When do Juliet and her father argue about Juliet's marrying Paris in Romeo and Juliet?

Juliet and her father argue about her marriage to Count Paris just after her mother informs her of the arrangements her father has made, in Act 3, Scene 5 (and this takes place right after Romeo leaves her bedroom!).  Juliet rejects their plans, insisting that she will not marry Paris.  When her father walks in, her mother says that Juliet should tell him herself.  He is immediately incensed at Juliet's lack of gratitude and pride...

Juliet and her father argue about her marriage to Count Paris just after her mother informs her of the arrangements her father has made, in Act 3, Scene 5 (and this takes place right after Romeo leaves her bedroom!).  Juliet rejects their plans, insisting that she will not marry Paris.  When her father walks in, her mother says that Juliet should tell him herself.  He is immediately incensed at Juliet's lack of gratitude and pride in their choice of so great a husband.  He calls her "Unworthy" of such an advantageous match (3.5.150).  Even when she begs for his patience, imploring him to listen to her, he threatens to hit her (his "fingers itch"), and says that she can "hang, beg, starve, die in the streets" unless she relents and does as he has ordered (3.5.204).  He promises that he will "not be forsworn" (3.5.207); in other words, he will not change his mind or take back what he has said.  Juliet is absolutely her father's daughter, though, because she is as resolute as he once she's made up her mind.

In Go Set a Watchman, what is Jean Louise talking about when she says that her uncle Jack elects to "disappear in the mist?"

This occurs on p.201 in the middle of a long, and fairly convoluted conversation between Uncle Jack and Jean Louise. When she says "disappear into the mist" she means that he is choosing to be murky in his answers. He is choosing to make his answers unclear, and this confuses her.

At this point, she is upset (disgusted might be a better word) at Atticus and feels like she has been betrayed.  She does not know...

This occurs on p.201 in the middle of a long, and fairly convoluted conversation between Uncle Jack and Jean Louise. When she says "disappear into the mist" she means that he is choosing to be murky in his answers. He is choosing to make his answers unclear, and this confuses her.

At this point, she is upset (disgusted might be a better word) at Atticus and feels like she has been betrayed.  She does not know this current Atticus - this one who goes to town hall meetings with racists and keeps books on suppressing the "negro." She is trying to express this to Uncle Jack, and he is trying to explain exactly what is going on. That is part of the problem - his explanation.

Uncle Jack almost talks in riddles. It takes him a very long time to get to the point, and even then, it is not direct. 

At one point in the conversation they are standing in front of a mirror and Uncle Jack asks Scout what she sees. He says he sees two people. She asks if it is the tomboy and the woman, and he says it is more than that. It is at that point she says to him,

"Uncle Jack, I don't know why you elect to disappear into the mist..." (201).

She is referring to him, once again, not simply answering her question and getting to the point. By this point in the conversation he has been providing her with lots of anecdotes and stories, with the intention of getting to his point via the stories, but Scout has become increasingly frustrated with this method of conversing. She feels like he is simply giving her the run-around.

With reference to Multiculturalism, Change and identity in 2002, why might young British Muslims support the Taliban?

It appears that you are referencing Alison Shaw's journal article in Anthropology Today (Vol 18, no. 1, Feb. 2002), titled Why Might Young British Muslims Support the Taliban?

In her article, Shaw notes that the Islamic fundamentalist message, coupled with revolutionary fervor, is attractive to some second-generation Muslims in Britain. However, it would be unfair to claim that poverty and racism has engendered such enthusiasm for a global caliphate among this younger generation of Muslims....

It appears that you are referencing Alison Shaw's journal article in Anthropology Today (Vol 18, no. 1, Feb. 2002), titled Why Might Young British Muslims Support the Taliban?

In her article, Shaw notes that the Islamic fundamentalist message, coupled with revolutionary fervor, is attractive to some second-generation Muslims in Britain. However, it would be unfair to claim that poverty and racism has engendered such enthusiasm for a global caliphate among this younger generation of Muslims. Shaw states that many young supporters of the fundamentalist message appear to be well-educated and come from privileged backgrounds.

However, the global utopian construct promoted by the Taliban provides a measure of comfort for these young Muslims in the event of anti-Muslim sentiment in Britain after the September 11 attacks in New York City. Muslim fears of prolonged retaliation from the larger mainstream English population, as well as what Muslims view as the secular hedonism of the West, has contributed to Muslim youths supporting the fundamentalist message.

Shaw states that the 'perceived sexual laxity and hedonism of the West...primarily with respect to the behavior of women' has troubled many religious Muslims in Britain. In conversation with one young Muslim woman, Shaw is told how Allah punished three women for immoral behavior. One woman who had refused to veil herself and who had tempted men with her long hair was hung by her hair; another who had exposed her breasts to strange men was hung by her breasts. Yet another woman who had committed adultery was suffering agonies in the fire. According to the young Muslim woman, the prophet Muhammad had begged Allah to free the women from their tortures; however, Allah had refused because of the sins of these women.

Shaw states that the view of the West as a corrupt culture 'is occasionally offered as a partial justification for the actions of a minority of individuals who exploit the 'host' society, sometimes illegally, and in response to considerable economic and social pressures that include the need to support relatives in Pakistan.' Shaw relates how some British Muslims caught selling drugs were viewed somewhat leniently by their relatives, as the youths were selling the drugs to non-Muslims. The belief is that the West is already so morally corrupt that it would make no difference to sell Westerners the drugs.

So, to summarize, there appear to be two major reasons why British Muslims would support the Taliban:

1)covert prejudice and violent retribution from the larger mainstream public after the 9/11 attacks.

2)the Muslim view of the West as a morally corrupt culture which needs to be remade in the image of a Sharia-compliant Muslim caliphate.

Source: Why Might Young British Muslims Support the Taliban? by Alison Shaw, Anthropology Today (Vol 18, no.1, Feb 2002) pp 5-8.

What significant ghost does Odysseus speak with in the land of the dead?

The most significant figure Odysseus encounters in the underworld (Book 11 of the Odyssey) is Achilles, the central character from Homer's Iliad. Achilles, a demigod, was the greatest Greek warrior. He killed Hector, Troy's most prominent warrior, as revenge for the death of Achilles' friend Patroclus. As was prophesied, Achilles later dies and becomes prince of Hades. Unfortunately, Achilles--cavalier toward death while alive--now wishes he could return to the land of the living....

The most significant figure Odysseus encounters in the underworld (Book 11 of the Odyssey) is Achilles, the central character from Homer's Iliad. Achilles, a demigod, was the greatest Greek warrior. He killed Hector, Troy's most prominent warrior, as revenge for the death of Achilles' friend Patroclus. As was prophesied, Achilles later dies and becomes prince of Hades. Unfortunately, Achilles--cavalier toward death while alive--now wishes he could return to the land of the living. As he tells Odysseus:

“I’d rather be another’s hired hand,……than to rule over all whom death has crushed.”

Another significant ghost Odysseus encounters is that of Agamemnon, the former king of Argos. After winning the Trojan War, Agamemnon had returned home, where his wife--Clytaemnestra--and her lover--Aegisthus--murdered him (The Greek playwright Aeschylus narrates this event in Agamemnon, the first play in the Oresteia trilogy). Due to his fate, Agamemnon cautions Odysseus against placing too much trust in his wife, Penelope, when he finally returns home to Ithaca.

In Sherman Alexie's short story "What You Pawn I Will Redeem," does Jackson really work hard for the money at the end of the story like he says?

In the short story “What You Pawn I Will Redeem”, the pawnbroker chooses to give Jackson the regalia in spite of him not having $999 required to buy it. Perhaps, the pawnbroker’s decision is based on Jackson’s admission that he has worked hard to get the five dollars that he is willing to offer for the regalia. In order to understand whether Jackson really has worked hard for the five dollars, we need to look...

In the short story “What You Pawn I Will Redeem”, the pawnbroker chooses to give Jackson the regalia in spite of him not having $999 required to buy it. Perhaps, the pawnbroker’s decision is based on Jackson’s admission that he has worked hard to get the five dollars that he is willing to offer for the regalia. In order to understand whether Jackson really has worked hard for the five dollars, we need to look at how Jackson got the money.

The first five dollars that Jackson has belongs to him and his two friends, Rose of Sharon and Junior. Since this money is too little to buy the regalia, the pawnbroker gives the trio twenty-four hours within which to make the required $999. He also gives them twenty dollars to set them off. However, they use the money to buy themselves drinks.

Next, Jackson’s friend at the Real Change organization gives him fifty papers for free to sell at a dollar each. He sells five papers in an hour and throws away the rest. He uses four dollars for a meal of cheeseburgers and remains with a dollar. He “borrows” one dollar and fifty cents from Junior, adds this to his one dollar, and uses the money to buy lottery tickets. He wins one hundred dollars from the tickets. Of this, he gives twenty dollars to the lady behind the lottery register and uses the rest on drinks for himself and other people whom he finds at an Indian bar. Then, a cop friend of his gives him thirty dollars. He spends twenty-five dollars on a meal for himself and three other Aleut Indians at the Big Kitchen. The remaining five dollars is what he presents to the pawnbroker.

Jackson has done little physical work to get the five dollars. However, he is clearly a kind, generous man who is always willing to share whatever little he has with other people. It is this character that earns him money and many other things from people. We could say that he has worked hard to build such a character in spite of his living circumstances—therefore to some extent he has worked hard for the money.

What causes the door to appear in The Hobbit? Should the dwarves have predicted this event? Why didn't they?

In The Hobbit, there are moon-letters on the map Thorin received from Gandalf, and those moon-letters are translated by Elrond when the company arrives in Rivendell: "Stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks and the setting sun with the last light of Durin's Day will shine upon the key-hole." Just as Elrond's translation said, the door opened when a thrush (a type of bird) was knocking on the wall with a snail's...

In The Hobbit, there are moon-letters on the map Thorin received from Gandalf, and those moon-letters are translated by Elrond when the company arrives in Rivendell: "Stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks and the setting sun with the last light of Durin's Day will shine upon the key-hole." Just as Elrond's translation said, the door opened when a thrush (a type of bird) was knocking on the wall with a snail's shell and the last ray of light on Durin's Day shone on the wall; when the light hit the stone, a small piece cracked off, revealing the key-hole.

So, yes, the dwarves should have known exactly when the door would open because Elrond told them the map's instructions, but they were so excited about finally reaching Erebor and getting into the mountain that they forgot about what Elrond told them.

What are some themes of the play "Master Harold". . .and the Boys?

One of the major themes of the play "Master Harold". . .and the Boysis the role that privilege plays in our lives.  The play opens with Willie telling Sam that his girlfriend Hilda has not shown up for many days to dance practice.  After some discussion, it becomes evident that Hilda is staying away because Willie has hit her.  In South African society at the time, Willie as a man has gender privilege and...

One of the major themes of the play "Master Harold". . .and the Boys is the role that privilege plays in our lives.  The play opens with Willie telling Sam that his girlfriend Hilda has not shown up for many days to dance practice.  After some discussion, it becomes evident that Hilda is staying away because Willie has hit her.  In South African society at the time, Willie as a man has gender privilege and believes that he has the right to hit Hilda whenever he is displeased with her.  However, in the final scene of the play, Willie tells Sam that he has learned from all that has transpired in the tea shop that afternoon, which compels him to find Hilda so that he can apologize to her.  Willie also resolves to never hit Hilda again, thereby disavowing his gender privilege.  Throughout the play, Sam has been trying to get Hally to, like Willie, realize that he can walk away from his privilege--in this case, his racial privilege.  Sam tells Hally that he doesn't have to sit on "the bench," but Hally is torn between following his sense of humanity and loving and respecting his father's wishes.  

Why is carbon not a semiconductor given that it is in the fourth group of the periodic table?

Carbon is a non-metal, and non-metals are poor conductors of electricity because the bond structure is a "close-packed arrangement." Silicon and germanium which are also in Group IVA are semi-conductors and are classified as metalloids. Metalloids show properties of both metals and non-metals. The have low electrical conductivity compared to metals but conduct more than non-metals. This property makes them useful in small scale electronics.

It's a general rule that elements within the...

Carbon is a non-metal, and non-metals are poor conductors of electricity because the bond structure is a "close-packed arrangement." Silicon and germanium which are also in Group IVA are semi-conductors and are classified as metalloids. Metalloids show properties of both metals and non-metals. The have low electrical conductivity compared to metals but conduct more than non-metals. This property makes them useful in small scale electronics.

It's a general rule that elements within the same group have similar properties, however some periodic trends show more of a diagonal pattern. Fluorine, near the upper right of the periodic table, is the least metallic element and Francium, on the bottom left, is the most metallic. This is because trends related to electron configuration are influenced not only by valance electrons but also by shielding by inner electrons which increases going down in a group. The metalloids fall along a diagonal stair-step separating metals from non-metals. The image below shows the metalloids in yellow.

How can setting influence or shape the theme of a story or poem?

Setting, which is time and place, is a powerful means of creating or influencing a theme in literature. Let's look at one short story, one novel, and one poem to see how setting contributes to each. 

First, in "The Lottery," we are shown a charming village on a beautiful summer day, but not in a specific time or place, really "Anywhere, USA."  This is meant to lull us into believing it is going to be...

Setting, which is time and place, is a powerful means of creating or influencing a theme in literature. Let's look at one short story, one novel, and one poem to see how setting contributes to each. 

First, in "The Lottery," we are shown a charming village on a beautiful summer day, but not in a specific time or place, really "Anywhere, USA."  This is meant to lull us into believing it is going to be a pleasant story that could happen in any village.  The charm of the village as we begin creates a sharp contrast to the evil of the village at the end of the story.  This bucolic beginning sets the stage for our shock later on and also creates a kind of universality to the theme, which is that the nicest of people anywhere can commit the most dreadful of acts, all in the name of a quaint "tradition." If the story were more firmly bound to a particular time and place, or if it began with too much of a hint of evil, it would lose a great deal of its effectiveness. 

Next, in The Great Gatsby, the setting is New York and Long Island in the Roaring Twenties. Gatsby, Nick, and the Buchanans live in wealth in Long Island, while George and Myrtle Wilson live next to the Valley of Ashes, symbolic of their poor, grey lives. The backdrop of the novel is Prohibition, the rise of organized crime, and the great partying, drinking, carelessness, and amorality of the wealthy.  All of this reflects and reinforces the themes of the novel, which is about money, morality, or the lack thereof, and the American Dream.  The twenties were a time of great inequality, far more, I would guess, than even today, since capitalism was much less regulated and the federal income tax had been instated only a few years prior.  It is difficult to imagine this novel in any other time and place, with its setting so perfectly in sync with its themes.

The poem "The Listeners" is set deep in the countryside, and there is kind of "hush" to this poem it could never have had the narrator walked up to a door to an apartment in Manhattan.  There is nothing quite as dark and quiet as the country at night, and the entire mood of the poem, mysterious and haunting, telling of some tragedy that has happened because someone was too late, is dependent on its setting for its effect. 

I'm fairly certain there must be some story or poem in which setting is not important, but as I sit here, I cannot think of a one! Authors have good reasons for the settings they choose, and as you read stories and poems, you will be able to see what a difference the settings make. Try to imagine a story happening in some other time and place, and that will help you to see how important the setting really is. 

What were some major changes in living and working conditions as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution began in America in the 1790s. Over the next four decades, the American economy became increasingly mechanised with production moving from the country to the rapidly-expanding towns and cities. This had a dramatic impact on the way that people lived and worked. It brought about the rise of the factory system, for example, where work was performed on a large scale in a single location. Factory work also led to the ...

The Industrial Revolution began in America in the 1790s. Over the next four decades, the American economy became increasingly mechanised with production moving from the country to the rapidly-expanding towns and cities. This had a dramatic impact on the way that people lived and worked. It brought about the rise of the factory system, for example, where work was performed on a large scale in a single location. Factory work also led to the rise of wage labour, but the low wages and long hours of the factories exploited workers. Over the course of the century, the trade unions and strike action would become a common feature of industrial life. 

As people flocked to the towns and cities for work, many of them lived in cramped and overcrowded conditions. Slums were rife in cities like New York and exacerbated by a population boom and the high number of immigrants who came to America in the 1800s. (The population of America quadrupled between 1814 and 1860, to over 31 million people.)

Of course, there were some people who benefited from the Industrial Revolution. Many merchants and bankers became extremely wealthy from these new methods of production. People also enjoyed the abundance of manufactured good which were available to purchase. But it is important to remember that not everybody shared in these financial and cultural successes. 

What are some examples of transfer propaganda techniques used throughout Animal Farm?

As was mentioned in the previous post, transfer propaganda is defined as a technique that projects the positive or negative qualities of an individual to something in order to make the second seem more or less acceptable. Squealer continually uses transfer propaganda to oppress and manipulate the other animals on the farm into accepting the pigs' decisions. After Napoleon chases Snowball off of the farm, the ruling pigs use transfer propaganda to blame all of...

As was mentioned in the previous post, transfer propaganda is defined as a technique that projects the positive or negative qualities of an individual to something in order to make the second seem more or less acceptable. Squealer continually uses transfer propaganda to oppress and manipulate the other animals on the farm into accepting the pigs' decisions. After Napoleon chases Snowball off of the farm, the ruling pigs use transfer propaganda to blame all of their failures on Snowball. Transfer propaganda is employed to blame Snowball for the destruction of the windmill, as well as all of the other unfortunate occurrences on the farm. Orwell writes,

"Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball" (30).

When Squealer declares that Snowball was in league with Jones and plotted against Animal Farm at the Battle of Cowshed, many of the animals find this hard to believe. When Boxer questions Squealer and comments that Snowball fought bravely, Squealer uses transfer propaganda by appealing to Napoleon's authority. Squealer says,

"Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon...has stated categorically — categorically, comrade — that Snowball was Jones’s agent from the very beginning — yes, and from long before the Rebellion was ever thought of" (Orwell 32).

Upon learning that Napoleon stated that Snowball was allied with Jones during the Battle of Cowshed, Boxer accepts Squealer's testimony. Napoleon is viewed as an infallible, honest leader which means that all of his comments must be true.

What are vesicles, tubules and lamellae?

Vesicles, tubules, and lamella are examples of mesosomes. They are formed by the folding of the cell membrane.

Vesicles are small, membrane-bound sacs within a cell. Vesicles may contain fluids, such as vacuoles. Vesicles may also contain enzymes that aid in the metabolism within a cell. Vesicles often aid in the transportation of materials within the cell or across the cell membrane.

Tubules are small tubes that may be found in various structures or organs...

Vesicles, tubules, and lamella are examples of mesosomes. They are formed by the folding of the cell membrane.

Vesicles are small, membrane-bound sacs within a cell. Vesicles may contain fluids, such as vacuoles. Vesicles may also contain enzymes that aid in the metabolism within a cell. Vesicles often aid in the transportation of materials within the cell or across the cell membrane.

Tubules are small tubes that may be found in various structures or organs in the body. An example of a cellular tubule is a T tubule. A T tubule stands for a transverse intracellular tubule that is formed by the invagination of the cell membrane. T tubules surround myofibrils of the cells in the cardiac and skeletal system, thus serving as a pathway for electrical signals within a muscle cell.

In biology, a lamella is a plate of disc like structure. Lamella are found in the chloroplasts eukaryotic cells. In the chloroplast, lamella are extensions of thylakoids. These lamellae link the thylakoid within one granum to another.  

Why does George take the dead mouse away from Lennie in Of Mice and Men?

The first chapter of Of Mice and Men introduces readers to Lennie and George as well as to the setting of the Salinas River and valley. The men stop at the river for the evening after hiking for several miles to get to their new job. The contrast between the two men is striking, with Lennie's height and bear-like movements stressed. George's angular features and compact build, along with his quick and decisive movements allow the reader to notice Lennie's mental handicap quickly. 

After a few moments of interaction, the conversation turns to what's in Lennie's pocket. Although he tries to hide it, much like a child would try to hide something from a parent, George makes Lennie show him what he has in his pocket. The object is a dead mouse. Lennie has been petting the dead mouse for most of their hike. Apparently this is a pretty common occurrence for Lennie, who loves to touch soft things, like fur. George takes the mouse away from Lennie, throwing it away into the brush by their campsite. 

When George asks Lennie to go get firewood, Lennie attempts to surreptitiously pocket the mouse's corpse. George knows what he's up to, however, and forces him to give up the mouse's body again, throwing it across the river this time. When Lennie begins to cry, George explains why he had to take the corpse away from him: 

"Aw, Lennie!" George put his hand on Lennie's shoulder. "I ain't takin' it away jus' for meanness. That mouse ain't fresh, Lennie; and besides, you've broke it pettin' it. You get another mouse that's fresh and I'll let you keep it a little while." (9)

The fact that Lennie kills mice doesn't really seem to bother George as much as the fact that Lennie is toting around a dead mouse. Any corpse will eventually decay. George grows increasingly frustrated with Lennie's behavior following this exchange. Exasperated, George starts to complain about how his life would be easier without Lennie in it. 

What are some lessons learned in The Great Gatsby?

There are several lessons that can be learned from the characters and their actions in The Great Gatsby.  Through Jay Gatsby, we learn to not let obsession destroy who we really are.  Because of his fanatical love for Daisy, Gatsby changes his name, makes his wealth through illegal activities, and attempts to join a social class in which he doesn’t belong.  Denying his background and family are destructive for Gatsby, especially when he is...

There are several lessons that can be learned from the characters and their actions in The Great Gatsby.  Through Jay Gatsby, we learn to not let obsession destroy who we really are.  Because of his fanatical love for Daisy, Gatsby changes his name, makes his wealth through illegal activities, and attempts to join a social class in which he doesn’t belong.  Denying his background and family are destructive for Gatsby, especially when he is never able to really fit into Daisy’s social class.  In the end, he is murdered without experiencing the love he so desperately seeks with Daisy or anyone else for that matter. 

Through Daisy and Tom, we can learn that happiness is more important than money or social class.  Daisy and Tom live a loveless marriage but feel they must stay together to keep up appearances and keep their standing in the ultra-rich society in which they belong.  Tom is abusive to Daisy, but she still stays with him despite Gatsby’s vow to love her.  Tom and Daisy are both “old money” and have fallen victim to the expectations imposed upon them by an oppressive social culture.

Other lessons could include topics such as: how wealth can be destructive, how infidelity affects marriages, how friendship is important, and how the deprivation of society during this time in the 1920’s affected the characters.

How have the people of Maycomb County shaped its community in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

Scout discusses the roots of Maycomb county a couple of times in Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. It is interesting to read about Scout's family like Cousin Ike Finch who "was Maycomb County's sole surviving Confederate veteran" (76). Many white people in Alabama during the 1930s could trace their family tree to a Confederate veteran and that is part of the Maycomb's foundation--Southerners. The South fought for States Rights, but also to keep slavery. Because of these two very significant facts, Maycomb rises from the Civil War as a segregated and often racist society just like most other communities in the South. As generations rise and fall, the community changes a little bit, but the founding families seem to uphold many traditions within the community.

First, the Finches were one of the first families to build a homestead in the county at Finches Landing. They didn't have the biggest plantation around, but they did very well for themselves up until the Civil War. After that, they still had a high social status, but not necessarily wealth. Then, the Cunninghams, though poor, have a good work ethic and many extended family still around. They continue to hold to good working values, but aren't so progressive for the time not to consider lynching a black man. Finally, there are the Ewells who are both poor and low class. Bob, the father, feeds his own addictions before his own children. He's also willing to send a black man to his death to protect his racist name.

Maycomb consists of these three types of people plus the black community striving to find work and live decently. Sadly, Aunt Alexandra is a Finch with a snobby, social attitude. As Atticus represents the progressive justice-for-all attitude, his own sister still snubs her nose at people like the Cunninghams. When Scout asks her why she can't invite young Walter Cunningham over to play sometimes, she gets the following answer:

"She took off her glasses and stared at me. 'I'll tell you why,' she said. 'Because--he--is--trash, that's why you can't play with him. I'll not have you around him, picking up his habits and learning Lord-knows-what. You're enough of a problem to your father as it is'" (225).

Luckily, not all of Maycomb is like Aunt Alexandra, the Cunninghams, or the Ewells. Miss Maudie, Link Deas, Heck Tate, and others follow Atticus's line of thinking, and they are the good examples of the community. Maudie explains to Alexandra that people like Atticus are needed to bear the weight of the community's problems on their shoulders sometimes as follows:

"Have you ever thought of it this way, Alexandra? Whether Maycomb knows it or not, we're paying the highest tribute to we can pay to a man. We trust him to do right. It's that simple. . . The handful of people in this town who say that fair play is not marked White Only; the handful of people who say a fair trial is for everybody, not just us; the handful of people with enough humility to think, when they look at a Negro, there but for the Lord's kindness am I. . . The handful of people in this town with background, that's who they are" (236).

When Maudie mentions "background," she's speaking Aunt Alexandra's language because that's all the Finches have left from the old pre-Civil War era. Therefore, Maycomb county is made up of many levels of people who struggle to find themselves as a growing and progressive community during the pre-Civil Rights time period.

How does Walter Cunningham claim he almost died his first year of school?

At the beginning of Chapter 3, Scout is beating up Walter Cunningham when Jem intervenes and breaks up the fight. Jem invites Walter Cunningham to his house for a meal, and Walter reluctantly accepts. As the children walk to the Finch residence, Jem references Boo Radley by saying, "A hain't lives there." (Lee 31) Walter tells Jem that he almost died his first year of school after eating Radley's "poisonous pecans." Walter elaborates and tells...

At the beginning of Chapter 3, Scout is beating up Walter Cunningham when Jem intervenes and breaks up the fight. Jem invites Walter Cunningham to his house for a meal, and Walter reluctantly accepts. As the children walk to the Finch residence, Jem references Boo Radley by saying, "A hain't lives there." (Lee 31) Walter tells Jem that he almost died his first year of school after eating Radley's "poisonous pecans." Walter elaborates and tells Jem that Boo purposely poisons the pecans and puts them over on the school side of the fence. This is another example of how rumors about Boo Radley circulate. The children imagine a terrifying creature whose top priority is to harm others. Throughout the novel, as Scout and Jem mature, they learn the true nature of Boo Radley, who is just a reclusive, caring neighbor.

How does Ralph react to the first hunt in which he participates in Lord of the Flies?

While Ralph has placed the idea of hunting beneath the importance of building shelters and maintaining the fire, he becomes very excited during the hunt.

In Chapter Seven the boys climb the mountain in search of the beast. On the way, Roger detects the droppings of a pig; Jack then tells Ralph that they need meat and should pursue the pig. When a pig comes crashing through the brush, "Ralph found he was able to...

While Ralph has placed the idea of hunting beneath the importance of building shelters and maintaining the fire, he becomes very excited during the hunt.

In Chapter Seven the boys climb the mountain in search of the beast. On the way, Roger detects the droppings of a pig; Jack then tells Ralph that they need meat and should pursue the pig. When a pig comes crashing through the brush, "Ralph found he was able to measure the distance coldly and take aim." When the pig nears him, Ralph hurls the "foolish wooden stick" that he has been carrying; it hits the large snout of the boar, causing it to squeal and veer into the covert off the trail. The other boys see it and begin to shout. 

Ralph was full of fright and apprehension and pride....
"I hit him all right. The spear stuck in. I wounded him!"
He sunned himself in their new respect and felt that hunting was good after all.

Clearly, Ralph has been affected by the atavistic part of his nature that loves to kill and inflict pain. This savage instinct is obviously inherent in him since he has previously demonstrated no cruelty or meanness as have Roger and Jack. This demonstration of Ralph's excitement in the hunt presages much of what is to come in Golding's narrative.

What is the short definition of imperialism?

One way to define imperialism is to say that it is the practice in which one country uses various types of power to enable it to rule over another country.  Of course, this is a very short definition and there are many things that make it problematic.  However, it is a good short definition of the term.

Imperialism occurs when a country exerts its power to allow it to dominate another country or countries.  For...

One way to define imperialism is to say that it is the practice in which one country uses various types of power to enable it to rule over another country.  Of course, this is a very short definition and there are many things that make it problematic.  However, it is a good short definition of the term.

Imperialism occurs when a country exerts its power to allow it to dominate another country or countries.  For example, the British were clearly implementing imperialism when they subjugated most of what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Burma.  They used their power to allow themselves to rule those areas.  However, imperialism does not have to be so obvious.  We can also say that Britain and other countries were engaging in imperialism in China when they forced China to give them the right to trade with China and to give them the right to have areas within Chinese cities that were subject to their own legal systems, not that of China.  In other words, imperialism can involve domination that comes short of direct and formal rule.

In general, then, we can define imperialism as the practice of using a nation’s power (whether it be military, economic, or other) to allow it to dominate other countries.

How is McMurphy portrayed in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest?

When we first meet McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, the narrator, Chief Bromden, tells us that he is "no ordinary Admission" (Kesey 10). McMurphy, who counters figures of authority with brashness and swagger, is not the type of man who would "slide scared along the wall" or respond to directions with "a weak little yes" (Kesey 10-11). Rather, we find that he is a strong, capable individual with a gambling habit and a tendency to break the law (Kesey 11). Bromden describes McMurphy's arrival at the institution by noting the many ways that he is dissimilar to both the patients and staff, and he gives a description of McMurphy that signals a sort of awe. Consider, for example, the way in which Bromden characterizes McMurphy in the beginning of the novel:

The way he talks, his wink, his loud talk, his swagger all remind me of a car salesman or a stock auctioneer—or one of those pitchmen you see on a sideshow stage, out in front of his flapping banners, standing there in a striped shirt with yellow buttons, drawing the faces off the sawdust like a magnet (Kesey 12). 

In this excerpt, we see that McMurphy is a rather playful individual, as signaled by his tendency to wink at other characters, and his attitude has an air of performance. He draws attention wherever he goes, and he interrupts routines. His persona, as Bromden points out, is much like "a magnet" (Kesey 12). As such, we can safely assume that McMurphy has the ability to attract attention and to influence others. The description Bromden provides, notably, does not portray McMurphy as a trustworthy figure, but it does point to McMurphy as a figure of disruption and potential power.

Additionally, we see that McMurphy is an observant character within the novel, and a character for whom strength and masculinity play an important role. After the group meeting on the ward, McMurphy suggests that the practice of dissecting each patients' problems and tendencies (a practice guided by Nurse Ratched) is ultimately damaging and emasculating; moreover, he argues that Nurse Ratched intends for group therapy sessions to make the male patients feel weak. Harding, another patient on the ward, responds to McMurphy's observations:

“You are right,” Harding says, “about all of it.” He looks up at the other patients who are watching him. “No one’s ever dared come out and say it before, but there’s not a man among us that doesn’t think it, that doesn’t feel just as you do about her and the whole business—feel it somewhere down deep in his scared little soul” (Kesey 37). 

In Harding's response, we see that McMurphy has a bold, confrontational style--one which, importantly, the other patients seem to lack. Furthermore, we find in the exchange that McMurphy appears to have an inner, masculine strength that the other patients on the ward do not possess (and that they cannot possess, McMurphy's stance suggests, due to group therapy sessions which promote turning on one another and tearing one another down). In the passage, McMurphy is juxtaposed against Nurse Ratched, the head nurse on the ward, and we might see this as an early example of McMurphy's masculine, anti-authoritarian energy conflicting with Nurse Ratched's ordered, feminine energy.

When we examine McMurphy's character in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, it is wise to keep in mind that we see him through Bromden's eyes, and as a narrator, Bromden has the ability to shape our understanding and interpretation of McMurphy.

Source: Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. New York: Signet Books, 1962.

What is a thematic statement for "The Cask of Amontillado"?

In order to write a a thematic statement, you first need a theme. There are a few themes in The Cask of Amontillado, such as the mortality of man or the violation of trust; but the one that I will use is the theme of hubris. (For a fuller explanation of the other themes, I have included a link.) Hubris, as defined by dictionary.com, is "excessive pride or self-confidence; arrogance." In literature, another part...

In order to write a a thematic statement, you first need a theme. There are a few themes in The Cask of Amontillado, such as the mortality of man or the violation of trust; but the one that I will use is the theme of hubris. (For a fuller explanation of the other themes, I have included a link.) Hubris, as defined by dictionary.com, is "excessive pride or self-confidence; arrogance." In literature, another part is generally added to the meaning: the arrogance leads to a downfall of some kind. This happens to both characters: Montressor's hubris leads him to a moral downfall by means of murder, and Fortunato's hubris leads him to death (which is the ultimate downfall). With all of that in mind, one example of a thematic statement for The Cask of Amontillado could be something like:

In the short story The Cask of Amontillado, Poe explores the reality of hubris: how the pride of man will lead to their downfall.

What role does disillusionment play in the story "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant?

Disappointment in her social position is experienced by Madame Mathilde Loisel as she longs for a life of finesse, luxurious possessions, and adulation. But, after attending an evening reception at the Ministerial Mansion, where she has had a deliciously enjoyable evening, Madame Loisel imagines herself as a lady to be admired. However, she soon experiences great disillusionment in what she has thought was a triumphal evening.

At the ball, Madame Loisel thinks of nothing but...

Disappointment in her social position is experienced by Madame Mathilde Loisel as she longs for a life of finesse, luxurious possessions, and adulation. But, after attending an evening reception at the Ministerial Mansion, where she has had a deliciously enjoyable evening, Madame Loisel imagines herself as a lady to be admired. However, she soon experiences great disillusionment in what she has thought was a triumphal evening.

At the ball, Madame Loisel thinks of nothing but her admiring audience as she finds herself "the prettiest one there, fashionable, gracious, smiling, and wild with joy." The men all turn to admire her, and desire to be introduced to her. Even the Cabinet officials wish to waltz with her. Moreover, the minister takes notice of her. So, Mme. Loisel spends a triumphal evening, ignoring her husband, and giving no serious thought to anything in the "triumph of her beauty." She delights in her feelings of success and sense of victory over the other women at this ball.

However, once she discovers that she has lost the necklace borrowed from her old school friend, disillusionment sets in. For, Madame Loisel realizes that this single loss has plummeted her into a life of deprivation. For, she and her husband must henceforth work constantly to pay for the diamond necklace that they have purchased as a replacement so that her friend would not learn of her carelessness.

Madame Loisel experienced the horrible life the needy live....
She learned to do the heavy housework, to perform the hateful duties of cooking. She washed dishes, wearing down her shell-pink nails scouring the grease from pots and pans...she took the garbage down to the street....And clad like a peasant woman,...she bargained with the fruit dealers, the grocer, the butcher, and was insulted by them.

The necklace itself is symbolic of Madame Loisel's disillusionment. For, it is the object of her suffering, as it wreaks retribution upon Mathilde for her vanity as well as the pettiness and hypocrisy of the bourgeoisie that Maupassant often attacked in his stories.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Nick as a narrator in The Great Gatsby?

The major advantage to having Nick be the narrator of The Great Gatsby is his intimacy with the situation. He is Daisy's second cousin "once removed" and is neighbor to the eponymous Jay Gatsby. 

Nick's position as Daisy's cousin and Jordan's boyfriend allows the reader to empathize with Daisy's desire to have an affair. Jordan, because she is in a relationship with Nick, details the affairs Tom has while married to Daisy. She tells Nick...

The major advantage to having Nick be the narrator of The Great Gatsby is his intimacy with the situation. He is Daisy's second cousin "once removed" and is neighbor to the eponymous Jay Gatsby. 

Nick's position as Daisy's cousin and Jordan's boyfriend allows the reader to empathize with Daisy's desire to have an affair. Jordan, because she is in a relationship with Nick, details the affairs Tom has while married to Daisy. She tells Nick about Daisy's happiness ("It was touching to see them together—it made you laugh in a hushed, fascinated way.") before the accident Tom has while driving with a chambermaid during their stay in Santa Barbara for their honeymoon.

In addition, Nick sees a side of Daisy most are not able to see. Daisy introduces Nick to her daughter and then, in a moment of honsety, Daisy utters her famous lines to him: "I hope she'll be a fool—that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool."

However, Nick's proximity to and admiration for Gatsby distorts Nick's telling of the story and makes him an unreliable narrator. Nick begins the novel by proclaiming Gatsby singular in that he had "an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is unlikely I shall ever find again." In addition, Nick never once condemns Gatsby's desire to tempt Daisy to infidelity, while it's clear he does not hold Tom's infidility under the same standard. 

While Nick's proximity to the story gives the reader a great advantage in understanding the motivations of the characters, his unreliability taints the events in the novel tremendously.

How were indentured servants and African American slaves different?

Indentured servants came to the colonies after signing a contract, known as an "indenture" that committed them to anywhere from three to five years of service (usually as agricultural labor). In return, the owner of an indenture would pay for passage to the colony and what were called "freedom dues" to be supplied at the end of the indenture. "Freedom dues" might include a small parcel of land, clothing, a gun, or farming implements. Indentures...

Indentured servants came to the colonies after signing a contract, known as an "indenture" that committed them to anywhere from three to five years of service (usually as agricultural labor). In return, the owner of an indenture would pay for passage to the colony and what were called "freedom dues" to be supplied at the end of the indenture. "Freedom dues" might include a small parcel of land, clothing, a gun, or farming implements. Indentures could be sold from one person to another, and they could be extended close to indefinitely if the servant violated the terms of the agreement by running away, refusing to work, or becoming pregnant. The owners of indentures also possessed the power to discipline their workers, often by physical violence. Early in the history of the colonies, particularly in Virginia, the indentured labor force was composed of Irish people, poor urban English people, and African-Americans. By the end of the seventeenth century, however, Virginians increasingly turned to enslaved labor. In a process similar to what had occurred in Barbados, the legislature defined slavery in ways that differed from indentured servitude. As a result of this "terrible transformation," as it was described by one historian, slavery was permanent, racial, and hereditary. The children of enslaved women were by law slaves themselves, and would remain so for the rest of their lives. This was the biggest and most significant difference between slavery and indentured servitude, and the fact that it was attached to race had even more tragic consequences.

Why was Nelson Mandela an influential individual?

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was not just influential, he was revolutionary.

Knowing the sociopolitical context of South Africa is critical to understand the gravity of Mandela's actions fully. While Mandela was growing up, South Africa was under apartheid, a system of segregation between the white, European ruling class and native people of color. In this system, native people were severely oppressed and subject to restrictions the ruling class was not. Even after apartheid was formally "over,"...

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was not just influential, he was revolutionary.

Knowing the sociopolitical context of South Africa is critical to understand the gravity of Mandela's actions fully. While Mandela was growing up, South Africa was under apartheid, a system of segregation between the white, European ruling class and native people of color. In this system, native people were severely oppressed and subject to restrictions the ruling class was not. Even after apartheid was formally "over," some of these restrictions persisted. One such restriction that Mandela organized a campaign against were "pass laws," which required native people of color to carry a sort of identification card that was to be shown any time they wanted to gain access to a "whites only" space. 

As a young man, Mandela worked with the African National Congress to advocate for people of color. In 1952, he lead the Defiance Campaign, demonstrating with and supporting others in civil disobedience against unjust laws in South Africa. The government deemed this to be an act of communism, and Mandela and several others involved were sentenced to nine months of hard labor as punishment. 

For his persistent efforts in fighting against the institutionalized racial oppression of apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa, Mandela was elected to the African National Congress while in prison. In 1994, Mandela was elected president of South Africa in the country's first truly democratic election — previously, only the white ruling class could vote. All his life, Mandela spoke openly and ardently about the injustices occurring in South Africa. His persistence is remarkable and honorable. Today, Mandela is representative of the struggle people faced under apartheid and the good things that can come through diligently fighting for what is right. 

Mandela's influence is not only felt in South Africa; many in the United States and elsewhere have been inspired to participate in civil disobedience against unjust institutions as a result of Mandela's work.

How did Helen like Niagara falls? Why did people feel surprised at her response? |

When Helen Keller visits Niagara Falls she senses the power of this mammoth body of water that crashes over rock and earth. She writes that it is "difficult to describe my emotions." (Chapter 15)

In the previous chapter, Helen reflects upon the story she had written earlier that exhibited plagiarism because "what I read becomes the very substance and texture of my mind"; she did not realize that she had incorporated from a story the...

When Helen Keller visits Niagara Falls she senses the power of this mammoth body of water that crashes over rock and earth. She writes that it is "difficult to describe my emotions." (Chapter 15)

In the previous chapter, Helen reflects upon the story she had written earlier that exhibited plagiarism because "what I read becomes the very substance and texture of my mind"; she did not realize that she had incorporated from a story the beautiful ideas she had so enjoyed into her own thinking. While this ability to store ideas and feelings has caused her embarrassment and resulted in the accusation of plagiarism, it also has worked positively as she is able to store descriptions and emotions that she has read in her memory.

As an advantage, with this banked memory, Helen can call upon these vicarious experiences from novels and other narratives and apply them to similar occurrences in her life. This ability of transference of sensitivities allows Helen, therefore, to experience beyond the senses of sight and hearing. This is why she is so thrilled by Niagara Falls: the vibrations of the power of the water stir memories of things she has "seen" and "heard" in her beloved books.

What are some theme statements for Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson? Isolation and friendships are prominent subjects but I'm having trouble coming...

Theme statements should describe an argument, or the author's stance on a certain topic presented in the novel.

A theme statement regarding the topic of communication in Speak might be: "The theme of nonverbal communication throughout the Laurie Halse Anderson's novel Speak is a metaphor for the main character's secret, which she is never able to disclose aloud in the novel."

Another theme statement might discuss the theme of depression in Speak. For instance: "Author Laurie Halse Anderson explores several ways that teenagers deal with depression in the novel Speak, including self-expression through art, self-mutilation or cutting, and various types of friendships."

In any theme statement, make sure you explain clearly what you believe the author's point of view to be, as well as showing what the "topic" is, and phrasing the statement as an argument that can be proven.

What does Giles Corey say is the reason George Jacobs was arrested?

In Act Three, Giles Corey hands his deposition to Danforth, and in it he "states that [Putnam] coldly prompted [his] daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs [...]."  So, Corey believes that Putnam gave his daughter, Ruth, instructions to accuse Jacobs.  Further, Corey points out that if Jacobs is convicted of witchcraft (and, therefore, hanged), his vast property goes up for auction so that anyone may buy it and "none but Putnam [has] the coin...

In Act Three, Giles Corey hands his deposition to Danforth, and in it he "states that [Putnam] coldly prompted [his] daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs [...]."  So, Corey believes that Putnam gave his daughter, Ruth, instructions to accuse Jacobs.  Further, Corey points out that if Jacobs is convicted of witchcraft (and, therefore, hanged), his vast property goes up for auction so that anyone may buy it and "none but Putnam [has] the coin to buy so great a piece" of land.  

Moreover, Corey claims that "an honest man" told him that, on the day Ruth accused Jacobs, he'd overheard Mr. Putnam day that "she'd given him a fair gift of land."  The only way such a statement makes sense is if he was planning to buy Jacobs' land when it goes up for auction, something that is only possible if he is accused, an action that his daughter -- conveniently enough -- has taken.

What does Suyuan give Jing-mei in "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan?

In "Two Kinds," Suyuan gives her daughter, Jing-Mei, a piano. This gift comes about one year after Jing-Mei has started taking piano lessons from her neighbor, Mr. Chong. Jing-Mei had no real interest in learning to play the piano; it was, in fact, an ambition of her mother's who was determined to turn her daughter into a "child prodigy."

We should view the gift of the piano, then, as symbolic of Suyuan's aspirations for her daughter. She hopes that Jing-Mei will win an upcoming talent contest but, in fact, she pressures her daughter so much that the pair argue and she never plays the piano in her childhood again. It is not until her adult years, after the death of her mother, that Jing-Mei returns to the piano. Clearly, then, this gift was bittersweet: her mother meant well by encouraging Jing-Mei to master the piano, but the manner of her expression caused serious conflict between the two women.

Is imperialism/colonialism just another word for racism?

Imperialism is the territorial domination of one country over another. When we look at the New Imperialism of the late-nineteenth century, when Europe, the U.S. and Japan colonised much of Africa and Asia, we see how racism came into play. These imperialist nations were often motivated to expand by a belief in their racial and cultural superiority. This belief, called ethnocentrism, certainly motivated imperial nations to colonise because they felt compelled to 'civilise' these other...

Imperialism is the territorial domination of one country over another. When we look at the New Imperialism of the late-nineteenth century, when Europe, the U.S. and Japan colonised much of Africa and Asia, we see how racism came into play. These imperialist nations were often motivated to expand by a belief in their racial and cultural superiority. This belief, called ethnocentrism, certainly motivated imperial nations to colonise because they felt compelled to 'civilise' these other countries. A great example of this is Rudyard Kipling's poem, White Man's Burden, which was published in 1899 and which basically states that it is the duty of imperialists to colonise and raise the standard of living across Asia and Africa.

While racism certainly played an important role in New Imperialism, the pursuit of profit should not be forgotten. Imperialism was, at its heart, a financially-motivated exercise. Imperial nations wanted to build empires so that they could plunder the natural resources of the developing world and then sell them their mass-produced goods. Competition over the Suez Canal in Egypt is a great example of this. Suez was an important trading point and control of this area gave imperialists the most direct access to the Far East and - potentially - to untapped sources of profit. 

In chapter 16 of Bud, Not Buddy, what are Herman E. Calloway and Miss Thomas fighting about in the kitchen?

Your question is actually an amalgamation of what happens in chapter 15 and chapter 16 in Bud, Not Buddy; however, the answer is rather simple:  the two are fighting about whether Bud should stay with the band. The argument between Miss Thomas and Herman E. Calloway happens first.  By chapter 16, the argument has become a discussion.  First, the reader has to infer what the two are fighting about.  Bud is simply in Calloway’s...

Your question is actually an amalgamation of what happens in chapter 15 and chapter 16 in Bud, Not Buddy; however, the answer is rather simple:  the two are fighting about whether Bud should stay with the band. The argument between Miss Thomas and Herman E. Calloway happens first.  By chapter 16, the argument has become a discussion.  First, the reader has to infer what the two are fighting about.  Bud is simply in Calloway’s daughter’s room and hears the sound of verbal fighting.  It is then that Calloway bursts in and says the following:

I'm going to find out what your game is and … you're going back where you belong.

The reader, then, can safely assume that Miss Thomas was trying to convince Calloway to allow Bud to stay with the band while Calloway vehemently disagreed. 

In chapter 16, the argument has become more of a discussion.  Now the conversation is not just with Miss Thomas and Calloway but with the entire band.  Calloway still insists on sending Bud right back to Flint; however, Miss Thomas is still pulling for Bud:

You have no idea how bad those orphanages can be. … You'll take care of any stray dog wandering through this neighborhood, but when it comes to a child all of a sudden you have no sympathy. … I believe the child ... He's staying right here.

As Calloway still vows that he is going to “find out what the real story is in Flint,” we see Bud getting concerned that he is “eavesdropping” on the band.  In fact, Bud’s eavesdropping is quite important in that it is an interesting way for the author to share information with the reader.  Bud heads quietly back upstairs and “loudly” awakens in order to prevent the band from knowing he heard the whole conversation. 

How can I write a reflective paper about this quotation? "Just as despair can come to one only from other human beings, hope, too, can be given...

Your assignment recalls the theme of John Donne's poem, "No Man is an Island":

No man is an island,
Entire of itself,
Every man is a piece of the continent,
A part of the main....
Any man's death diminishes me,
Because I am involved in mankind,
And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; 
It tolls for thee. 

As part of the community of man, all share in the conditions of each and every one. This is poignantly clear in Elie Wiesel's Night where any hope about mankind and any trust in the world or in God is severely threatened. But, despite the horrific conditions, the inmates offer each other hope and strategies for survival. 

Therefore in a reflective essay, you might wish to construct a thesis statement in support of Elie Wiesel's words, contending that people can survive hardships, heartbreak, sickness, and despair if someone else loves them or encourages them—in other words, when hope is given to them by others.

Then, to support this thesis, the student can point to certain excerpts from the novel. For example, one such excerpt is that in which the head of the block coaches the inmates how to act during the inspection by the SS doctors. First, he tells them "I hope you will all succeed in getting through. But, you must help your own chances." Then, he coaches the men what they can do to improve their chances:

Before you go into the next room, move about in some ways ... to give yourselves a little color. Don't walk slowly; run! Run as if the devil were after you.

This is what Elie does. In fact, he is kidded about running so fast that the Nazis could not even read his number to write it down. Later, he talks with his poor father, weakened by the march to Buchenwald, and his father lovingly gives his knife and spoon to his son, saying that he can use it. But Elie does not want to take it because doing so is an admission that his father will die. Elie wishes to give his poor father some hope that can maybe support his psyche enough to preserve him. So, he tells him, "You need them as much as I do." 

Passages such as these will exemplify the theme stated by John Donne that "every man is a part of the continent"—that is, what Elie Wiesel calls hope that comes from others.

When acting as Lady Macbeth how should I act?

Lady Macbeth has a fascinating character arc, from the cold ambition she displays upon her first entrance, to the intense throes of guilt she experiences as she comes to terms with her role in Duncan’s murder.

From her very first entrance, Lady Macbeth displays her great ambition: In some of her first words to her husband, she tells him she fears his nature is “too full o’ the milk of human kindness” to kill Duncan...

Lady Macbeth has a fascinating character arc, from the cold ambition she displays upon her first entrance, to the intense throes of guilt she experiences as she comes to terms with her role in Duncan’s murder.

From her very first entrance, Lady Macbeth displays her great ambition: In some of her first words to her husband, she tells him she fears his nature is “too full o’ the milk of human kindness” to kill Duncan and become King. This Lady Macbeth is cold, calculating, and will do anything to see her ambitions fulfilled. Indeed, in the same scene (the first in which we meet Lady Macbeth) she utters these words:

Come, you spirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here
And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full
Of direst cruelty! 

Here she calls upon the supernatural to strip her of her feminine, nurturing qualities (“unsex me”), and to replace them with the “direst cruelty”. In the same soliloquy (Act I Scene V), she instructs these spirits (‘murdering ministers’) to “Come to [her] woman’s breasts/And take [her] milk for gall”. Lady Macbeth rejects her role as mother and nurturer in favor of ambition. It is interesting that many of Lady Macbeth’s most evil, horrific statements like these involve her rejection of her ‘proper’ role as mother; most notably in Act I Scene VII:

I have given suck, and know
How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me:
I would, while it was smiling in my face,
Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums,
And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you
Have done to this.

I have seen these scenes played with stony anger, or shrill anger, and both of these are perfectly good approaches. I think it would be interesting to play with this a little bit though: it would seem very evil indeed for Lady Macbeth to say these lines flippantly, emphasizing Macbeth’s failure to fulfill his oath rather than the horrific details of Lady Macbeth killing her own child. Having said this, the ‘shrill anger’ approach may help to foreshadow Lady Macbeth’s eventual guilty breakdown.

When Lady Macbeth is in her guilt, I would play her as much more feminine, delicate and damaged than she seemed before. Her breakdown can be seen as a punishment not just for her role in Duncan’s murder, but for her rejection of her femininity. For that reason, it may be helpful for her to act as though she is desperately trying to claw back this lost femininity, which indeed she is: her obsessive hand-washing is her (futile) attempt to cleanse herself of her treacherous act, and part of that treachery is her rejection of her God-given, feminine role as mother and nurturer. 

Why might the dad be unhappy about the engagement in "Marriage is a Private Affair"?

Nnaemeka's dad is named Okeke. At the beginning of "Marriage is a Private Affair," Nnaemeka and Nene are discussing Okeke's possible reaction to the engagement the young lovers have planned. Nnaemeka knows that Okeke very likely will be "uhappy about the engagement" because Nnaemeka is not following Ibo tradition in his native Nigeria. Nnaemeka moved to the big city of Lagos; however, Okeke still expects that his son will adhere to the traditions of his...

Nnaemeka's dad is named Okeke. At the beginning of "Marriage is a Private Affair," Nnaemeka and Nene are discussing Okeke's possible reaction to the engagement the young lovers have planned. Nnaemeka knows that Okeke very likely will be "uhappy about the engagement" because Nnaemeka is not following Ibo tradition in his native Nigeria. Nnaemeka moved to the big city of Lagos; however, Okeke still expects that his son will adhere to the traditions of his rural Ibo village. Instead, Nnaemeka falls in love with Nene and decides to marry her.  

There are three specific Ibo traditions that are broken and might cause Okeke to be "unhappy." First, in order to marry Nene, Nnaemeka has to refuse marriage to an Ibo maiden chosen by Okeke. Second, Nene does not fit the mold of an Ibo maiden because she works as a teacher (which Okeke claims is against the Bible). Finally (and most importantly), Okeke will be unhappy because Nene is not of the Ibo tribe. In fact, Okeke is so unhappy with Nnaemeka's choice of wife that he refuses to acknowledge his son or his son's family for eight years.

What is standardization? What is an example of a company that uses standardization?

From a business standpoint, standardization refers to the practice of maintaining some level of consistency in the product or service that a company provides. You’ve probably heard the term applied to manufacturing—a “standardized product”. It’s roughly the same idea in business. 

A company wants to produce a consistent product so consumers will know what they’re buying. Say, for instance, a bakery produces loaves of wheat bread. Every day they try to make bread that follows...

From a business standpoint, standardization refers to the practice of maintaining some level of consistency in the product or service that a company provides. You’ve probably heard the term applied to manufacturing—a “standardized product”. It’s roughly the same idea in business. 

A company wants to produce a consistent product so consumers will know what they’re buying. Say, for instance, a bakery produces loaves of wheat bread. Every day they try to make bread that follows the same recipe as the day before, because a customer who liked the previous day's bread expects to buy the same thing the next day. This ensures that the customer is buying the same quality good that they expected to buy. Standardization also provides brand recognition (all iPhones share a standard, recognizable appearance) and consumer loyalty (again, iPhones have a reputation for working well, so consumers trust that wherever they can buy an iPhone it will have that same quality).

Perhaps one of the most common examples of standardization is in chain restaurants. Take Taco Bell, for example. At every Taco Bell chain, the parent company dictates a specific recipe for all the food offered (and a specific way of preparing, packaging, and serving it) so that a person ordering a quesadilla in Arizona is getting the same experience as a person ordering a quesadilla in Maine.

Below, I’ve included links to a source to explain the concept of standardization further, as well as a link to another question that addresses a different example of standardization.

How does the author make you feel pity for Margot?

The author of All Summer in a Daywrote it in the style of a classic tragedy meant to evoke pity and also some fear on the part of the reader. Though far from a scary story, the author does succeed in describing the events so that the reader can understand Margot's fear. The tragedy comes in the form of cruelty against Margot and a deep sense of loss from missing a very rare couple...

The author of All Summer in a Day wrote it in the style of a classic tragedy meant to evoke pity and also some fear on the part of the reader. Though far from a scary story, the author does succeed in describing the events so that the reader can understand Margot's fear. The tragedy comes in the form of cruelty against Margot and a deep sense of loss from missing a very rare couple of hours of sunlight. It is this tragic event that makes the reader feel pity for Margot.

The author succeeds in evoking feelings of pity for her through the descriptive language that describes both the dark and dreary continuous rainstorms and the wonder of a couple of hours of brilliant sunshine that comes only once every seven years. Pity for Margot comes when she is locked in a closet by the other children and robbed of the chance to see the sun. Prior to the event of being locked in the closet, the author describes how Margot is isolated, an outsider set apart from the rest of the children. Before Margot is ever locked in the closet and robbed of the sun, the reader feels sorry for her which only makes the cruel act of the children evoke more pity.

How does Faber respond to Captain Beatty's dream?

Guy Montag receives a small listening device from Faber, called a green bullet, that allows the two of them to communicate back and forth without anyone knowing. Montag places the bullet in his ear while Faber listens and can speak to him from his home. It's not unlike the cell phone earpieces used today, but this device hides within the ear canal. This allows Faber to hear Captain Beatty when he tells Montag about the dream he has. The dream centers around Beatty and Montag having "a furious debate on books" (106). As Captain Beatty describes the details of the dream to Montag, Faber can hear every word. Faber can also respond to Beatty so that only Montag can hear him. For example, when Beatty says, "Stick with the firemen, Montag. All else is dreary chaos," Faber counters by saying, "Don't listen. . . He's trying to confuse. He's slippery. Watch out!" (106).

Captain Beatty continues to describe his dream, which is really a debate about how books are bad and the firemen are good. His arguments are very convincing, too; so much so that Beatty affects Montag in the following way:

"Montag's head whirled sickeningly. He felt beaten unmercifully on the brow, eyes, nose, lips, chin, on shoulders, on up-flailing arms. He wanted to yell, 'No! Shut up, you're confusing things, stop it!'" (107).

Faber can hear all of this debate and he knows that Montag is getting confused due to the verbal and psychological beating he is enduring. Faber does his best to calm Montag down since he is not able to be there in person for him by saying, "Montag, hold on! . . . He's muddying the waters!" (107). Before Faber can say anything else, though, an alarm sounds for the firemen to go burn a house down and Faber remains powerless at his home as he waits for another moment in which he can help Montag again. Therefore, Faber's response to Captain Beatty's dream is not to listen to his arguments because Beatty twists facts and words from books to support his own claim against them.

What are some examples of Romeo being emotionally immature in Romeo and Juliet?

Though Romeo's age is never given in Shakespeare's play he is probably around 18 or 19. In today's world 18 year-olds do not marry 13 year-olds, but during the 16th century, it was perfectly acceptable. We also know that he is old enough to be able to kill a man, as witnessed by his slaying of Tybalt in Act III. 

From the beginning, Romeo displays behavior that could be considered immature. Benvolio tells Romeo's father...

Though Romeo's age is never given in Shakespeare's play he is probably around 18 or 19. In today's world 18 year-olds do not marry 13 year-olds, but during the 16th century, it was perfectly acceptable. We also know that he is old enough to be able to kill a man, as witnessed by his slaying of Tybalt in Act III. 

From the beginning, Romeo displays behavior that could be considered immature. Benvolio tells Romeo's father that he often sees Romeo alone in a grove of sycamores. Montague says in Act I, Scene 1,

Many a morning hath he there been seen,
With tears augmenting the fresh morning’s dew,
Adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs.
But all so soon as the all-cheering sun
Should in the farthest east begin to draw
The shady curtains from Aurora’s bed,
Away from light steals home my heavy son
And private in his chamber pens himself,
Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out,
And makes himself an artificial night.
Black and portentous must this humor prove,
Unless good counsel may the cause remove.

We find out that Romeo's depression is caused by his unrequited love for Rosaline, who spurns his advances and says she will live "chaste." Rather than accept this rejection and move on, Romeo dwells on the topic. Through a litany of oxymorons, Romeo complains to Benvolio Act I, Scene 1,

Why then, O brawling love, O loving hate,
O anything of nothing first create!
O heavy lightness, serious vanity,
Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms,
Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health,
Still-waking sleep that is not what it is!
This love feel I, that feel no love in this.
Dost thou not laugh?

Of course, Romeo totally forgets Rosaline once he sees Juliet at Capulet's party. Later Friar Lawrence criticizes Romeo for falling in love with Juliet so quickly. He says in Act II, Scene 3,

Young men’s love then lies
Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes.

Shakespeare wants us to believe Romeo is truly in love but, on the surface, we may see an immature young man who falls for the first pretty face he comes across. During the balcony scene, instead of taking a little time to get to know Juliet and consider the situation, Romeo leaps to a marriage proposal. For her part, Juliet is perfectly willing to wait, but, when she tries to adjourn to her bedroom he presses her for an admission of love and proposes.

They are married the very next day, even though Friar Lawrence warns Romeo to take things slow. The Friar says in Act II, Scene 6,

These violent delights have violent ends
And in their triumph die, like fire and powder,
Which, as they kiss, consume. The sweetest honey
Is loathsome in his own deliciousness
And in the taste confounds the appetite.
Therefore love moderately. Long love doth so.
Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow.

Romeo ignores the Friar's advice for the rest of his life. He is impetutous in everything he does. He ignores common sense, as well as the edict of the Prince, when he fights Tybalt to get revenge for the killing of Mercutio. Afterward he acts like a child as he whines to the Friar about being banished and unable to see Juliet. Romeo says in Act III, Scene 3,

’Tis torture and not mercy. Heaven is here
Where Juliet lives, and every cat and dog
And little mouse, every unworthy thing,
Live here in heaven and may look on her,
But Romeo may not.

In the final Act Romeo again exhibits his immaturity by plotting his own suicide after hearing of Juliet's death from Balthasar. Instead of confirming the news or checking with the Friar, Romeo launches himself into despair, procures poison, and rushes back to Verona to "lie with Juliet."

At almost every turn Romeo proves to be ill suited to handle the responsibility of love and marriage. He is impatient, prone to depression and willing to act on his slightest urge. Even though he is older he never acts with same level of courage and maturity which Juliet displays throughout the play.  

What was the address of the Center for Retarded Adults at Beekman University in Flowers for Algernon?

Charlie studied at the Center for Retarded Adults, a special program in Beekman University in New York City. His journey to the University begins at work at the bakery. He asks his coworker, Joe Carp, how Joe learned to read, because Charlie wanted to learn too. Joe laughed, but a kind co-worker of Charlie's, Fanny Birden, told him about the Center for Retarded Adults, which she had heard about from her cousin who studied at...

Charlie studied at the Center for Retarded Adults, a special program in Beekman University in New York City. His journey to the University begins at work at the bakery. He asks his coworker, Joe Carp, how Joe learned to read, because Charlie wanted to learn too. Joe laughed, but a kind co-worker of Charlie's, Fanny Birden, told him about the Center for Retarded Adults, which she had heard about from her cousin who studied at Beekman. This is an instance where Charlie shows extraordinary initiative and a thirst for learning, which is a theme in his personality throughout the book. 

Charlie went to the University and by chance the first person he approached was Miss Kinian, who taught at the Center for Retarded Adults. She tells him to register and that she will teach him how to read. We find out the address of the building much later on in the story, when Charlie returns to the Center post-surgery. He is changed; he is now very intelligent and has gained social skills. 

June 6 - I had not been back to the Center for Retarded Adults since the operation,
and the thought of seeing the place was exciting. It's on Twenty-third
Street, east of Fifth Avenue, in an old schoolhouse that has been used by the
Beekman University Clinic for the last five years as a center for experimental education--special classes for the handicapped. The sign outside
on the doorway, framed by the old spiked gateway, is just a gleaming brass plate that says C. R. A. Beekman Extension.

The first time he enters the University and the second show a huge contrast between his abilities and behavior then and now.

What are the two factors that determine an object's thermal energy?

An object's thermal energy is dependent upon its temperature and mass.The higher the temperature of a given quantity of a substance, more is its thermal energy. Similarly, for the same temperature, higher mass of a substance will contain more thermal energy. When we supply heat to a substance, its temperature rises and so is its thermal energy. Consequently, a substance loses its thermal energy and consequently its temperature. The only exception is the phase...

An object's thermal energy is dependent upon its temperature and mass. The higher the temperature of a given quantity of a substance, more is its thermal energy. Similarly, for the same temperature, higher mass of a substance will contain more thermal energy. When we supply heat to a substance, its temperature rises and so is its thermal energy. Consequently, a substance loses its thermal energy and consequently its temperature. The only exception is the phase change, where the substance will change its phase (by absorbing heat), without a change in its temperature. To demonstrate the effect of mass on thermal energy, try heating two different quantities of water and measure their temperature. The container with a higher quantity will need higher heat input for the same temperature rise and hence has higher thermal energy.

Hope this helps.

What are some other causes for the outbreak of World War II?

There were many causes for the outbreak of World War II. Germany was unhappy with the Versailles Treaty. They felt the Versailles Treaty treated them unfairly. Germany didn’t feel it should have to accept responsibility for World War I. Germany also didn’t think the $33 billion in reparations payment was reasonable. Hitler used the Versailles Treaty as a way to develop German nationalism to get revenge for that treaty.

 Another cause of World War II was that the Allies ignored violations of the Versailles Treaty and the aggressive actions of Germany, Japan, and Italy. When Germany moved its military into the Rhineland, no action was taken to stop this from occurring. When Germany invaded Austria, nothing was done about it. When Japan invaded China, the Allies looked the other way. When Italy invaded Ethiopia, again, little was done. Ignoring these aggressive actions encouraged these countries to continue to be aggressive.

 When the Great Britain and France agreed to the Munich Pact, they believed they had saved the world from war. However, when Hitler later broke that agreement, the Allies said any additional taking of land would lead to war. When Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, World War II began. One week prior to the invasion of Poland, Germany signed a non-aggression pact with Russia. This would free Germany from having to fight a two-front war. This allowed Germany to invade Poland, even though they knew it would start a war.

 For the United States, the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor brought us into World War II. We had no choice but to declare war on Japan after the attack at Pearl Harbor.

In the book Lyddie, how is Lyddie's character trait of being brave affected by the setting?

As the novel opens, the setting is the Worthen farm, located in an isolated part of Vermont. The Worthens live in the country with no close neighbors. This means that wild animals pose a danger to the family. Indeed, a black bear pokes its nose into the Worthen cabin in chapter 1, and this allows Lyddie's bravery to shine. She orders her family up into the loft while she stays below, maintaining direct eye contact...

As the novel opens, the setting is the Worthen farm, located in an isolated part of Vermont. The Worthens live in the country with no close neighbors. This means that wild animals pose a danger to the family. Indeed, a black bear pokes its nose into the Worthen cabin in chapter 1, and this allows Lyddie's bravery to shine. She orders her family up into the loft while she stays below, maintaining direct eye contact with the bear. Her willingness to face danger in this way would not have been possible if the setting was a more urban location. 

Lyddie also displays bravery by refusing to go with her mother to Uncle Judah's to await the end of the world. She insists on staying and keeping the farm going with only her and Charlie to do the work. This means that when Charlie leaves for two weeks to bring his mother and sisters to Uncle Judah's, Lyddie is all by herself and must "tend to the cow and horse and protect the house from the wild critters." Staying alone in a modern suburban setting can be scary for teens; for Lyddie to be in the house all by herself for two weeks when the nearest neighbor's house is not even visible from their home requires bravery. 

After Lyddie leaves home to go to work, the other settings require bravery as well. She has to endure sixteen-hour work days at the tavern serving a mistress who is not very kind and sleeping in a windowless hallway. At the textile mill, she faces loud, potentially dangerous equipment and an unethical overseer. These harsh conditions are thankfully beyond what an average American teen today has to face. Bravery means being willing to face danger or pain, and Lyddie shows she can do that whether at home on her own farm, at the tavern, or at the Concord Corporation. 

Which plates are diverging off the west coast of South America?

Nazca Plateis interacting with the South American Plate off the west coast of South America. In fact, Nazca Plate is a converging plate and not a divergent plate. Diverging plates move away from each other, such as African and Arabian Plates. Converging plates move towards each other, as in this case. The Nazca Plate is undergoing subduction (due to higher density of oceanic plate) and is being pulled under the continental South American Plate....

Nazca Plate is interacting with the South American Plate off the west coast of South America. In fact, Nazca Plate is a converging plate and not a divergent plate. Diverging plates move away from each other, such as African and Arabian Plates. Converging plates move towards each other, as in this case. The Nazca Plate is undergoing subduction (due to higher density of oceanic plate) and is being pulled under the continental South American Plate. This subduction is causing the South American Plate to rise up and this has resulted in Andes Mountains. Another characteristic of this oceanic-continental convergence is the volcanoes that form on the surface of continental plate. Strong earthquakes also result from this subduction, as the fragments of subducting plate gets locked in and are suddenly released. 

Hope this helps. 

Why is the world a messed up place?

This is a matter of personal opinion and different people could give different answers.  My own view is that the world is a “messed up place” because it is inhabited by people and people are, by nature, imperfect.

We human beings are inherently selfish.  We are able to overcome this selfishness in many instances, but it seems to be part of who we are.  Because we are selfish, we tend to try to get what...

This is a matter of personal opinion and different people could give different answers.  My own view is that the world is a “messed up place” because it is inhabited by people and people are, by nature, imperfect.

We human beings are inherently selfish.  We are able to overcome this selfishness in many instances, but it seems to be part of who we are.  Because we are selfish, we tend to try to get what is best for us and for other people that we deem to be “like us.”  By trying to get what is best for us and those like us, we tend to make the world “messed up.”

If you think about the ways in which the world is “messed up,” you can see that they are connected to our selfishness and what could be called our “tribalism.”  Radical Muslims are engaging in terrorism because they want more for people “like them,” which they define as people who share their religious beliefs.  We are putting our planet at risk of global warming because we selfishly want more material goods and we do not really care about what happens to our posterity.  People in Europe and America are unwilling to take in refugees in part because they do not want to spend money on people who are not like them and they do not want people who are not like them in their country.  Essentially any problem that you can identify seems to come back to the fact that we human beings are selfish and tribal.  This (in my view) is why the world is a messed up place and why it always has been a messed up place.

What is the importance of Sophie in the Chrysalids?

Sophie is an important character because she is David's, and the reader's, first introduction to a Deviant.  Waknuk society drills into young people's minds that Deviants (people with genetic abnormalities) are practically sub human.  It's for that reason that Deviants are either killed or kicked out of Waknuk society.  But from Sophie, David sees that she is every bit as human as he is.  Sophie illustrates to David and readers that a person's value is...

Sophie is an important character because she is David's, and the reader's, first introduction to a Deviant.  Waknuk society drills into young people's minds that Deviants (people with genetic abnormalities) are practically sub human.  It's for that reason that Deviants are either killed or kicked out of Waknuk society.  But from Sophie, David sees that she is every bit as human as he is.  Sophie illustrates to David and readers that a person's value is not determined by their genetic structuring or their outward appearance.  That's the most important function that she serves in my opinion.  

Sophie is also important to the plot of the novel too.  After she and her family escape to the Fringes, she ends up being pivotal to David's and Rosalind's survival.  She frees them from the Fringes prison and helps them to escape.  Without Sophie, David and his group of telepaths never would have been united with the Sealand woman. 

Where is a quote that shows Tom Buchanan being a jerk in Chapter 2?

Honestly, it is difficult to read any chapter of The Great Gatsby and not find several quotes that show Tom Buchanan is a jerk.  Perhaps the worst thing he does in Chapter 2 is break Myrtle Wilson's nose. 

Tom wants to show off his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, to Nick, and they go to the Wilson's house and garage, where he insults Mr. Wilson and commands Myrtle to get on the train to New York.  They...

Honestly, it is difficult to read any chapter of The Great Gatsby and not find several quotes that show Tom Buchanan is a jerk.  Perhaps the worst thing he does in Chapter 2 is break Myrtle Wilson's nose. 

Tom wants to show off his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, to Nick, and they go to the Wilson's house and garage, where he insults Mr. Wilson and commands Myrtle to get on the train to New York.  They meet up again in New York, where Tom buys Myrtle a dog and then they all proceed to the apartment Tom has leased for Myrtle and himself, their "love nest," where they are joined by Myrtle's sister Catherine and a neighboring couple, the McKees. Everyone gets quite drunk at this party, and Tom and Myrtle have a falling out.  Tom is angry with Myrtle because he wants her to stay in her sexy mistress role and not discuss with him his marriage to Daisy. 

Tom tells her she has no right to even say Daisy's name, and she screams "Daisy" repeatedly.  Then,

Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand" (41).

This breaks up the party. The guests leave, with Myrtle "the despairing figure on the couch bleeding fluently" (42) and Nick leaves Tom and Myrtle to go wait for the next train home.

Tom is a racist, ignorant, unintelligent, domineering, and cheating character.  If he has any redeeming virtues in this novel, I must have missed them. Daisy's remaining with him is a triumph of class solidarity over love and common sense. 

In the 19th century, what were some of the main differences between the beliefs of laissez-faire capitalism and communists?

It was during the nineteenth century that debates raged over the principles and practices of communism and capitalism, two competing economic models. These debates were spurred by industrialisation, the European Revolutions of 1848 and the publication of The Communist Manifesto (in the same year) which really brought economics to the forefront of public debate. But there are some important differences between these two models, which can be summarised as below:

• Capitalism is based on the...

It was during the nineteenth century that debates raged over the principles and practices of communism and capitalism, two competing economic models. These debates were spurred by industrialisation, the European Revolutions of 1848 and the publication of The Communist Manifesto (in the same year) which really brought economics to the forefront of public debate. But there are some important differences between these two models, which can be summarised as below:

• Capitalism is based on the private ownership of the means of production, e.g. factories and businesses. This means that single individuals have complete control. In contrast, communism bans private ownership and the means of production are instead shared by the individual members of a society.


• Capitalism also promotes free competition between business owners and does not invite the government or any other force to intervene. This is where we get the phrase 'laissez-faire' from; it literally means 'to let go.' Under communism, the government is heavily involved in controlling prices and other market conditions.


• Finally, in a capitalist society, prices are determined by the principles of supply and demand. If supply is high, for example, the prices tend to drop and if it is low, prices tend to rise. But under communism, supply and demand are not allowed to control or dictate the economy. It is the government who intervenes to set the price of commodities. 

Determine the angle whose sine is .23345.

If we assume the angle to be say "a" degrees, we have

sin a = 0.23345

We can use either the standard sine tables or a calculator to determine the value of a.

Using a calculator, a = `sin^(-1) 0.23345 = 13.5 degrees`

Thus, the required angle is of 13.5 degrees. It can also be written in radians as `3/40 pi.`

We can carry out the conversion between degrees and radians, by using the fact that...

If we assume the angle to be say "a" degrees, we have

sin a = 0.23345

We can use either the standard sine tables or a calculator to determine the value of a.

Using a calculator, a = `sin^(-1) 0.23345 = 13.5 degrees`

Thus, the required angle is of 13.5 degrees. It can also be written in radians as `3/40 pi.`

We can carry out the conversion between degrees and radians, by using the fact that `2pi`  radians contain 360 degrees.

Since, the sine function is a period function, the same value of sine will be obtained at 166.5 degrees (or, `37/40 pi` ) in the interval [0,`pi` ]. The same values will also be obtained in the next sine curve (spaced by 2`pi` or 360 degrees), that is at `83/40 pi`  and `117/40 pi`. 

Hope this helps.

Why do you think there was no laughing between Mrs. Johansen and her brother as they sat down to talk?

Although there was usually laughter when Mrs. Johansen and her brother, Henrik, when they spoke, there was none on this night because the subjects they were discussing were so serious. The book is set in Denmark in 1943. The Nazis are "relocating" Copenhagen's Jews and the Johansen's friends, the Rosens, are Jewish. The discussion that Annemarie's mother is having with Henrik is about how to save the Rosens from being sent to concentrations camps and...

Although there was usually laughter when Mrs. Johansen and her brother, Henrik, when they spoke, there was none on this night because the subjects they were discussing were so serious. The book is set in Denmark in 1943. The Nazis are "relocating" Copenhagen's Jews and the Johansen's friends, the Rosens, are Jewish. The discussion that Annemarie's mother is having with Henrik is about how to save the Rosens from being sent to concentrations camps and near certain death. Henrik is a fisherman and has been smuggling Jews by boat to Sweden. Annemarie's family takes in her friend, Ellen Rosen, and pretend she is their third daughter, using Lise's baby pictures to explain Ellen's dark hair. The Rosens are successfully smuggled out of Denmark through use of a coffin, Henrik's boat, and a cloth containing a chemical that confuses the Nazi's dogs ability to detect humans.