What is the proper government response to an economic crisis such as the Great Depression?

The answer to this question is largely an opinion response and would depend on the one's own perspective of the role of government.  The Great Depression was probably the world's greatest economic collapse ever.  Two presidents in the United States approached the crisis from different perspectives.  Historians still cannot come to a conclusion as to the effectiveness of either response.

Herbert Hoover believed in a limited government approach in response to the Great Depression.  Hoover...

The answer to this question is largely an opinion response and would depend on the one's own perspective of the role of government.  The Great Depression was probably the world's greatest economic collapse ever.  Two presidents in the United States approached the crisis from different perspectives.  Historians still cannot come to a conclusion as to the effectiveness of either response.

Herbert Hoover believed in a limited government approach in response to the Great Depression.  Hoover believed that the economy would fix itself if the government stayed out of its way.  He also felt that charities and churches should provide security and comfort for those that suffered in the economic collapse. 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, on the other hand, believed that a strong government response was needed to fix the Great Depression.  He ordered government programs that were to oversee the economy, provide relief for the jobless, and supply jobs for those struggling to make ends meet.  

Historians widely acknowledge the role of World War II in ending the Great Depression in the United States.  This was a conflict, however, that plunged the United States into debt.  It would be foolhardy to propose that any country should utilize war as a means for correcting the economy.  

The best response for handling an economic crisis is probably to prevent the crisis from occurring in the first place.  This can, and has been done through manipulation of the interest rates and through taxation policies.  

Should we define minorities in terms of gender as well as race and ethnicity?

I think that the answer to this is a function of our purpose in so defining and also a function of what is meant by "we."  As a general matter, I would say that if our purpose is in protecting minorities from discrimination and if "we" are the law and society, then we should define females as minorities.  I would add the caveat that we are coming to understand that "gender" is a far more complex concept than we knew heretofore. 

The term "minority" is not the best term to use in this discussion, since there are so many instances in which a numerical majority is being discriminated against. For example, in the South, before the Civil War, I would guess there were many places in which African-Americans were the majority of the population. And certainly, there are places where females are in the majority.  In neither example did or does the group's numbers protect against any number of forms of discrimination. 

In the law, the reference is always to "protected class." These are classes of people we have chosen to protect against discrimination, and gender has been a protected class since the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as have been race, color, and ethnicity, in the form of ancestry or national origin. 

Now, if our purpose, that is, the purpose of law and society, is to protect people from discrimination on the basis of their gender and the term "minority" is used to signify this, then I think we should continue to use this definition, as we have for over fifty years now.  This is an acknowledgement that males and females can be and are treated differently, in any number of different contexts.  The glass ceiling persists, women are often discriminated against in male-dominated environments, and men are often discriminated against in female-dominated environments.  There is nothing to suggest that these problems have gone away, just as there is nothing to suggest we are living in a post-racial or post-ethnic world. 

Having said all of that, there is a general consensus that "gender" is a social construct, that "sex" is a biological construct, and that neither is as clearly defined as we once thought. We are coming to understand, for instance, that people are sometimes born in a biological state that is completely incompatible with what they feel is should be their sex, or with attributes of both sexes, and that even chromosome testing is not completely definitive. We have people who are male and who live as females and females who live as males. This is not nearly as binary as we once believed. 

Nevertheless, given the purpose of defining gender as "minority" to be to protect people from discrimination on the basis of gender, the complexity of gender and sex should not really matter at all.  The whole point to law and society labeling a group as a minority is to acknowledge that a group is treated as "the other" by society, and that this group is in need of protection. The law and society cannot eradicate prejudice, but we can discourage discrimination by this means. 

Describe how the immune system of a person without AIDS would respond to the flu virus.

The immune system of our body fights against any infection and protects us. In case of an attack by flu virus (or influenza virus), the two components of our immune system: innate and adaptive immune systems, work together to protect us and cleanse the infecting viruses from our body. The innate immune system responds first to the influenza infection and adaptive immune system starts the response a little later. 

In the first stage of immune...

The immune system of our body fights against any infection and protects us. In case of an attack by flu virus (or influenza virus), the two components of our immune system: innate and adaptive immune systems, work together to protect us and cleanse the infecting viruses from our body. The innate immune system responds first to the influenza infection and adaptive immune system starts the response a little later. 

In the first stage of immune system's action, the innate immune system is activated within hours and its activity lasts for few days (3-5 days); making it the first line of body defense (against infection). The pathogen recognition receptors recognize the foreign microbes by identifying certain molecules associate with infectious agents that are not associated with a healthy body. In response to the infection, interferons are released; this causes activation of natural killer cells which destroy infected epithelial cells. 

Adaptive immune system, takes over from innate immune system after a few days and clears the body of the foreign infection. Both the humoral and cell-mediated immunity participate in the process. The humoral immunity is affected by the B-cells, while the cell-mediated immunity is affected by T-cells (CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic cells); giving us long lasting protection from specific viral strains.

This is, in nutshell, how our immune system fights off influenza infection in a healthy (HIV-negative) body. Interestingly, the flu vaccines have to be updated every year to account for changes in the flu virus (in response to selective antibody activity against prevalent viral strain).

Hope this helps. 

How does the pier-glass relate to Della in "The Gift of the Magi"?

The pier glass, a long, narrow mirror designed to fit between two windows, offers Della a solution to her dilemma of what she can give her beloved husband for Christmas.

When Della looks in this pier glass, agilely moving so that she develops the full image of herself in the narrow mirror, she notices in each single, narrow image her luxurious hair. She realized that this beautiful hair is worth money because at the turn...

The pier glass, a long, narrow mirror designed to fit between two windows, offers Della a solution to her dilemma of what she can give her beloved husband for Christmas.

When Della looks in this pier glass, agilely moving so that she develops the full image of herself in the narrow mirror, she notices in each single, narrow image her luxurious hair. She realized that this beautiful hair is worth money because at the turn of the twentieth century, the setting of this story, women with lovely hair could sell it for hairpieces for wealthy women.

Della's beautiful hair fell about her, rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her.

On an impulse, Della dons her old brown hat and her jacket and hurries lest she change her mind. Arriving at a shop with the sign "Madame Sofronie. Hair Goods of All Kinds," she asks if Mme. Sofronie will buy her hair. Lifting Della's hair and examining it, the woman offers her twenty dollars. Now, with this money, Della can buy her husband a gift worthy of him. Had she not looked in the pier glass, Della may not have thought of selling her hair.

Can someone tell me how endothermic reactions in solutions absorb energy so the temperature drops? I think that the heat and temperature are in...

You are correct that heat and temperature are related. Heat is thermal energy, and energy is defined as the ability to do work. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules. When a substance gains heat energy its particles move faster and therefore it's temperature increases. Conversely, when the particles of a substance lose energy and move more slowly the temperature of the substance drops. The temperature change resulting from the gain...

You are correct that heat and temperature are related. Heat is thermal energy, and energy is defined as the ability to do work. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules. When a substance gains heat energy its particles move faster and therefore it's temperature increases. Conversely, when the particles of a substance lose energy and move more slowly the temperature of the substance drops. The temperature change resulting from the gain of a specific amount of energy is indeed directly proportional to heat but varies for different substances according to the equation 

`q = mcDeltaT`

Where q is the heat absorbed or released,  `Delta` T is the temperature change, c is the specific heat capacity for the substance, and m is the mass is kg. Heat capacity relates the amount of heat a substance absorbs to its temperature change.

Your confusion seems to be in the fact that the absorption of energy seemingly causes a decrease in temperature, but that's not really the case. The heat aborbed during an endothermic reaction is absorbed by the reactants as products are formed. It's is absorbed FROM the surroundings. The surroundings, such as the reaction vessel, therefore become cooler. If an endothermic reaction takes place in aqueous solution the temperature of the solution decreases as energy is absorbed from the water. Here's a pneumonic to help you remember this:

exothermic - heat exits the reacting substances (goes to surroundings)

endothermic - heat enters the reacting substances (leaves surroundings)

In The Giver, how does the setting affect the main character's attitude and actions?

By main character, you must be referring to Jonas, and one could argue that he acts both obediently and rebelliously as a result of the setting.

He acts obediently, as all members of the society do, throughout most of the book. He follows the rules and routine of the community and does not, at least outwardly, question them. In this way, he is responding directly to the setting in which he lives. He lives in...

By main character, you must be referring to Jonas, and one could argue that he acts both obediently and rebelliously as a result of the setting.

He acts obediently, as all members of the society do, throughout most of the book. He follows the rules and routine of the community and does not, at least outwardly, question them. In this way, he is responding directly to the setting in which he lives. He lives in an orderly community that dictates everything he does. He does as he is told and nothing more. He knows no other setting.

As he begins to learn about the way society used to be, however, he does begin to question why the community has chosen to be the way it is now. In moving to Sameness, he recognizes that individuals gave up their freedom and ability to choose for themselves. This causes him to want to have more freedom and to want to have choices. This is when he begins to rebel against this dystopian setting he has been living in all of his life and ultimately escape it.

What are some of the reasons that Lennie and Curley have a conflicting relationship in Of Mice and Men?

It should be noted that part of John Steinbeck's technique in Of Mice and Men is to create conflict in every chapter of the story. In order for a story to be interesting it must be dramatic. The poet Robert Frost has said:

Everything written is as good as it is dramatic. It need not declare itself in form, but it is drama or nothing.

Drama always involves conflict. It could be inner conflict, or external conflict, or both at the same time. Steinbeck's story does not have an obvious ongoing conflict throughout the book. Instead, he presents a series of conflicts. For example, in the first chapter there is a conflict between George and Lennie over a mouse. Then there is a bigger quarrel in which George berates Lennie for his chronic misbehavior and Lennie offers to go away and live by himself. George also shows that he has an inner conflict. He feels that Lennie is becoming an increasingly heavy burden, but he feels obligated to keep Lennie with him so that he can look after him.

Then in the second chapter the two men just want to sign on and get their bunks. But Steinbeck creates a purely gratuitous conflict between George and the Boss. There seems to be a good possibility that George and Lennie might not get their jobs, even after traveling all this way from San Francisco.

In the next chapter, Steinbeck creates a minor conflict between George and Candy over the can of bug powder. This is just conflict for the sake of conflict. A much bigger conflict develops when Curley enters the bunkhouse and picks a quarrel with both George and Lennie. Steinbeck is following his set plan of creating conflicts to hold the reader's interest.

Curley and Lennie have a conflicting relationship because Lennie gets off to a wrong start by refusing to talk to Curley. 

George said, "S'pose he don't want to talk?"

Curley lashed his body around. "By Christ, he's gotta talk when he's spoke to. What the hell are you gettin' into it for?"

Lennie is experiencing his own inner conflict because George told him not to talk and Curley is telling him he has to talk. Lennie is not competent to handle such internal conflicts.

Candy explains that Curley hates big guys because he is a little guy. He is always trying to pick fights with big guys. Curley is portrayed as a man with an inferiority complex because of his small size. This explains why he has developed his muscles and taken up boxing.

Another apparent reason for Curley's conflict with Lennie is that he thinks Lennie is afraid of him. Lennie is really afraid of getting into trouble. Curley will eventually make the mistake of hitting Lennie viciously for no reason. This will lead to one of the biggest conflicts in the book--the brief fight between these two men. Lennie crushes Curley's hand. After this Curley hates him and will want to kill him when Curley's dead wife is discovered in the barn.

There are many other conflicts in the book, including the conflict between Candy and Carlson, who wants to kill Candy's old dog. The climactic conflict occurs in the barn when Lennie gets a grip on Curley's wife's soft curls and won't let go. 

"Don't you go yellin'," he said, and he shook her; and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie had broken her neck.

There is no reasoning with Curley. He leads the other men in a lynching party. It is a moot question whether he wants revenge for his wife's apparent murder or for his mangled hand. George prevents Curley from having his complete revenge, but George must be experiencing an intense inner conflict over what he should do. He seems to have many alternatives, including helping Lennie escape. But all the conflicts end when George fires a single shot with Carlson's gun.

What are the pros and cons of election of judges by legislature?

Legislative election of judges is a method of judge selection in which the state legislature votes to select the judges that will serve on the general jurisdiction and appellate courts within the state.  There are only two states in the nation that currently use this method of judicial selection; these states are Virginia and South Carolina.  The general assembly of these two states vote for the judges that will serve on the bench.  In South Carolina, this is done by a combination of both chambers of the general assembly voting together whereas in Virginia, the chambers vote as separate units with the winning candidate being the one who garners the majority of the vote in each chamber.

The pros of this type of judicial selection include:  ensuring that the judges are accountable to the people because those who selected them are subject to public vote, allows candidates to be effectively screened, knowledgeable people select the judges, reduces the need to campaign and the legislature is held accountable for the judges that they select.  Thus, ensuring accountability is a major reason for the legislative election of judges.

The cons of this type of selection include:  the judiciary may be partisan, the people to not have a direct say in the judges on the bench, and the judges may be to closely connected to certain members of the legislature and thus not be unbiased.  Thus, the major drawback is that it leads to biased judges who represent a certain political party.

Did Nathaniel Hawthorne mean for The Scarlet Letter to be a feminist novel?

Arguably, the answer is yes. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that this was done purposely, and there is also supporting history showing that Hawthorne was, in fact, a huge supporter of specific women in history, Anne Hutchinson (whom he mentions in the novel), being definitely one of them. 

While the novel can be considered "proto" feminist (published before the actual feminist movement of the late 1960s itself), it definitely has more than enough ways to show Hester as a progressive and independent woman of her time. 

First, Hester can exist as a character of her own. If she were not a character, she would be a completely independent and self-sufficient woman; this is something that was simply not seen in the 17th century, when the novel is set. 

Second, Hester defies the system and strongly defends her pregnancy, her right to keep the name of the out-of-wedlock father secret, and her right to keep her daughter, even in front of the magistrate. She stands up for herself in the face of the Reverend Mr. Wilson, Chillingworth, Dimmesdale, the villagers, and (sometimes) even Pearl. She makes dealings with sailors, tends the deathbed of Governor Winthrop, and goes in and out of her dwelling as she sees fit. She is the master of her days and nights. That is much more than any woman of her time would have done for herself. 

Hester carries out the punishment of the scarlet letter, and gets out of prison to live life as a single mother, and as a pariah of the village. This, she does shamelessly and in complete awareness of what is coming her way. Still, rather than engaging in the futility of expecting Dimmesdale to acknowledge her, or Pearl, she moves on with her life the best way that she knows how. 

Hester also changes, as a person and as a woman. Her scarlet letter had left her "able", and turned her into a heroine of the people. She is also stronger, less passionate, more immersed into thought; she is a full person whose punishing, scarlet letter

....was the symbol of her calling.

Therefore, Hawthorne gifts the reader with a female main character who is, in laymen terms, "no-nonsense". Rather than presenting an ornamental female playing the role of damsel in distress, he gives us someone comparable to "the sainted Anne Hutchinson", who also removes herself from mainstream society to fulfill what she believed was her mission in life. 

What is the symbolism of the island in Lord of the Flies?

In the novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the island represents the microcosm of the world the boys have left behind.  The island is by itself with no other people nearby, so the boys have space to create their own ideal world. As they are civilized British boys, the reader would expect the island to be run as they have been taught--with rules, leaders etc.  However, as the reader soon learns, the island as a symbol of their world and how they will create it turns into a deadly mockery of the original idea.  As a microcosm of the "civilized world" they left behind which is currently at war, the boys soon reflect the  image of war among themselves, with two leaders, Ralph and Jack, at war with each other just as they are in the world outside of the island.  Only the navy captain's appearance at the end of the novel, saves Ralph from death, and the boys board the ship, leaving the microcosm of the island to return to the macrocosm of the world outside of the island.  Both the island and the outside world are like each other with death and destruction happening in war.

Why were The Canterbury Tales important in Geoffrey Chaucer's time, and why are they important now?

Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Talesis a vast and sweeping work that grapples with many important issues, so it's impossible to answer this question by providing all the reasons why the poem was and continues to be relevant. As such, my answer will involve my own particular interpretation, and you should be aware that other scholars might choose to focus on other important themes. For my part, however, I believe that the innovative interplay of...

Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales is a vast and sweeping work that grapples with many important issues, so it's impossible to answer this question by providing all the reasons why the poem was and continues to be relevant. As such, my answer will involve my own particular interpretation, and you should be aware that other scholars might choose to focus on other important themes. For my part, however, I believe that the innovative interplay of social classes is what makes Chaucer's masterpiece stand out. 

The poem features the interaction of many different social groups and classes of people, from the high and mighty Knight to simple craftsmen, such as the Carpenter. By doing so, Chaucer illustrates a society striking in its diversity, and we're treated to multiple perspectives based on the social standing of different characters. This exploration of differing ideas and viewpoints would have been important in Chaucer's day, and it has only become more relevant in contemporary society. In a time when the middle class faces heavier financial burdens and the poor are becoming poorer and the rich more wealthy, it's important to remember that our society is composed of vast numbers of people from different walks of life. We do not need only the perspectives of the upper classes (which, in Chaucer's poem, would have been represented by the Knight). Instead, we need many different views from all members of society, including the perspectives of people like the Carpenter, the Weaver, the Yeoman and the Plowman, Chaucer's characters from more "humble" origins. 

Using a dictionary, look up the word “apocalypse.” How does this term and all its various meanings and related notions apply to pages 205-273...

Ordinarily, asking about apocalyptic conditions in Zeitoun would relate to the destruction of the city of New Orleans, but asking about this in regards to the portion of the book in which Abdulrahman is imprisoned brings up a different set of issues. The word "apocalypse," which in Merriam-Webster's dictionary is defined as "a sudden and very bad event that causes much fear, loss, or destruction," can best be related to this portion of the book...

Ordinarily, asking about apocalyptic conditions in Zeitoun would relate to the destruction of the city of New Orleans, but asking about this in regards to the portion of the book in which Abdulrahman is imprisoned brings up a different set of issues. The word "apocalypse," which in Merriam-Webster's dictionary is defined as "a sudden and very bad event that causes much fear, loss, or destruction," can best be related to this portion of the book by discussing the ideas of how, after a disaster like Katrina, the ruling powers will often resort to Draconian measures to restore the social order, which is dominated by fear.

In order to placate the fears of those after Hurricane Katrina, perfectly legitimate members of society, like Abdulrahman Zeitoun were placed in prisons described like this:

"Chain-link fences, topped by razor wife, had been erected into a long, sixteen-foot-high cage extending about a hundred yards into the lot. Above the cage was a roof, a freestanding shelter like those at gas stations. The barbed wire extended to meet it."

These quickly constructed cages seem to be necessities in post-apocalyptic worlds to suppress any violence or anything that might interfere in the ruling powers' attempt to regain control.

In this real-life case, Abdulrahman, Nassar, and Todd did not evacuate the city when ordered to. These men became non-people. They lost all rights and all ability to communicate to the outside world. American laws, like the right to trial, were abandoned in favor of indefinite internment.  

In conclusion, the best way to apply the word "apocalypse" in this book is to discuss the authoritarian treatment of the people remaining in New Orleans as "post-apocalyptic."

Please explain the following quote, "But I must get him close, close, close," he thought. "I mustn't try for the head. I must get the heart. Be...

Santiago has been battling this marlin in the heat of the day for a while now. He is tired and beginning to get weak from the fight. He needs to harpoon the fish and get it off his line, but a head shot would not guarantee death and he cannot risk not killing it. If he only injures it, he would then have lost his harpoon and still be battling the marlin. He knows if...

Santiago has been battling this marlin in the heat of the day for a while now. He is tired and beginning to get weak from the fight. He needs to harpoon the fish and get it off his line, but a head shot would not guarantee death and he cannot risk not killing it. If he only injures it, he would then have lost his harpoon and still be battling the marlin. He knows if he is going to kill it, he needs a sure shot, and that is a shot to the heart.

By saying, "Be calm and strong old man," he is essentially talking himself up...giving himself confidence to make the shot. He can "only see in flashes now" and his hand are "all mushy" because he is so tired and weak. He is trying to gather himself so that he can do what needs to be done, otherwise this battle has been for nothing.

Who is Calpurnia? What is her place in the Finch household?

Calpurnia is the Finch’s’ black maid who has cooked and cleaned for the family since Jem was born.  Atticus is a widower, and Calpurnia steps in and takes the role of a surrogate mother for Scout and Jem.  She comes in each day, takes care of the house, and she watches Scout and Jem while Atticus is at work.  Calpurnia runs a “tight ship” at the Finch house.  Calpurnia is more of a disciplinarian that...

Calpurnia is the Finch’s’ black maid who has cooked and cleaned for the family since Jem was born.  Atticus is a widower, and Calpurnia steps in and takes the role of a surrogate mother for Scout and Jem.  She comes in each day, takes care of the house, and she watches Scout and Jem while Atticus is at work.  Calpurnia runs a “tight ship” at the Finch house.  Calpurnia is more of a disciplinarian that Atticus, and Scout describes her as “all angles and bones . . .her hand was wide as a bed slat and twice as hard.”   Scout also says that their battles were “epic and one-sided . . . Calpurnia always won.”  Calpurnia does love the children very much and disciplines them to show her love.  She is the opposite of Atticus who rarely disciplines the children.  Instead, he “discusses” problems with Scout and Jem.  Calpurnia has a good relationship with Atticus; he trusts her to take care of the children. Calpurnia is more than just “the help.”  She is a member of the family who guides, teaches, and protects Scout and Jem throughout the novel. 

What reasons does Martin Luther King Jr. give to support his thesis in his "I Have a Dream" speech?

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s thesis in his "I Have a Dream" speech is that, even 100 years after Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, the African American "still is not free." To support his thesis, King points to such injustices as segregation, discrimination, and poverty.King uses many references to segregation to illustrate the harshness of its reality. For example, he points out that weary African-American travelers are denied admittance to motels and...

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s thesis in his "I Have a Dream" speech is that, even 100 years after Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, the African American "still is not free." To support his thesis, King points to such injustices as segregation, discrimination, and poverty.

King uses many references to segregation to illustrate the harshness of its reality. For example, he points out that weary African-American travelers are denied admittance to motels and hotels. He further points out that African American children must face signs that say "For Whites Only," signs that rob them of fully wanting to express themselves as African Americans and of their self-respect.

To illustrate the harsh reality of poverty, King points out that most African Americans are living in slums and ghettos and can only move "from a smaller ghetto to a larger one."

To illustrate the harsh realities of discrimination, King describes the discrimination his children face, pleading for it to end.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

Additionally, King illustrates his points by referencing racist Alabama Governor George Wallace and his attempts to bar African-American students from enrolling in schools, nine years after the decision of Brown v. Board of Education declared segregation in schools unconstitutional.

What is the significant technique used in the story "The Sniper"?

The most noticeable technique in "The Sniper" is the surprise ending. This also goes by the name of the "O. Henry ending" since O. Henry was known to use surprise endings in his short fiction. In the story, the sniper is a Republican soldier fighting in the Irish Civil War. In the process of engaging with an enemy sniper, he kills a woman and another soldier in an armored car. The sniper tricks his...

The most noticeable technique in "The Sniper" is the surprise ending. This also goes by the name of the "O. Henry ending" since O. Henry was known to use surprise endings in his short fiction. In the story, the sniper is a Republican soldier fighting in the Irish Civil War. In the process of engaging with an enemy sniper, he kills a woman and another soldier in an armored car. The sniper tricks his enemy and is able to kill him. When he goes to the street to see his enemy's dead body, he looks "into his brother's face." This revelation is certainly a surprise, especially if it is taken literally. Even figuratively speaking, the sniper could feel like he had killed his brother since civil war is often called a battle of brother against brother. 

The other term that describes this revelation is anagnorisis. This is a Greek term that means "recognition." A famous example of this is in Oedipus Rex when the main character, Oedipus, realizes he's fulfilled a prophecy by killing his father and marrying his mother. The sniper has a dramatic moment of recognition when he realizes he's killed his brother. 

In what ways are Madame Bovary and As I Lay Dying similar and different?

The female protagonists in both Madame Bovary and As I lay Dying are similar in the sense that both were women who were deeply unhappy in their marriages.

In Madame Bovary, Emma finds that marriage is a suffocating experience. Her country-doctor husband, Charles, is infatuated with his beautiful wife, but Emma finds his unsophisticated affection annoying. Somehow, married life fails to meet her expectations, and she finds it difficult to reconcile the 'felicity, passion, and rapture' found within the pages of a romance novel with her seemingly monotonous existence. The subsequent birth of her daughter, Berthe, fails to rouse her emotional lethargy. In due time, she has affairs with two men, Leon and Rodolphe, who both disappoint her. In As I Lay Dying, Addie Bundren, the matriarch of an impoverished Southern family, is unhappily married to Anse. One of her five children, Jewel, is the product of her love affair with the Reverend Whitfield. As the novel begins, Addie is dying. In the two stories, both heroines sought comfort in extra-marital affairs, but the results were less than satisfying to both.

As we compare both stories, we discover that Addie and Emma were indifferent to their husbands while they lived.Yet, although both Emma and Addie die in their respective stories, Emma's death is the result of suicide. She poisons herself after her last meeting with Rodolphe fails to produce the three thousand francs she needs to save her family from financial ruin; Emma dies in horrible pain, despairing of all hope. Meanwhile, Addie dies in a paradoxical spirit of penitence and defiance. By all accounts, she resigns herself to the judgment of God for her sins, but remains stubborn in reference to Jewel, the product of her adulterous affair. In fact, Cora Tull, Addie's neighbor is incensed when she realizes that Addie regards Jewel as her salvation

He is my cross and he will be my salvation. He will save me from, the water and from the fire. Even though I have laid down my life, he will save me.

So, while Emma in Madame Bovary forged no lasting affection with her legitimate daughter, Berthe, Addie in As I Lay Dying viewed her illegitimate offspring as the only good product from a sinful dalliance. In fact, Addie's words are prescient. Jewel does 'save' his mother by retrieving her coffin from the river, and later, by dragging her coffin out of Gillespie's burning barn.

Other differences include the setting of both stories. Madame Bovary was set in Southern France in the 19th Century, while As I Lay Dying was set in the southern United States in the 20th Century.

In Madame Bovary, Emma's husband, Charles, loved his wife to distraction, even after her death.

Everyone, he thought, had adored her. Every man, of course, had wanted her. It made her seem even more beautiful; and it engendered in him a harsh perpetual desire, inflaming his despair, a desire that had no limits because it could never now be realized.

Sadly for him, Charles discovers love letters from Leon and Rodolphe to his wife after her death. Devastated, he takes to the bottle, and subsequently dies of a broken heart. On the other hand, Anse doesn't seem especially affected by the death of his wife, Addie. At the end of the story, he proudly introduces his children to his love, the new Mrs. Bundren.

Hope this helps!

In Arsenic and Old Lace, when does Act II take place?

The play Arsenic and Old Lace takes place on a September day in "present time," which, when it was written, was 1939. The play opens in the afternoon. Act II of the play takes place "later that night."

In Act I during the afternoon, Mortimer discovers a dead body in the window seat in the house of his two aunts. He thinks at first that his brother, Teddy (who thinks he is President Theodore Roosevelt),...

The play Arsenic and Old Lace takes place on a September day in "present time," which, when it was written, was 1939. The play opens in the afternoon. Act II of the play takes place "later that night."

In Act I during the afternoon, Mortimer discovers a dead body in the window seat in the house of his two aunts. He thinks at first that his brother, Teddy (who thinks he is President Theodore Roosevelt), is the one who killed the man. He soon discovers that his two elderly aunts killed the man. They have been murdering men for awhile. Teddy thinks that he is digging the Panama Canal in the cellar. That is where the aunts secretly bury the bodies.

Near the end of Act I, Mortimer's brother, Jonathan, arrives with his doctor. The two aunts are uneasy about Jonathan's presence. He has had facial surgery and they do not recognize him. Jonathan's presence in the house is sinister.

Act II takes place near the middle of the play. When it begins, all of the main characters have been introduced. It is already clear that the two aunts are murderers. All of Act II takes place in the same evening over a relatively short period of time.

When Act II begins, Jonathan and his doctor are telling the story of what the last several years for them have been like. They are sitting in the living room in the early evening of the same day the play began. Abby hints that Jonathan should leave for the night, but he makes it clear that he wants to stay in the house. Soon it is revealed that Jonathan and his doctor are looking to bury a body of their own. They decide to bury it in the basement "Panama Canal."

Why does the sniper kill the old woman?

The sniper is fighting on one side (Republican) of the Irish Civil War. From a rooftop, he foolishly lights up a cigarette. The smoke signals his position and the enemy sniper fires at him. On the street below, an armored car approaches. The old woman signals to a soldier from the armored car and points out the position of the sniper. She is an "informer." The sniper is trying to avoid being killed. It is...

The sniper is fighting on one side (Republican) of the Irish Civil War. From a rooftop, he foolishly lights up a cigarette. The smoke signals his position and the enemy sniper fires at him. On the street below, an armored car approaches. The old woman signals to a soldier from the armored car and points out the position of the sniper. She is an "informer." The sniper is trying to avoid being killed. It is a war zone. So, he fires and kills the soldier looking out of the turret. Then he kills the woman, even though she is running away. The sniper reasons that the woman would simply tell another enemy soldier of his position. He kills her in order to keep the enemy from knowing exactly where he is. 

The other, more fundamental, reason the sniper kills her is that he has become accustomed to killing. The narrator describes him as having the face of a student, but one who has become used to violence, war, and death. In this, his adopted mentality of the soldier, he does not hesitate in killing her. His automatic thinking is "kill or be killed." 

What is the national debt and the complexities surrounding it?

It is simple enough to tell you what the national debt is, but it is not possible to know what complexities your professor has discussed in class or what sorts of essay questions he might ask about them.  I would strongly advise that you consult your class notes and/or talk to your professor and any TA you might have.

The national debt is the accumulated money that the United States owes as a country.  When...

It is simple enough to tell you what the national debt is, but it is not possible to know what complexities your professor has discussed in class or what sorts of essay questions he might ask about them.  I would strongly advise that you consult your class notes and/or talk to your professor and any TA you might have.

The national debt is the accumulated money that the United States owes as a country.  When we talk about the national debt, we need to differentiate it from the national deficit.  The deficit is the amount which government revenues fall short of spending in a given year.  The debt is the accumulation of all prior years’ deficits (less a very few years when we had government surpluses). 

That much is straightforward and does not depend on anything that your professor has said.  However, the complexities surrounding the debt have very much to do with what your Professor Hampson has discussed in class.  One complexity might be the fact that different amounts of the debt are owed to different people.  Some of the debt is owed to domestic sources and some to foreign sources.  Those parts of the debt have very different implications for the US.  Another complexity could be the fact that some people believe that it is good to have a debt.  If we could not have a debt, we would lack flexibility to engage in fiscal policy during recessions and we might have a hard time doing things like waging unexpected wars.  Another complexity might be the debate over whether debt “crowds out” private borrowing or whether it actually helps us by creating things like infrastructure that pay off over the long term.  Another complexity might be the difficulty of dealing with the debt when our deficits are so large and so much of our deficit spending is driven by entitlements rather than by discretionary spending that can be cut relatively easily.  All of these are possible complexities about the national debt.  It is very important that you find out which of these complexities have been addressed in your textbook or in class sessions.

Describe the function of government under the Articles of Confederation.

The function of the national government under the Articles of Confederation was very limited. The Articles were described as a "firm league of friendship" rather than a strong central government, and its framers deliberately reserved most of the powers of government to the states. The national government was empowered to mediate between states, establish a national currency, and carry out diplomatic relations (treaties, declarations of war, and so on) with foreign nations. Beyond this, the...

The function of the national government under the Articles of Confederation was very limited. The Articles were described as a "firm league of friendship" rather than a strong central government, and its framers deliberately reserved most of the powers of government to the states. The national government was empowered to mediate between states, establish a national currency, and carry out diplomatic relations (treaties, declarations of war, and so on) with foreign nations. Beyond this, the government, which consisted entirely of a Congress, claimed the power to regulate the process under which new territories would be settled, governed, and admitted, which it did under the Land Ordinance and the Northwest Ordinance. But the government was far more notable for what it could not do than for what it could. It could not tax, regulate commerce, or coerce the state governments in any way. Most of the powers we associate with the federal government were denied to the government under the Articles. These deficiencies led to the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 and the eventual ratification of the Constitution.

In The Crucible, how do suspicion and name-calling among the Salemites contribute to a growing sense of hysteria?

If a person is already suspicious of something or someone, then they are a great deal more willing to respond emotionally and not logically to any news of that event or person.  For example, Mrs. Putnam is already emotional about the deaths of seven of her eight children, and she desperately wants to know the cause.  Despite the fact that some of the children seemed very healthy, they died quickly.  Because she cannot imagine why...

If a person is already suspicious of something or someone, then they are a great deal more willing to respond emotionally and not logically to any news of that event or person.  For example, Mrs. Putnam is already emotional about the deaths of seven of her eight children, and she desperately wants to know the cause.  Despite the fact that some of the children seemed very healthy, they died quickly.  Because she cannot imagine why God would inflict such misfortune on her, she assumes that it must be the work of the Devil, and so she sends her daughter to Tituba to conjure the dead babies' spirits and find out "what person murdered" them.  She is already suspicious of those women who were midwives to her, and so when Tituba accuses one of them, it is all too easy for Mrs. Putnam to believe.  She says, "I knew it!  Goody Osburn were midwife to me three times [....].  My babies always shriveled in her hands!"  In this way, suspicion can lead quickly to hysteria; Mrs. Putnam is too ready to believe the worst, and so she allows her emotions to rule her.

Further, name-calling and accusations heighten emotions and tension among the townspeople and lead to hysteria.  When Giles Corey barges into the court and declares that "Thomas Putnam is reaching out for land," he is essentially calling him a liar.  Immediately, the response is great: "A roaring goes up from the people."  The typically-subdued Puritans seem to lose control.  

Once accusations begin to fly, people have a tendency to fear that they, too, will be accused.  This could lead them to first accuse those people who they suspect might accuse them.  This is what happens with Reverend Parris.  He is so concerned that his enemies will find out that his daughter and niece conjured spirits in the woods, and so he tries to draw attention to qualities that might make others seem suspicious.  Before Giles and John Proctor have a chance to make their case to Danforth, Parris calls them "contentious" and "mischief," respectively.  He accuses them of having ulterior motives when it is really he who does.  All of this only leads to more confusion and heightened emotion.

What special treatment does MeiMei receive in her home in the story "Rules Of the Game?"

This is a great question. As Waverly became better in chess, she had more privileges at home. At first, she did not have to do the dishes.  Her brothers, Winston and Vincent were annoyed at this point, because they had to do her chores.  Later on, when she was becoming even better, she had more privileges.

At one point, she complained that her bedroom was so noisy that she could not think.  So, her mother...

This is a great question. As Waverly became better in chess, she had more privileges at home. At first, she did not have to do the dishes.  Her brothers, Winston and Vincent were annoyed at this point, because they had to do her chores.  Later on, when she was becoming even better, she had more privileges.

At one point, she complained that her bedroom was so noisy that she could not think.  So, her mother moved her brother out into the living room.  Her mother was trying to help Waverly in every way.  After this Waverly complained that she could not work on chess with a full stomach.  Her mother allowed her to leave her plate with uneaten food. Here is what the text says:

My parents made many concessions to allow me to practice. One time I complained that the bedroom I shared was so noisy that I couldn't think. Thereafter, my brothers slept in a bed in the living room facing the street. I said I couldn't finish my rice; my head didn't work right when my stomach was too full. I left the table with half-finished bowls and nobody complained.

From these points, we can see that Waverly's mother tried to help her succeed in chess.  

The only thing that Waverly could not get out of was going with her mother to the market.  This was a source of pride for Waverly's mother. 

What is allegorical about the girl Santiago meets in Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist?

Fatima is the name of the girl with whom Santiago falls in love in Coelho's The Alchemist. She represents romantic love, future family, and settling down. She is also another of the many teachers who teaches the young shepherd boy about the Soul of the World and everyone's connection to their Personal Legend. Fatima understands that love can wait and if Fate has it planned that Fatima and Santiago are meant to be, then they...

Fatima is the name of the girl with whom Santiago falls in love in Coelho's The Alchemist. She represents romantic love, future family, and settling down. She is also another of the many teachers who teaches the young shepherd boy about the Soul of the World and everyone's connection to their Personal Legend. Fatima understands that love can wait and if Fate has it planned that Fatima and Santiago are meant to be, then they will circle back around in life and get married. Basically, Coelho is saying that people should discover themselves and their personal legends before they settle down and stay in one place for the rest of their lives. Fatima understands that the Soul of the World connects everyone to the universe; and if their connection is real, then they will find themselves together again after he finds his treasure and accomplishes his life's goals. Fatima explains it perfectly with the following:

"I'm a desert woman, and I'm proud of that. I want my husband to wander as free as the wind that shapes the dunes. And, if I have to, I will accept the fact that he has become a part of the clouds, and the animals, and the water of the desert"(98).

Describe Fred's personality in A Christmas Carol.

In Stave Three, the Spirit of Christmas Present takes Scrooge to a house where he hears the contagious laugh of his nephew Fred, and he finds himself in a bright, warm room occupied by happy people being entertained by his nephew. 

The second of the three spirits takes Scrooge to see how others wish each other merry Christmas, and how the Cratchits love each other and truly have the spirit of Christmas, although they are...

In Stave Three, the Spirit of Christmas Present takes Scrooge to a house where he hears the contagious laugh of his nephew Fred, and he finds himself in a bright, warm room occupied by happy people being entertained by his nephew. 

The second of the three spirits takes Scrooge to see how others wish each other merry Christmas, and how the Cratchits love each other and truly have the spirit of Christmas, although they are poor. Finally, the spirit takes Scrooge to Fred's house where his jovial nephew makes his guests happy with his contagious good humor. Holding his sides, as his face contorted in enjoyment, Fred laughs heartily, 

"He said that Christmas was a humbug, as I live!....He believed it, too! 

Fred calls his uncle a "comical old fellow," but he adds that Uncle Scrooge pays for his offences because they carry their own punishment. "His wealth is of no use to him. He don't do any good with it. He don't [this was the correct form of the verb in Dicken's' time] make himself comfortable with it." Further, Fred says that he feels sorry for his uncle because he keeps himself lonely when he could come and eat dinner at his house.
But, the persistent Fred insists that he will continue to invite Uncle Scrooge because he loses "pleasanter companions than he can find in his own thoughts." He refuses to give up on providing the Christmas spirit to his uncle. Fred hopes that perhaps he can put Scrooge in "the right heart" to give his clerk fifty pounds. 

Later in the evening, after dinner and tea, Fred and his pretty wife and friends sing--even Topper, the dog howls. Then, they played games: blind-man's buff, and others. One of these was a guessing game. Fred gave description after description answering "yes" or "no" until someone guessed "Scrooge." So, Scrooge finds himself the butt of Fred's good-humored joking. 

Clearly, Scrooge's nephew Fred, the son of his sister, is a good-natured young man who is loved by his pretty wife and greatly enjoyed by his relatives and friends because of his jovial personality and contagious laughter. Although he knows his uncle is an old curmudgeon, Fred still has faith that his jovial influence and his continued invitations will somehow put Scrooge into a more generous and affable frame of mind.

What part will the band, Miss Thomas, and music play in Bud's new life?

I believe that the band, Miss Thomas, and music will play a significant part in Bud's new life. The band members seem to enjoy having Bud around and even give him a new nickname, Sleepy LaBone. They give Bud his own alto saxophone, and Steady Eddie tells him that he will give him lessons. The band will treat Bud like he is one of their members until he gets good enough at playing the saxophone...

I believe that the band, Miss Thomas, and music will play a significant part in Bud's new life. The band members seem to enjoy having Bud around and even give him a new nickname, Sleepy LaBone. They give Bud his own alto saxophone, and Steady Eddie tells him that he will give him lessons. The band will treat Bud like he is one of their members until he gets good enough at playing the saxophone to contribute musically to the band. Miss Thomas will play the role of Bud's mother in his new life. She is a caring woman who looks out for Bud throughout the novel. She convinced Herman to let him stay at the house and is understanding of Bud's difficult position. Music will play a huge part in Bud's new life. Bud's grandfather is musically talented, and Bud is extremely excited to begin practicing on his new alto saxophone. At the end of the novel, he is hoping that Steady Eddie comes early to begin giving him lessons. Constantly being around a band and continually practicing on his instrument will make Bud a successful musician in the future.

Explain how various countries entered World War I in Europe.

There were various reasons why each country entered World War I in Europe. Europe had been heading toward war as the issues of imperialism, nationalism, and militarism were growing in Europe.

Austria-Hungary started the hostilities. After Franz Ferdinand, who was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo in 1914, Austria-Hungary gave a list of demands to the Serbian government. Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia had some responsibility for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand....

There were various reasons why each country entered World War I in Europe. Europe had been heading toward war as the issues of imperialism, nationalism, and militarism were growing in Europe.

Austria-Hungary started the hostilities. After Franz Ferdinand, who was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo in 1914, Austria-Hungary gave a list of demands to the Serbian government. Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia had some responsibility for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. When the Serbian government could not meet all the demands that Austria-Hungary placed on it, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Russia and Serbia had been allies for many years. As a result, Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary.

Other countries also entered the war. Germany had promised Austria-Hungary that it would provide support if Austria-Hungary got attacked. Thus, Germany declared war on Russia. Since France and Russia had an alliance, Germany and France declared war on each other on the same day. Great Britain didn’t join the war until Germany invaded neutral Belgium. When that occurred, Great Britain declared war on Germany. The United States entered World War I in 1917 after Germany began to sink our ships without warning them. This violated our rights as a neutral nation to trade with other countries, including countries that were at war.

There were various reasons why some countries joined World War I.

How are the exoskeletons of mollusks and arthropods different?

Composition, growth, and formation are three differences between the exoskeletons of mollusks and arthropods. 

The first difference mentioned was composition. The exoskeleton of a mollusk is largely composed of calcium, whereas the exoskeleton of an arthropod is largely composed of chitin.

The second difference mentioned was growth. Examples of mollusks are clams, oysters, and snails. The exoskeletons of such organisms are shells that hold and protect the internal organs of the organisms. These shells grow...

Composition, growth, and formation are three differences between the exoskeletons of mollusks and arthropods. 

The first difference mentioned was composition. The exoskeleton of a mollusk is largely composed of calcium, whereas the exoskeleton of an arthropod is largely composed of chitin.

The second difference mentioned was growth. Examples of mollusks are clams, oysters, and snails. The exoskeletons of such organisms are shells that hold and protect the internal organs of the organisms. These shells grow with the mollusks. Examples of arthropods include lobsters, crabs, and insects. These organisms are born with a soft exoskeleton that hardens over time. The exoskeletons do not grow with the arthropods. Instead, arthropods molt as they outgrow their exoskeletons. 

Formation was the last difference between the exoskeletons of mollusks and arthropods. The exoskeletons of arthropods are segmented, whereas the exoskeletons of mollusks are not. 

What are low frequency electromagnetic waves? How does this work? What uses low frequency electromagnetic waves? Where are they found?

The types of electromagnetic waves, from low to high frequency, are: Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays and gamma rays. This is also the order from low energy to high energy and from long wavelength to short wavelength. 

Radio waves are the lowest frequency of the types of electromagnetic radiation. They're also the lowest in energy. Radio waves are sometimes called "RF" for radio frequency. They're used mainly for communication. Television,...

The types of electromagnetic waves, from low to high frequency, are: Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays and gamma rays. This is also the order from low energy to high energy and from long wavelength to short wavelength. 

Radio waves are the lowest frequency of the types of electromagnetic radiation. They're also the lowest in energy. Radio waves are sometimes called "RF" for radio frequency. They're used mainly for communication. Television, radio, radar and cell phone signals are all transported by radio waves. Communication with satellelites is also done via radio waves. This is how satellite TV and GPS information is sent. Various frequencies can be used for different forms of communication. Household devices such as television and garage door remote controls, wireless cameras, wireless routers and Bluetooth devices all use radio frequencies. 

Radio frequencies are particulary useful for these purposes because there's a wide range of frequencies available and because their low energies mean that they're safe around living things.  

The way radio frequency transmission works is that waves of a particular frequency are generated by an electromagnetic process. They travel at the speed of light, 3.0 x 10^8 meters per second, are received by antennas on tuners that tune in only certain wavelengths. They're converted to another type of signal, for example mechanical sound waves.

Radio waves are found all around us, but are only detected when captured with an antenna and converted to something meaningful. They range in length from about .001 meter to over 100,000 meters. In addition to artificially produced radio waves around us, there are naturally occuring radio waves that are produced by lightning and by events in space.

What is the significance of the golden ring in The Catcher in the Rye?

As was mentioned in the previous post, Phoebe is riding a carousel and reaches for a golden ring in hopes of winning a prize. Holden watches as his sister risks her safety by reaching for the golden ring while she tries to balance on her horse. Despite wanting to prevent Phoebe from falling off the horse, Holden decides to let his sister and the other children reach for the ring. Symbolically, the golden ring represents maturity...

As was mentioned in the previous post, Phoebe is riding a carousel and reaches for a golden ring in hopes of winning a prize. Holden watches as his sister risks her safety by reaching for the golden ring while she tries to balance on her horse. Despite wanting to prevent Phoebe from falling off the horse, Holden decides to let his sister and the other children reach for the ring. Symbolically, the golden ring represents maturity and adulthood. Throughout the novel, Holden fears entering the world of adults and wants to prevent other children from losing their innocence by being a symbolic "catcher in the rye." In this significant final scene, Holden accepts the fact that he cannot prevent any child from becoming an adult. Rather than intervene and save Phoebe from falling off the horse, Holden allows her to risk her safety as she grabs for the golden ring. Phoebe reaching for the golden ring symbolically represents her attempt at becoming an adult.

`a = 12.32, b = 8.46, c = 15.05` Use Heron's Area Formula to find the area of the triangle.

When the three sides of the triangle are known,  its area can be solved using the Heron's formula.

`A =sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))`

where a, b and c are the length of the three sides and s  is  half of the triangle's perimeter.

The value of s will be:

`s= (a+b+c)/2= (12.32+8.46+15.05)/2=35.83/2=17.915`

Plugging the values of s, a, b and c to the Heron's formula yields:

`A=sqrt(17.915(17.915-12.32)(17.915-8.46)(17.915-15.05))`

`A=52.11`

Therefore, the area of the triangle is 52.11 square units.

When the three sides of the triangle are known,  its area can be solved using the Heron's formula.

`A =sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))`

where a, b and c are the length of the three sides and s  is  half of the triangle's perimeter.

The value of s will be:

`s= (a+b+c)/2= (12.32+8.46+15.05)/2=35.83/2=17.915`

Plugging the values of s, a, b and c to the Heron's formula yields:

`A=sqrt(17.915(17.915-12.32)(17.915-8.46)(17.915-15.05))`

`A=52.11`

Therefore, the area of the triangle is 52.11 square units.

What do you think are the top three most important issues in health and medicine in the United States today?

The single most important issue in health care in the United States is economic. Although the United States possesses the best possible health care in the world for the very wealthy, money is still a huge obstacle to health care for most people. Although the Affordable Care Act, popularly known as Obamacare, has made health care accessible to many people who previously lacked health insurance, many Republican governors have tried to block use of federal...

The single most important issue in health care in the United States is economic. Although the United States possesses the best possible health care in the world for the very wealthy, money is still a huge obstacle to health care for most people. Although the Affordable Care Act, popularly known as Obamacare, has made health care accessible to many people who previously lacked health insurance, many Republican governors have tried to block use of federal money to help the poor people in their states obtain medical care. Also, unlike the single payer systems in Britain and Canada, even with the ACA or employer-sponsored plans, access to health care remains quite expensive in the US, despite the fact that the US government actually spends more money on healthcare than any other wealthy country.

The second major issue is demographic. Longer life spans means that the US health care system needs to increase capacity for end-of-life and supportive care outside hospitals. It is far less expensive, and far more pleasant, for an elderly person recovering from hip or heart surgery to stay at home or in an assisted living facility than to recuperate in a hospital, and yet much of the current health care system prioritizes short term fixes over long term care.

A final issue is prevention of infectious diseases. Many of the common causes of illness and death such as measles, mumps, and rubella have been almost eradicated in the US, and much of the increase in life expectancy over the past century has been due to the use of vaccination to provide "herd immunity" against infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the scientifically ungrounded anti-vaccine movement is jeopardizing theses gains. While people injuring their own health is a matter of individual choice, threatening the health and lives of their children and members of their community is ethically unsupportable; the US needs to uniformly enforce regulations that prevent anti-vaxxers and similar members of the lunatic fringe from endangering the health of others. 

What is the quantitative effect on a person's heart rate as time elapses after exercise?

Immediately following exercise, the heart is beating the at the fastest rate it will pump for that physical activity.  If one were graphing the number of heartbeats per minute, it would represent the starting point on the graph.  As time progresses, minute, by minute, the heart will slow in the number of beats per minute.  Each one of these could be plotted on a graph.  This time is known as the recovery time for the heart.  The recovery rate is an indication of the level of fitness for the person doing the exercise.  Athletes tend to recover much faster than nonathletes, primarily because they have conditioned their bodies to such strenuous physical demands.  Ultimately, after 15 to 20 minutes have elapsed, the heart will have returned to what is called it's resting heart rate, which would represent the bottom numbers on the graph.  A quantitative graph of this data should correctly show an indirect relationship between the number of heartbeats per minute and the time elapsed after exercise.

In "There Will Come Soft Rains," how does the author describe the nursery and what is significant about the way the nursery is decorated?

The first description of the nursery is that it "glowed." The nursery walls are lighted with images and films and this is the source of the glow. But Bradbury might be comparing this glow to the radioactive glow of the town following the atomic blast. The point here is to show the dangers of irresponsible uses of technology. It is technology that has created this virtual world of the nursery but technology is also responsible for the atomic weapons. Both the nursery and the aftermath of the bomb create an artificial, superficial glow, both inauspiciously fake and unnatural. 

The films on the glass walls "lived." This is also a subtle critique of technology. The glass walls "live" on but the people have been killed. What keeps the walls alive (technology) has also led to the deaths of the family. It is therefore, ironic to say that the virtual, inorganic walls "lived." Initially, the nursery walls are "alive" with signs of life. "Animals took shape: yellow giraffes, blue lions, pink antelopes, lilac panthers cavorting in crystal substance." The nursery gives the appearance of life. The reality is that all life has been snuffed out by the bomb.

Closing the description of the nursery, the narrator adds "It was the children's hour." This means that the house and nursery were programmed at this certain time in order to let the children play in this virtual world of animals and meadows. But the phrase "children's hour" has sinister connotations as well, since it can mean the hour (time) of the children's deaths. 

In The Crucible, does Mary Warren deny that she made poppets?

No, she does not. When Ezekiel Cheever and Marshall Herrick come to the Proctor's house to arrest Elizabeth, they specifically come to find a poppet. Abigail Williams had accused her of witchcraft and had that evening cried out in pain whilst at dinner in Reverend Parris' residence. On investigation, a needle was found stuck in her stomach. Abigail claimed that Elizabeth had sent out her spirit to harm her and had stabbed her with the needle.

Cheever has been sent to find this evidence. When he sees the doll Mary has given Elizabeth as a gift, she tells him about its origin and that she 'kept no poppets.' Mary is summoned to verify what Elizabeth said and the following extract is the gist of her testimony:

Proctor: Here now! Mary, how did this poppet come into my house?
Mary Warren, frightened for herself, her voice very small: What poppet is that, sir?
Proctor, impatiently, pointing at the doll in Cheever's hand: This poppet, this poppet.
Mary Warren, evasively, looking at it: Why, I - I think it is mine.
Proctor: It is your poppet, is it not?
Mary Warren, not understanding the direction of this: It - is, sir. Proctor: And how did it come into this house?
Mary Warren, glancing about at the avid faces: Why - I made it in the court, sir, and - give it to Goody Proctor tonight.
Proctor, to Hale: Now, sir - do you have it?
Hale: Mary Warren, a needle have been found inside this poppet. Mary Warren, bewildered: Why, I meant no harm by it, sir. Proctor, quickly: You stuck that needle in yourself?
Mary Warren: I - I believe I did, sir, I - 

Mary goes on to explain that she has not been conjured into saying what she does, on a question from Reverend Hale. She says that Mary Walcott and Abigail Williams saw her sewing the doll and that Abigail was sitting right next to her at the time.

At this point, John Proctor demands that the Reverend Hale ask Cheever to leave for there is no justification to arrest Elizabeth. Hale then accuses Mary that she has just condemned Abigail on a charge of murder, which Mary denies. It is at this point that Elizabeth is told by the reverend that she has been charged by Abigail for having harmed her with the needle.

Elizabeth's passionate response that Abigail is a murderer and that she should be ripped out of the world is what spurs Cheever to continue with the arrest. The outcome is that John Proctor tears up the arrest warrant but Elizabeth beseeches him to be calm and allow her incarceration. She then leaves with the two arresting officers, who put her in chains, much against her husband's will.

From whose point of view is the story told in To Kill a Mockingbird?

To Kill a Mockingbirdis written in the first person, from the point of view of Jean Louise ("Scout") Finch. Scout writes as an adult, remembering her experiences when she was a young girl. To Kill a Mockingbird is many things, but it is above all a narrative of Scout's youth. Scout is highly perceptive and attuned to human nature (both as a narrator and in the way she describes herself as a girl). She...

To Kill a Mockingbird is written in the first person, from the point of view of Jean Louise ("Scout") Finch. Scout writes as an adult, remembering her experiences when she was a young girl. To Kill a Mockingbird is many things, but it is above all a narrative of Scout's youth. Scout is highly perceptive and attuned to human nature (both as a narrator and in the way she describes herself as a girl). She has a dry wit that borders on cynicism, and she is very hot-tempered. By using the voice of an articulate woman, and portraying events through the eyes of a very precocious young girl, Harper Lee is able to call attention to many of the oddities of small-town life in the South. Especially powerful is her struggle to understand the malignant forces of racism that color almost every facet of life in Maycomb, and her evolving understanding of Boo Radley. These children, very bright but innocent to the sociocultural forces that undergirded the Jim Crow South, found racism absurd. So the decision to tell the story through Scout's eyes shapes every aspect of the story.

What are some examples of literary devices used in Act 5, scene 6

Possibly the most common literary devices in literature are the different types of figurative language.

Shakespeare loves to employ figurative language in his dramatic dialogue. The play Macbeth contains a few of his most famous lines and passages, (“Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow,” “Something wicked this way comes,” Out damned spot”).

Act V, Scene VI comes near the end of the play, as Macbeth finally has to come face to face with the characters who...

Possibly the most common literary devices in literature are the different types of figurative language.

Shakespeare loves to employ figurative language in his dramatic dialogue. The play Macbeth contains a few of his most famous lines and passages, (“Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow,” “Something wicked this way comes,” Out damned spot”).

Act V, Scene VI comes near the end of the play, as Macbeth finally has to come face to face with the characters who are set on overthrowing him. Here are the first lines of the scene:

Macbeth: They have tied me to a stake; I cannot fly,

But bear-like I must fight the course.

There are two literary devices in these lines. First, Shakespeare creates a metaphor when Macbeth says he is “tied to a stake.” This is not literally true; if it was he would be tied up like an animal. But, like all metaphors, it is true in the figurative sense. He is trapped by the army outside his castle. Second, within the metaphor he has inserted a simile: “bear-like.” Here Shakespeare compares himself to a trapped animal who has no choice but to fight--escape is impossible.

Shortly after this, Macbeth and Young Siward fight, and Young Siward is slain. Macbeth addresses Young Siward's corpse:

Thou wast born of woman.

But swords I smile at, weapons laugh to scorn,

Brandish'd by man that's of a woman born.

Lines spoken to an inanimate object or something not present on the stage are called an “apostrophe” (not to be confused with the punctuation mark we use to denote contractions and possession). In this case, Macbeth is revealing his thoughts by speaking to a dead body. Although the body cannot hear him, the audience can. It is a way for the dramatist to reveal the character's inner state.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, chapter 24, why does Scout prefer the company of men as opposed to that of women?

Not only does she have to wear a dress for Aunt Alexandra's missionary circle meetings--and we know how much Scout hates dresses--but women make her nervous. She notes at the beginning of her time with them that "ladies in bunches always filled me with vague apprehension and a firm desire to be elsewhere" (262). 

At some point, Mrs. Merriweather makes oblique references to how Atticus thought he was doing the right thing, but all he...

Not only does she have to wear a dress for Aunt Alexandra's missionary circle meetings--and we know how much Scout hates dresses--but women make her nervous. She notes at the beginning of her time with them that "ladies in bunches always filled me with vague apprehension and a firm desire to be elsewhere" (262). 

At some point, Mrs. Merriweather makes oblique references to how Atticus thought he was doing the right thing, but all he did was "stir 'em up"--them being the black people of the town, and Mrs. Maudie instantly says, "His food doesn't stick going down, does it?" suggesting that at least Atticus could live with himself (and simultaneously suggesting that Mrs. Merriweather is a hypocrite). Scout notices that Aunt Alexandra gives Mrs. Maudie a look of gratitude, which confuses her because the two aren't really close. She doesn't really understand the world of women (266). 

Men, she says, "did not trap you with innocent questions to make of you," and weren't critical unless you said something stupid. She notes that women seemed "to live in faint horror of men," but she liked them, because even when they cussed and drank and such, there was something about them that she "instinctively liked." They weren't hypocrites. 

Which month, day and year did Lennie Small die?

In Steinbeck's Of Mice and Menthe main characters George and Lennie are migrant farm workers who travel from place to place in California to find agricultural jobs. In Chapter One they have come to a clearing next to the Salinas River and are spending the night before going on to a nearby ranch where they will "buck barley." George talks about getting work passes in the town of Salinas. Even though Steinbeck spends a...

In Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men the main characters George and Lennie are migrant farm workers who travel from place to place in California to find agricultural jobs. In Chapter One they have come to a clearing next to the Salinas River and are spending the night before going on to a nearby ranch where they will "buck barley." George talks about getting work passes in the town of Salinas. Even though Steinbeck spends a good deal of time in the beginning of each chapter describing the various settings of the novella, including the clearing near the river, the bunkhouse and the barn, he never explicitly identifies the exact year or season when Lennie dies. Considering, however, that the men were hired to help harvest the ranch's crop of barley it is most certainly at some point in the late summer. According to the USDA, barley in California is planted in the early spring and harvest may begin as early as August 15 and last until October 1. The novella was originally published in 1937 and according to his biographer Jackson Benson, Steinbeck began writing the book in late 1936. The events in the book are certainly contemporary to the Great Depression of the 1930's. Thus, the actual date of Lennie's death was probably a Sunday (day of the week is noted in the beginning of Chapter Five) in September of the year 1935 or 1936. Of course, this is an educated guess and there is no textual evidence to suggest its complete accuracy. 

`y = 4x - x^2, y = x` Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume generated by rotating the region bounded by the given curves...

The shell has the radius `x` , the cricumference is `2pi*x` and the height is `4x - x^2 - x` , hence, the volume can be evaluated, using the method of cylindrical shells, such that:

`V = 2pi*int_(x_1)^(x_2) x*(3x - x^2) dy`

You need to evaluate the endpoints `x_1` and `x_2` , such that:

`4x - x^2= x => 3x -x^2 = 0 => x(3 - x) = 0 => x = 0 and 3-x...

The shell has the radius `x` , the cricumference is `2pi*x` and the height is `4x - x^2 - x` , hence, the volume can be evaluated, using the method of cylindrical shells, such that:

`V = 2pi*int_(x_1)^(x_2) x*(3x - x^2) dy`

You need to evaluate the endpoints `x_1` and `x_2` , such that:

`4x - x^2= x => 3x -x^2 = 0 => x(3 - x) = 0 => x = 0 and 3-x = 0 => x = 3`

`V = 2pi*int_0^3 x*(3x - x^2) dy`

`V = 2pi*(int_0^3 3x^2 dx - int_0^3 x^3dx)`

Using the formula `int x^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) ` yields:

`V = 2pi*(3x^3/3 - x^4/4)|_0^3`

`V = 2pi*(x^3 - x^4/4)|_0^3`

`V = 2pi*(3^3 - 3^4/4)`

`V = 2pi*(3^3)/4`

`V = (27pi)/2`

Hence, evaluating the volume, using the method of cylindrical shells, yields `V = (27pi)/2.`

Is immigration good or bad for America?

I will share some positive and negative points about immigration. Then you will be able to decide if it is good or bad for America.

There are negative aspects of immigration. When immigrants come to a country, they must learn the language and customs of the culture. There are often costs associated with this process. Teachers must be hired to teach immigrants our language. Social services may need to be provided for families until they...

I will share some positive and negative points about immigration. Then you will be able to decide if it is good or bad for America.

There are negative aspects of immigration. When immigrants come to a country, they must learn the language and customs of the culture. There are often costs associated with this process. Teachers must be hired to teach immigrants our language. Social services may need to be provided for families until they can get on their feet. There is the risk of increased disease and increased poverty. If many immigrants come to our country, it may be more difficult for people to get good paying jobs. This could lead to an increase in crime if poverty persists. There are disadvantages to immigration.

There are positive aspects of immigration. Immigrants have added a lot to our culture. Immigrants brought many customs that we observe. Many Americans celebrate Cinco de Mayo and Valentine’s Day. Both of these celebrations began elsewhere. Some religious celebrations have been enhanced because of immigration. For example, the idea of the Christmas tree originated in Germany. Immigrants have made many contributions to our society. Albert Einstein, from Germany, enhanced our scientific knowledge. We have Supreme Court judges and members of Congress from families that came to the United States. Immigrants contribute to our economy by owning businesses and buying products. There are advantages to immigration.

You should now be able to make a decision regarding immigration as you posed in your question.

How to review a paper along with different related papers.

There are a couple of ways to review a paper.  The simplest way to review a paper is to look only at grammar and punctuation.  I say simplest, because you are only looking for those mistakes.  Content is not your concern at all.  While it may be simple in terms of focus, it is super tedious in my opinion.  

Another way to review someone's paper is to do a content review.  For this kind...

There are a couple of ways to review a paper.  The simplest way to review a paper is to look only at grammar and punctuation.  I say simplest, because you are only looking for those mistakes.  Content is not your concern at all.  While it may be simple in terms of focus, it is super tedious in my opinion.  

Another way to review someone's paper is to do a content review.  For this kind of review, you are going to focus less on grammatical structures and more on content and clarity of thought.  The first paragraph should clue you in to the main idea of the paper.  It should also include a clear thesis statement.  If you have no idea what the paper is going to be about after reading the first paragraph, that is a problem.  The next thing that you will look for is to make sure that the following paragraphs all relate back to the opening paragraph in some way.  If not, that paragraph doesn't belong.  This kind of review will also focus on making sure the paper never leaves the reader with a "why" in mind.  If an opinionated statement is made, the paper needs to back it up with reasons and support.  

Any related papers will follow the same strategy.  Only now, you are going to really make sure that each separate paper is about the same topic, theme, etc.  

How does the film Schindler's List portray the Holocaust in general? How, for example, is the suffering of the Jews presented? How is the cruelty...

The movie version of Schindler's List was directed by Steven Spielberg and released in 1993. If you have any doubts about how good this movie is, consider the Academy awards it won: best picture, best director, best writing, best editing, best set design, best music, and best makeup. It is also #9 on the American Film Institute's all time greatest American movies list.

Schindler's List takes a different look at the Holocaust. Based on the...

The movie version of Schindler's List was directed by Steven Spielberg and released in 1993. If you have any doubts about how good this movie is, consider the Academy awards it won: best picture, best director, best writing, best editing, best set design, best music, and best makeup. It is also #9 on the American Film Institute's all time greatest American movies list.

Schindler's List takes a different look at the Holocaust. Based on the true story of Oskar Schindler, the movie depicts one man's attempt to save a group of imprisoned Jews during World War II. The viewer sees some of the horrors of life in a concentration camp, but the focus of the movie is on Schindler's transformation from an opportunistic businessman into a self-sacrificing humanitarian. Throughout the film, the viewers know that “Schindler's Jews” (as his manufacturing employees are called), are just a whim away from the crematorium. The suspense lies in wondering whether or not Schindler will be able to save them from the fate suffered by so many millions of other Jewish prisoners.

We see the Jews suffer when they are driven from their homes, separated from family members, and randomly murdered. Although Schindler's Jews manage to avoid the worst of this, the viewers know that it is only Schindler keeping them safe.

As for the cruelty of the Nazis, the viewer sees a fairly clichéd portrayal. None of the Nazi leaders seem to have any humanity regarding the Jews' fate. In reality, we know that some of these people did not approve of what was happening, but with the prevailing atmosphere in Nazi Germany, they could do nothing about it without risking themselves in some way. One of the most memorable images from the movie shows a man looking at piles of teeth extracted from prisoners, examining the gold fillings.

In the book The Witch of Blackbird Pond, what did the new governor want the landowners to do?

In Chapter 15, Governor Edmond Andros, the new royal governor, means to make the landowners pay for land they have already purchased. He also wants the landowners to apply for new land grants, stating that the deeds signed with the native Indians are worthless. The landowners are furious, as they argue that the new fees will leave them paupers.

Some are ready to defend their rights, but Matthew says that their defense will come at...

In Chapter 15, Governor Edmond Andros, the new royal governor, means to make the landowners pay for land they have already purchased. He also wants the landowners to apply for new land grants, stating that the deeds signed with the native Indians are worthless. The landowners are furious, as they argue that the new fees will leave them paupers.

Some are ready to defend their rights, but Matthew says that their defense will come at the cost of all their lives. He advises everyone to be patient. The new governor comes to Wethersfield and participates in a town council. During the council, someone steals the town charter under cover of darkness. William Ashby rides to tell the exciting news to the Woods family. Meanwhile, Governor Andros remains calm, as he realizes that the charter will never be found in his presence. He announces that Connecticut will be annexed to Massachusetts.

What is one example of cacophony in any scene of Act 2 of Macbeth?

In Act 2, Scene 2, Macbeth meets Lady Macbeth and tells her that he has killed Duncan. He asks her if she heard anything. She says she heard an owl scream and the crickets cry. She is on edge and these noises probably sound louder and more cacophonous than they a actually are. But to her, this is a cacophony. Both Macbeth and his wife are jumpy and full of anxiety at this point, so...

In Act 2, Scene 2, Macbeth meets Lady Macbeth and tells her that he has killed Duncan. He asks her if she heard anything. She says she heard an owl scream and the crickets cry. She is on edge and these noises probably sound louder and more cacophonous than they a actually are. But to her, this is a cacophony. Both Macbeth and his wife are jumpy and full of anxiety at this point, so any noise is going to sound more dramatic and threatening than it normally would. The fact that she hears two animals of nature crying out suggests that nature itself is crying out against the murderous deed. It is as if nature is crying because things are out of balance. This notion of nature being out of balance is one of the major themes in the play. 

In this scene, Macbeth also says of Duncan and his guards, that one woke up and yelled "Murder!" This woke the others up, one of whom cried "God bless us!" To Macbeth, this would be startling and thus, a cacophony. He also hears "Sleep No More" repeatedly. These sounds strike him like alarm bells of his own guilt. 

There is a knock at the door and Macbeth is worried and frustrated that every single noise is like a cacophony to him: 

How is't with me, when every noise appals me? (II.ii.74) 

Scene 3 also begins with a loud knocking. Then, Lennox recalls strange screams in the night. Also in this scene, when MacDuff learns of the murder, he orders the alarm bell to ring. These sudden loud noises are all signs of things being out of sync, out of order. The noises also affect Macbeth and his wife more dramatically because they are mentally weary, guilty, and anxious. 

If the Kw of water changes with temperature so that pH is lower at higher temperatures, and [H+]=[OH-] so that the new Kw=[H+]^2, then the...

Kw is the equilibrium constant for the self-dissociation of water .

It is the equilibrium constant for :

H2O =  H+   + OH-

Kw = [H+][OH-]

From the equation we see that there is a 1:1 mole ratio of H+ to OH- ions.

So [OH-] = [H+]  for pure water only

Thus Kw = [H+]^2

As the temperature is increased more water molecules acquire enough kinetic energy to dissociate ( break apart) as a...

Kw is the equilibrium constant for the self-dissociation of water .

It is the equilibrium constant for :

H2O =  H+   + OH-

Kw = [H+][OH-]

From the equation we see that there is a 1:1 mole ratio of H+ to OH- ions.

So [OH-] = [H+]  for pure water only

Thus Kw = [H+]^2

As the temperature is increased more water molecules acquire enough kinetic energy to dissociate ( break apart) as a result of increased intermolecular collisions associated with the increased temperature.

Thus at 25 degrees celsius Kw is 1.00 x 10^-14  and at 50 degrees celsius Kw is 5.476 x 10^-14

Now pKw = - log Kw = - log ([H+][OH-])

using the laws of logs we can show that

pKw = pH + pOH

but since [H+] = [OH-] for pure water

pH = pOH for pure water as well

Thus pKw = 2pH for pure water only

So at 25 degrees celsius , pKw = - log (1.00 x 10-14) =14

and thus 14 = 2pH  so pH = 7  at 25 degrees celsius

At 50 degrees celsius , pKw = - log (5.476 x 10^-14) = 13.26

So  13.26 = 2pH and thus pH = 6.63 at a pH of 50 degrees celsius.

Thus, the pH of pure water decreases from 7.00 at 25 degrees celsius to 6.63 at 50 degrees celsius.

.

How does Lyddie arrange for Rachel to stay?

When Uncle Judah brings Rachel to Lyddie at the boarding house, Lyddie has a dilemma. Only factory workers are allowed to live at the boarding house; no children, except the children of the woman who operates the home, can live there. Lyddie pleads with Mrs. Bedlow to let Rachel stay for two weeks, no longer, until Lyddie can make arrangements for her sister to live somewhere else, and Mrs. Bedlow reluctantly agrees. Of course, Lyddie...

When Uncle Judah brings Rachel to Lyddie at the boarding house, Lyddie has a dilemma. Only factory workers are allowed to live at the boarding house; no children, except the children of the woman who operates the home, can live there. Lyddie pleads with Mrs. Bedlow to let Rachel stay for two weeks, no longer, until Lyddie can make arrangements for her sister to live somewhere else, and Mrs. Bedlow reluctantly agrees. Of course, Lyddie will have to pay to support Rachel now, which will significantly reduce the amount of money she can save. Shortly after this, Lyddie becomes seriously ill with a fever, and Rachel nurses her night and day.

When Lyddie recovers, the two weeks' time she promised Mrs. Bedlow she wouldn't exceed has passed. Mrs. Bedlow says she was not going to enforce that agreement when Lyddie was close to death. Lyddie then proposes to Mrs. Bedlow that Rachel could be a doffer at the factory, which would mean she could continue to live at the boarding house. Mrs. Bedlow objects, saying Rachel is too young and too small to perform that job. Lyddie argues that Rachel showed what a hard worker she was by saving Lyddie's life during her illness, and Mrs. Bedlow knows that is true. So Mrs. Bedlow speaks with the agent at the factory about Rachel, probably exaggerating her age and weight, and the agent agrees to take her on. Rachel begins working as a doffer and continues to stay at the boarding house.

Discuss briefly natural and forced convection.

Convection is a part of both processes. Convection is a form of heat transfer within fluid substances. Convection occurs due to temperature and density differences. As particles gain heat energy, they expand. Thus, the heated particles have greater volume and lower density. This causes the heated particles to rise. Oppositely, as particles lose energy, they contract and come closer to one another. Thus, as the particles lose heat, volume decrease and density increases. This causes...

Convection is a part of both processes. Convection is a form of heat transfer within fluid substances. Convection occurs due to temperature and density differences. As particles gain heat energy, they expand. Thus, the heated particles have greater volume and lower density. This causes the heated particles to rise. Oppositely, as particles lose energy, they contract and come closer to one another. Thus, as the particles lose heat, volume decrease and density increases. This causes the particles that have lost heat to sink. The rising of heated particles and sinking of cooler particles forms a cycle that is known as a convection current.

The energy source is different for forced and natural convection. An external force, such as a pump or fan, is the source of energy that causes the fluid movement of forced convection. Natural convection is not supplied by an external force. The fluid movement of natural convention results from the natural heating and cooling of the fluid. An example of a natural convection current would be the magma that is housed below the mantel. The magma is heated by the natural heat supplied by the Earth’s core.

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, on what page can the following passage be found: Secretly, Miss Finch, I'm not much of a drinker, but you...

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, the speech in question is spoken by Mr. Dolphus Raymond, a wealthy white man in Maycomb who is ostracized by society for living with and bearing children with a black woman. He is reputed to be a town drunk because he's always seen drinking from a paper sack assumed to contain a Coca-Cola bottle filled with whiskey. In Chapter 20, Scout and Dill have a conversation with Mr. Raymond in which he explains his behavior.

In Chapter 20, Dill has become so upset by Tom Robinson's cross-examination that it moves him to sobbing tears. Mr. Raymond approaches Dill to help him calm down, offering him a sip of whatever is in his paper sack. It turns out to be only Coca-Cola, which astonishes Scout, inciting her to ask, "Why do you do like you do?" Mr. Raymond responds by explaining that, since he knows people do not like his inter-racial behavior, he has decided he can give them an excuse for his behavior, the excuse being that he is a mad drunk who can't help himself, as we see in Mr. Raymond's following speech to Scout:

Wh--oh yes, you mean why do I pretend? Well, it's very simple ... Some folks don't--like the way I live. Now I could say the hell with 'em, I don't care if they don't like it. I do say I don't care if they don't like it, right enough--but I don't say the hell with 'em, see? (Ch. 20)

He further explains his reasons for acting like a drunk in the following speech to both Scout and Dill:

I try to give 'em a reason, you see. It helps folks if they can latch onto a reason [for his inter-racial behavior]. (Ch. 20)

When Scout protests that he is being dishonest, Mr. Raymond responds with the comments in question, saying that, while it is not honest, "it's mighty helpful to folks" since "they could never, never understand" that he lives the way he does because he wants to, not because he is afflicted.

Mr. Raymond's speeches serve as a very unique approach to developing the theme of respecting others. Though Mr. Raymond doesn't approve of others' judgements of him and views on racism, he still wants to show those sorts of people respect; therefore, he gives them a false reason to judge him, which helps to bridge the social barrier between Mr. Raymond and the racists who misjudge him.

It is difficult to state an exact page number as to where this passage can be found because different publications of the book will have different page numbers. However, the passage is found around the end of the first or second page of Chapter 20, approximately page 204, depending on one's publication.

What are some examples of figurative language and imagery in Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare? Also, what is the theme?

Shakespeare's Sonnet 116 argues the point (which is also a theme) that true love is everlasting and not swayed by anything temporal or metaphysical. The first metaphor in line 5 compares love with "an ever-fixed mark", such as a mountain used as a landmark to find one's way. Line 6 refers to this "mark" as one that would look on storms or tempests and still not be moved. Additionally, the storms represent trials, tribulations, or...

Shakespeare's Sonnet 116 argues the point (which is also a theme) that true love is everlasting and not swayed by anything temporal or metaphysical. The first metaphor in line 5 compares love with "an ever-fixed mark", such as a mountain used as a landmark to find one's way. Line 6 refers to this "mark" as one that would look on storms or tempests and still not be moved. Additionally, the storms represent trials, tribulations, or crises through which people travel in life. Then in line 7 the speaker identifies the mark as a star that can't be shaken by anything earthly, but also has an unidentifiable worth. 

Next, in line 8, the speaker claims that "Love's not Time's fool." This phrase uses personification for both Love and Time which gives each an identity to which a reader can more likely relate. Love and Time are now pitted against each other as if for battle, but the speaker says that true love will not lose against time.

Overall, the figures of speech in the poem are metaphors comparing symbols such as a star, that can be used as a guide through life and love. Then, personification is used to help the reader see how people have claimed that Time is an excuse for failing Love; but, as a matter of fact, true love would not fade over time.