In what ways did Lincoln violate the constitution when in office?

It is contended by some historians that Abraham Lincoln violated the Constitution of the United States in a number of ways while he was in office. Among these violations are the following: 

• The right of secession

The founding fathers, especially Thomas Jefferson, recognized the states' right to secede. While he did not advocate the exercise of this right, Jefferson did recognize that the right to secede remained with the states.

This was a right that...

It is contended by some historians that Abraham Lincoln violated the Constitution of the United States in a number of ways while he was in office. Among these violations are the following: 

• The right of secession

The founding fathers, especially Thomas Jefferson, recognized the states' right to secede. While he did not advocate the exercise of this right, Jefferson did recognize that the right to secede remained with the states.

This was a right that continued throughout the initial drafts of the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence.

But, Lincoln did not recognize the Constitutional right of the Southern states to secede.

• The right to declare war

The right to declare war rests with the Congress; however, President Lincoln ordered the military blockade of the ports that belonged to the South. This was an act of war, but Congress had not approved of it. (Interestingly, 75% of the tariffs paid to the Federal government by ports in the U.S. were paid by the Southern ports.)

Some historians contend that President Lincoln also committed treason since he declared war on his own country since he did not recognize the South's secession and did not recognize the Confederacy as a sovereign state. 

• Suspension of writ of habeus corpus
  

A state legislator from Maryland, John Merryman, was arrested for his attempts to prevent Union troops from passing from Baltimore to Washington at the time of the Civil War. After this, Merryman's attorney sought a writ of Habeus Corpus, hoping that a federal judge would examine the charges. But, President Lincoln suspended the right of Habeas Corpus, and the commanding officer of Fort McHenry would not turn Merryman over to authorities. This is another violation of the Constitution.

• Suspension of civil liberties

Lincoln ordered several Northern newspapers shut down that wrote against him, and he had several city officials of Baltimore arrested.

He ordered the arrest of Chief Justice Roger Taney after he ruled that Lincoln had violated the Constitution after he had illegally suspended the Writ of Habeus Corpus. 

What is health? How do I explain health in simple words?

Health can be defined as a person's overall wellbeing or when a person does not have any injuries or illnesses. Health can be related to both emotional and physical injuries or ailments. The adjective healthy would be used in order to describe someone who is in good physical and emotional condition. The opposite of healthy is sick, so when someone is not healthy, we would often say that they are sick or ill. 

If your...

Health can be defined as a person's overall wellbeing or when a person does not have any injuries or illnesses. Health can be related to both emotional and physical injuries or ailments. The adjective healthy would be used in order to describe someone who is in good physical and emotional condition. The opposite of healthy is sick, so when someone is not healthy, we would often say that they are sick or ill. 

If your question was aiming to ask what health classes are, a health class teaches students the basics of various aspects of health. For example, a class might focus on the proper foods to eat in order to stay in a healthy state, or they may focus on physical fitness, sexual health, or the effects of drugs and alcohol. 

What does George Mason argue might happen if the president has the power to pardon people?

The President of the United States has the unrestrained power of granting pardon for treason; which may be sometimes exercised to screen from punishment those whom he had secretly instigated to commit the crime, and thereby prevent a discovery of his own guilt.

The text above was written by George Mason in September of 1787. He was essentially doodling the reasons that he would not sign the United States Constitution. His objection about the...

The President of the United States has the unrestrained power of granting pardon for treason; which may be sometimes exercised to screen from punishment those whom he had secretly instigated to commit the crime, and thereby prevent a discovery of his own guilt.

The text above was written by George Mason in September of 1787. He was essentially doodling the reasons that he would not sign the United States Constitution. His objection about the presidential pardon is a very sound one on the surface. Mason believes that the president, could, in theory, commit crimes through secret associates with the understanding that he would simply pardon those associates for the crime. This would allow the executive branch to usurp power from the other branches or even the citizens. Imagine if the president wanted to steal from the banks or the treasury to make himself wealthy. He could later pardon others for his crimes.

While the argument sounds valid at first, the fallacy of it is exposed when you consider Richard Nixon's Watergate fiasco. While he had others do his dirty work for him, he was actually going to be removed from office before resigning after his intrigue was discovered. Having said that, he would not have been able to pardon the perpetrators as he was going to be removed from office had he not resigned. In this way, the presidential pardon is checked by the ability of Congress to impeach the president.

Where in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird can the following passage be found: Atticus says you can choose your friends but you sho' can't...

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem speaks the lines in question close towards the end of Chapter 23, approximately 4 pages from the end of the chapter.

Chapter 23 opens with Atticus having just been spat in the face and threatened by Bob Ewell near the post office. The incident leads Jem and Scout to discuss with Atticus their fears of Ewell. After Atticus asserts they have nothing to fear, the conversation turns to Tom Robinson's case and his prospects of being acquitted by the higher courts upon appeal. Jem and Atticus also have a heated discussion about the unfairness of the jury system, especially the fact that the jury decides the penalty in capital cases, not the judge. The conversation then turns to the fact that Atticus intentionally let a kinsman of the Cunninghams remain on the jury, a Cunningham who nearly acquitted Robinson. The revelation concerning the Cunningham jury member leaves Scout feeling a slight sense of admiration for the Cunninghams. It's at this moment that Scout announces she is going to invite Walter home for lunch once school starts, prompting her Aunt Alexandra to refuse permission. In explanation, Aunt Alexandra states, "Jean Louise, there is no doubt in my mind that they're good folks. But they're not our kind of folks," meaning that they are from a lower class in society than the Finches.

Scout feels extremely offended by her aunt's notion that the Cunninghams should be shunned. As a retort, Scout asks if she could invite Walter home "if he was kin to us" to which her aunt replies that he still could not be invited into the Finch home even if he was a kinsman. Equally feeling offended by their aunt's prejudiced judgements and shallowness, Jem replies with the passage in question:

Aunty, ... Atticus says you can choose your friends but you sho' can't choose your family, an' they're still kin to you no matter whether you acknowledge 'em or not, and it makes you look right silly when you don't. (Ch. 23)

Though Jem's response does nothing to change their aunt's mind, it certainly shows how ridiculous Aunt Alexandra's prejudiced views are and the views of people like her. Hence, all in all, the passage in question serves to develop Harper Lee's themes concerning prejudices and family.

Who is the speaker? To whom is the speech made? What is the poem's rhyme scheme?

The poem consists of 4 stanzas.  Each stanza is written in ABAAB rhyme scheme.  That means that lines 1, 3, and 4 rhyme with each other, and lines 2 and 5 rhyme with each other.  

As for the speaker and the audience, it's open to interpretation.  

Some readers think that Frost himself is the speaker, while other readers think that the speaker is a faceless, philosophical unknown.  It doesn't matter either way to...

The poem consists of 4 stanzas.  Each stanza is written in ABAAB rhyme scheme.  That means that lines 1, 3, and 4 rhyme with each other, and lines 2 and 5 rhyme with each other.  

As for the speaker and the audience, it's open to interpretation.  

Some readers think that Frost himself is the speaker, while other readers think that the speaker is a faceless, philosophical unknown.  It doesn't matter either way to me, because the topic and theme of the poem doesn't change depending on who the speaker is.  The poem brings up universal truths about decision making, and who speaks them doesn't change their validity.  

I do not think the poem is addressed to any one, specific individual.  I also don't think that it has an intended group audience.  I think the speaker is simply voicing his thoughts "out loud."  I talk to myself all the time.  My wife likes to make fun of me for it.  But for some reason, the act of voicing my thoughts helps bring clarity to what is on my mind.  I think the poem's speaker is doing the same thing with his poem.  He is giving very specific thoughts and feedback on the nature of decisions and consequences.  He's not doing it for anybody other than himself. 

What does the following quote by John Conway mean: “The Nazis victimized some people for what they did, some for what they refused to do, some...

The quote attributed to English mathematician John Horton Conway -- "The Nazis victimized some people for what they did, some for what they refused to do, some for what they were, and some for the fact that they were" -- can best be understood through a review of English historian John S. Conway's 1968 The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1939-1945, in which the latter Conway discussed the courageous decisions by many Churches to...

The quote attributed to English mathematician John Horton Conway -- "The Nazis victimized some people for what they did, some for what they refused to do, some for what they were, and some for the fact that they were" -- can best be understood through a review of English historian John S. Conway's 1968 The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1939-1945, in which the latter Conway discussed the courageous decisions by many Churches to reject Nazi doctrine and to refuse to cooperate in activities that contributed to the genocide known as the Holocaust. In his book, Conway described in meticulous detail how the Jehovah's Witnesses, deemed a threat by the Nazi establishment because of this small but dedicated group's "reliance on Old Testament apocalyptic prophesies were taken together as 'proof' of their being disciples of the Jew Karl Marx and 'pacemakers of world Bolshevism'." The Jews, so John Horton Conway and others have contended, were victimized because they fell outside the parameters within which the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, defined the ideal human, or the model Aryan. Even descendants of Jews who had converted, usually under threat of death, to Christianity were targeted for persecution because of the impurity of their blood. Jews, in short, were victimized for what they were. Jehovah's Witnesses were victimized for what they refused to do, in effect, swear allegiance to the philosophy of hatred promulgated by the National Socialist Party of Germany.

Conway's oft-cited quote is a reference to the fact that the German nation systematically persecuted and in most instances targeted for elimination all those who failed to live up to the Nazi ideal. That "failure" may have been physiological, it may have been theological or philosophical, but it amounted to the same thing: defilers of Aryan purity and/or proponents of alien ideologies intended to subvert the German nation. Not even religious conversion could protect someone if he or she had "Jewish blood" running through his or her veins. Racial "purity" was Hitler's goal, and he was astonishingly close to success, at least within the confines of those territories his armies controlled. 

Does Macbeth have hallucinations of daggers?

In Act 2, Scene 1, Macbeth sees a hallucination in the form of a dagger.

He sees the imaginary dagger right after his conversation with Banquo. In speaking to the dagger, he questions whether the dagger is real or a figment of his imagination. He tries to ask the dagger to come closer so that he can clasp its handle. Clearly, Macbeth is in a state of delusion.

He confesses to the dagger that it...

In Act 2, Scene 1, Macbeth sees a hallucination in the form of a dagger.

He sees the imaginary dagger right after his conversation with Banquo. In speaking to the dagger, he questions whether the dagger is real or a figment of his imagination. He tries to ask the dagger to come closer so that he can clasp its handle. Clearly, Macbeth is in a state of delusion.

He confesses to the dagger that it is already leading him in the way he plans to go. Furthermore, he tells the dagger that he sees some blood on its handle and blade that wasn't there before. At this point, he tells himself that he is seeing an imaginary dagger and that his eyes are playing tricks on him. We think he is recovering his lucidity until his next statement.

Macbeth claims that one half of the world is asleep and is plagued by evil dreams. Meanwhile, witches are supposedly offering sacrifices to Hecate and 'withered murder' is walking towards an evil destination. Macbeth begs the ground not to sound off his footsteps, for he would rather go towards his evil mission quietly. Additionally, he thinks that he had better stop talking or it will cool his desire to kill Duncan. As he hears the bell, he imagines that it is calling him to his murderous task. Before he leaves, he voices the hope that Duncan will not hear the bell that will either summon him to heaven or to hell.

What is the daughter isotope of carbon-14 decay?

The daughter isotope of carbon-14 decay is nitrogen-14.

Carbon-14 decay is most famously known for its application in carbon dating of fossils. It is generated in the upper atmosphere, when cosmic rays cause production of neutrons, which interact with nitrogen. All the living organisms contain a fixed ratio of two isotopes of carbon: carbon-12 and carbon-14. Till the organism (both plants and animals) is alive, it maintains this ratio. However, once the organism is dead,...

The daughter isotope of carbon-14 decay is nitrogen-14.

Carbon-14 decay is most famously known for its application in carbon dating of fossils. It is generated in the upper atmosphere, when cosmic rays cause production of neutrons, which interact with nitrogen. All the living organisms contain a fixed ratio of two isotopes of carbon: carbon-12 and carbon-14. Till the organism (both plants and animals) is alive, it maintains this ratio. However, once the organism is dead, it is unable to replenish carbon-14 and this ratio changes. Carbon-14 undergoes beta-decay, as per the following chemical reaction:

C-14 -> N-14 + `e^-`

In the decay process, nitrogen is generated, thus completing the cycle. Carbon-14 decay process has a half life of about 5730 years and can be used to determine the age of fossils.

Hope this helps. 

What type of communication strategies can be used to address an audience comprising both physically impaired people and healthy people combined...

Physical disabilities can influence people's interests and their abilities to take in information. Communication strategies that address both realities are most effective. 

Physical impairments can strongly influence how someone gains access to information. For example, a person who is hearing impaired may not get much from a lecture while a person who is visually impaired might struggle to understand concepts that are presented in a visual diagram. Fortunately, with technology these issues can be overcome....

Physical disabilities can influence people's interests and their abilities to take in information. Communication strategies that address both realities are most effective. 

Physical impairments can strongly influence how someone gains access to information. For example, a person who is hearing impaired may not get much from a lecture while a person who is visually impaired might struggle to understand concepts that are presented in a visual diagram. Fortunately, with technology these issues can be overcome. The concept of Universal Design for Learning (cast.org) helps communicators develop multi-faceted ways of presenting information so that all audience members can access it. 

A live presenter can leverage visual image and sound so that all information is presented in both media. Using a sign interpreter can help with people who understand sign; providing text in the form of notes can help with those who cannot hear a lecture well enough to understand it but do not use sign. Providing audible descriptions of visual images can help people who have visual impairments. The point of Universal Design for Learning is that these accommodations assist audience members with obvious physical disabilities, but they can also benefit people without disabilities through making the information clearer. 

A good communicator knows his or her audience--their interests and their motivations. People with disabilities vary greatly, as do people without disabilities, although having a disability might make certain presentations less attractive to some people. A person who is blind from birth may not be interested in the history of painting and might need some extra reasons why this topic might be important to him or her. Effective communication requires the presenter to build a bridge between the audience and the topic. 

How should World War One be remembered?

How World War I should be remembered is of course a matter of opinion. What we can say is the way it is actually remembered. World War I is remembered as a brutal conflict, a bloody stalemate where the Allies forced the surrender of the Central Powers through attrition. Its outbreak is remembered as a case study in irrationality, as the major powers of Europe were dragged into the conflict by alliance systems not in...

How World War I should be remembered is of course a matter of opinion. What we can say is the way it is actually remembered. World War I is remembered as a brutal conflict, a bloody stalemate where the Allies forced the surrender of the Central Powers through attrition. Its outbreak is remembered as a case study in irrationality, as the major powers of Europe were dragged into the conflict by alliance systems not in accordance with their interests. It is also sometimes described as the first modern war, one which featured such innovations as tanks, airplanes, machine guns and poison gas deployed on the battlefield with deadly consequences. Aside from the obvious tragedy of millions of dead, the war is remembered as even more of a tragedy due to the way it ended. The Treaty of Versailles, concluded at the end of the war, harshly punished Germany and imposed ruinous reparations that were impossible to pay. This created an atmosphere in that country that was conducive to the rise of radical movements like that of Hitler's Nazi Party. In fact, our memory of World War I will always be affected by our knowledge that, tragic as it was, it was essentially just a prelude for the more destructive conflict that followed. 

Why does the Little Prince cry when he sees the garden of roses? Does he have a reason to be unhappy?

The Little Prince cries when he sees the garden of roses because he thinks that his rose has lied to him. She had told him she was "the only one of her kind in the whole universe," but here was a whole garden filled with flowers that looked just like his rose! He also feels some pity for himself: "I thought I was rich because I had just one flower, but all I owned was...

The Little Prince cries when he sees the garden of roses because he thinks that his rose has lied to him. She had told him she was "the only one of her kind in the whole universe," but here was a whole garden filled with flowers that looked just like his rose! He also feels some pity for himself: "I thought I was rich because I had just one flower, but all I owned was an ordinary rose...That doesn't make me much of a prince." His tears are understandable, but misguided. He doesn't understand the nature of his love, or why she is unique. Of course, the prince will learn from the Fox that it doesn't matter whether there are other flowers that look like his rose -- what makes his rose unique are the shared experiences he has had with her. In fact, the prince can imagine exactly how his rose would react if she had seen the garden: he knows how she would cough and pretend to be ill to cover her embarrassment, and how he would work even harder to care for her. Far from being a reason for tears, the Prince will come to understand that such behavior is really a token of their love.

Who is a leader? |

As described in a top-leader overview by David K. Williams published in Forbes in 2012, a leader is a person who shows specific—yet varying—characteristics. These characteristics include, among others, foresight and innovation; courage and wisdom in the face of a failing business or marketplace; respect for employees' talents and contributions; respect for the potential for and the outcomes of risk-taking; embracing hard work and sharing good fortune; and confidence in one's own vision and dream....

As described in a top-leader overview by David K. Williams published in Forbes in 2012, a leader is a person who shows specific—yet varying—characteristics. These characteristics include, among others, foresight and innovation; courage and wisdom in the face of a failing business or marketplace; respect for employees' talents and contributions; respect for the potential for and the outcomes of risk-taking; embracing hard work and sharing good fortune; and confidence in one's own vision and dream.

The textbook Leadership: Theory, Application, and Skill Development answers "Who is a leader?" by stating the five categories of leadership traits and skills that define who a leader is.

1. Having the dual role to influence and to be influenced by followers (influence needs to go both ways in order for leaders to think about complex problems with expansiveness and clarity).


2. The actual act of influencing: followers are less effective when they lack action- and thought-influencing motivation given by a leader. 


3. Having and communicating clear and attainable goals resulting in fulfilled organizational objectives.


4. Being able to institute necessary organizational change and see it successfully through to adoption; organizational change requires the motivating guidance of a leader for it to succeed.


5. Attracting the right people for the needed roles and tasks at the right times and in the right places: people form the organization, comprise its followers and leaders (also called leader-followers), and drive goal attainment, objective achievement, and change implementation.

On what page of The Odyssey was the line "And Odysseus let the bright molten tears run down his cheeks, weeping the way a wife mourns for her lord...

I could not find the exact wording of your quote; however, I found a very similar epic simile on page 208 of the Robert Fagles 1996 book version. The same simile can be found on page 133 of The Odyssey PDF found here. 

Here is the epic simile where Odysseus' crying is compared to "the way a wife mourns for her lord on the lost field where he has gone down fighting":

"great Odysseus melted...

I could not find the exact wording of your quote; however, I found a very similar epic simile on page 208 of the Robert Fagles 1996 book version. The same simile can be found on page 133 of The Odyssey PDF found here. 

Here is the epic simile where Odysseus' crying is compared to "the way a wife mourns for her lord on the lost field where he has gone down fighting":

"great Odysseus melted into tears, running down from his eyes to wet his cheeks … as a woman weeps, her arms flung round her darling husband, a man who fell in battle, fighting for town and townsmen, trying to beat the day of doom from home and children. Seeing the man go down, dying, gasping for breath, she clings for dear life, screams and shrills— but the victors, just behind her, digging spear-butts into her back and shoulders, drag her off in bondage, yoked to hard labor, pain, and the most heartbreaking torment wastes her cheeks. So from Odysseus’ eyes ran tears of heartbreak now" (208).

Provide a character sketch of Virginia Otis.

In "The Canterville Ghost," Virginia is the only member of the family who shows no interest in the ghost at all. She does not bother him nor does she try to remove the blood-stain in the library, like the other members of her family. This demonstrates her unprejudiced and inclusive attitude towards others: she not only accepts the ghost as a fellow inhabitant of the house but she respects his historic position.

Secondly, Virginia is...

In "The Canterville Ghost," Virginia is the only member of the family who shows no interest in the ghost at all. She does not bother him nor does she try to remove the blood-stain in the library, like the other members of her family. This demonstrates her unprejudiced and inclusive attitude towards others: she not only accepts the ghost as a fellow inhabitant of the house but she respects his historic position.

Secondly, Virginia is kind-hearted, as we see in Chapter Five when she meets the Canterville ghost in person. When he tells her that he was starved to death, for example, she offers him a sandwich from her case. In addition, when the ghost says that he has not slept for three hundred years and is very tired, her reaction provides further evidence of her kind and gentle nature:

Virginia grew quite grave, and her little lips trembled like rose-leaves.

Finally, Virginia is helpful and generous, even when her safety is in peril. This is shown by her willingness to help the ghost, even though she is warned against it:

Horrible animals with lizard tails, and goggle eyes, blinked at her from the carven chimney-piece, and murmured 'Beware! little Virginia, beware! we may never see you again."

What causes Macbeth to think he sees a dagger?

It is his "heat-oppressed brain" that causes him to think he sees the dagger. He speaks to it, saying "Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going," although he's going that direction anyway (his own dagger already in his hand), and the vision stays before his eyes as he moves. Then he notices that the incorporeal dagger has gouts of blood on it, and says, "It is the bloody business which informs / Thus to mine eyes." This...

It is his "heat-oppressed brain" that causes him to think he sees the dagger. He speaks to it, saying "Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going," although he's going that direction anyway (his own dagger already in his hand), and the vision stays before his eyes as he moves. Then he notices that the incorporeal dagger has gouts of blood on it, and says, "It is the bloody business which informs / Thus to mine eyes." This "dagger of the mind," as he has already called it, isn't just a dagger that appears in his mind, but is also a dagger that pierces his mind. 

He then notes that in the darkness, "o'er the one halfworld / Nature seems dead." Nature itself is dead in the dark, and it's the time for witches and Hecate and ghosts to be about. He imagines the wickedness of the night as he watches the dagger, working up his courage to murder Duncan in his sleep.

Why are George and Lennie different from other guys who work on ranches?

During their conversation in the first chapter, both Lennie and George make it obvious why they are different. Lennie urges George to speak about them and George states that ranch workers, which they are, "are the loneliest guys in the world". They have no family and don't belong anywhere. Such men come to work on a ranch, earn an income and then spend it all in town and are soon back on a different ranch working their butts off because they do not have anything to look forward to. This suggests that their lives are purposeless and without meaning.

He then states that he and Lennie, however, are different. They have a future and somebody to talk with and who cares about them. He says that they do not need to sit in a bar and spend all their money just because they have nowhere to go. He emphasizes the lost nature of the other ranch hands by stating that if they should land up in prison no one would care about them. They might just rot away in jail. It is not the same with him and Lennie for they have each other. They care about one another and if anything happens to the other, he can rely on his partner for help. Lennie affirms this by saying:

"... Because... because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that's why."

The discussion of their unique situation becomes a refrain throughout the novel. The two men find comfort in the fact that, unlike other migrant workers, they both have someone to rely on and they are family. The "future" that George alludes to is that he and Lennie are planning to put together a stake and then buy ten acres of land. This is their ultimate goal. As Lennie repeatedly states, they will live "offa the fatta the lan'" once they have acquired their piece of real estate. Unlike the other men, they are working towards something. They have a plan and they know where they are going to.

The two are clearly excited about their future. it is obvious that they are serious about achieving their goal for George is not even prepared to spend too much money in town when he decides to hang out with the boys at Susy's place. He states that he and Lennie are "rolling up" a stake. Their ideal so invigorates and excites the two men that Candy, the swamper, eavesdrops into their conversation and becomes drawn in by their dream. George is at first reticent about letting him in, but once Candy convinces them that he has money available that can make the dream become a reality sooner, he becomes their partner.

George becomes lyrical when he realizes that their goal is within their grasp. Realizing this ultimate dream would show how truly different they actually are. They would not have to rely on anybody but themselves and would be able to make decisions about whom they befriend or reject and determine their own destinies. The dream is an invigorating inspiration to the three men.

In an unfortunate and ironic twist of fate, the dream is destroyed when Lennie becomes involved in a situation with Curley's wife in the barn and accidentally kills her. George, in the end, out of love and compassion for his dearest friend and companion, kills him before Curley and his men get to him. He spares Lennie the indignity of Curley's vengeance and malice.

How far do you think we are meant to accept Elizabeth Proctor taking on the blame for Johns adultery?

When Elizabeth found out about the relationship between John and Abigail, she fired the girl and hoped to sort the issue out with her husband privately. Her will to resolve issues with John privately brought her in direct conflict with Abigail, who hoped that Elizabeth would seek separation from John. When the opportunity arose, Abigail accused Elizabeth of witchcraft.

In essence, Elizabeth sought to maintain her husband’s good name within the Salem community. She did...

When Elizabeth found out about the relationship between John and Abigail, she fired the girl and hoped to sort the issue out with her husband privately. Her will to resolve issues with John privately brought her in direct conflict with Abigail, who hoped that Elizabeth would seek separation from John. When the opportunity arose, Abigail accused Elizabeth of witchcraft.

In essence, Elizabeth sought to maintain her husband’s good name within the Salem community. She did admit to her own weaknesses because she believed John was blaming himself for everything. She thought it fair to balance out the issue and pointed out the situation that led to John’s adultery. Elizabeth blamed her insecurities for what happened, but John remained adamant with regards to his own weakness.

Elizabeth: John, I counted myself so plain, so poorly made, no honest love could come to me! Suspicion kissed you when I did; I never knew how I should say my love. It were a cold house I kept! In fright, she swerves, as Hathorne enters. (Elizabeth admitting her role in John's adultery)

Through Elizabeth’s claims it was clear that they both had their weakness but they were willing to work through their issues. This attests to their close bond and their will to see their marriage prevail.

In "The Devil and Tom Walker" what possible plot developments does the mention of buried pirate treasure invite?

This sort of interpretation depends strongly upon the individual reader, as well as their understanding and literary connection to the concepts of treasure, pirates and hidden things. For example, we might expect that an American reader has a concept of pirates that more or less follows the tropes depicted in media such as "Pirates of the Caribbean", whereas a person more familiar with Somali pirates, or internet pirates, might have an entirely different series of...

This sort of interpretation depends strongly upon the individual reader, as well as their understanding and literary connection to the concepts of treasure, pirates and hidden things. For example, we might expect that an American reader has a concept of pirates that more or less follows the tropes depicted in media such as "Pirates of the Caribbean", whereas a person more familiar with Somali pirates, or internet pirates, might have an entirely different series of connotations. 

Buried or lost treasure is often used as a narrative device to spur characters into action. In film, it might be called a MacGuffin - something which drives the plot but is, in and of itself, relatively inconsequential. Consider, for example, that the treasure would have zero effect on the world if no one knew about it. 

The most straightforward plot development we might assume the treasure invites is that it will be discovered, and allow its new owner to achieve some sort of ambition. It also fulfills an aspect of the stereotypical American ideal of rising to the upper class through one's own efforts, or some sort of ingenious trickery. Similar themes are drawn upon in "The Great Gatsby", and ultimately the money itself is not as relevant as the character traits and transformations that it brings about.

How does Arthur Miller use the symbol of fire through the play The Crucible?

The play's title is a reference to fire, in that a "crucible" is a vessel made to withstand extremely high temperatures. The symbol of fire is a potent one for this play because burning was a prominent method of execution of accused witches during the European witch trials (witches in North America were hanged). In the opening scene of Nicholas Hytner's film version, the girls dance around a fire in a cauldron; this scene is...

The play's title is a reference to fire, in that a "crucible" is a vessel made to withstand extremely high temperatures. The symbol of fire is a potent one for this play because burning was a prominent method of execution of accused witches during the European witch trials (witches in North America were hanged). In the opening scene of Nicholas Hytner's film version, the girls dance around a fire in a cauldron; this scene is adapted from the play's descriptions of the "dancing in the woods" led by Tituba, after which Betty Parris fell ill and catalyzed the rumors of witchcraft.

Reverend Parris tells Abigail he saw Tituba waving her arms over the fire when he discovered them in the woods. The play suggests early on that Tituba may end up being blamed for the witchcraft, but in an emotional scene she accepts God and renounces her earlier temptation by the devil. In this way, suspicion falls on the girls who were there, and they conspire to ruin the elders of the town.

Some characters mention fire in connection to the fires of hell; in fact, hell is mentioned numerous times throughout the play. The imagery of hell and that of eternal damnation is often portrayed as a fiery pit, constantly burning. Fire is the punishment that might befall either those accused of witchcraft, or those who engage in false accusations, as when Giles Corey says:

"I mentioned my wife's name once and I'll burn in hell long enough for that."

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, what upsets Scout about her costume just before the pageant? What literary device is at work here?

After Mrs. Merriweather organizes a pageant at the school to honor Maycomb's agriculture, Scout is assigned to play the role of a cured ham. Mrs. Crenshaw, a seamstress, makes the costume out of bent chicken wire and brown cloth with two peepholes cut into it. Although Scout recognizes that Mrs. Crenshaw did a "fine job" designing the costume, she has several complaints: it's too hot, too tight of a fit, it does not allow her...

After Mrs. Merriweather organizes a pageant at the school to honor Maycomb's agriculture, Scout is assigned to play the role of a cured ham. Mrs. Crenshaw, a seamstress, makes the costume out of bent chicken wire and brown cloth with two peepholes cut into it. Although Scout recognizes that Mrs. Crenshaw did a "fine job" designing the costume, she has several complaints: it's too hot, too tight of a fit, it does not allow her to scratch her itchy nose, and she could not get out of it alone.

Scout drops her costume off backstage before the pageant begins and explores the Halloween carnival that has been set up to keep the children out of trouble. When she returns, she makes a sad discovery: "Somebody's mashed my costume." Mrs. Merriweather swoops in to save the day, re-shaping the chicken wire to look like a ham once again.

Although Scout's costume is ultimately okay, her complaints about it act as foreshadowing of the near-tragedy that occurs after the pageant. Walking home alone, Scout and Jem are accosted by Bob Ewell. As she had already mentioned, Scout cannot escape the ham costume on her own, and the wire meshing gets crushed, trapping her in a "wire prison." Although Jem tries to pull her to her feet, she is so entangled in the costume that it cannot be done.  While the costume does prevent Scout from running away, it also protects her, acting as armor against the vicious beating of Ewell. While Jem gets truly thrashed and winds up with a broken arm, Scout manages to get away with only a bump on her forehead. 

Why does Winston think he "killed" his mother in the book 1984?

The key words are: indoctrination and manipulation. Indoctrination and manipulation, as every reader of 1984 knows, are the key strategies of the Party to maintain control of the population.

This manipulation is evident in the story of Winston. Main character Winston has an issue regarding his memory and the possibility that he was responsible for the death of his mother. This doubt, and its eventual realization, occur in chapter 7, book 2 of the novel. As...

The key words are: indoctrination and manipulation. Indoctrination and manipulation, as every reader of 1984 knows, are the key strategies of the Party to maintain control of the population.

This manipulation is evident in the story of Winston. Main character Winston has an issue regarding his memory and the possibility that he was responsible for the death of his mother. This doubt, and its eventual realization, occur in chapter 7, book 2 of the novel. As readers, we are led to consider that he is more than likely not guilty at all of her death, but the system needs for him to second guess himself so that guilt and weakness can take over him. In the Party, power is about dividing and weakening the citizen.

Yet, in chapter 7 we find that Winston may be shifting his thoughts regarding his mother, when he tells Julia that he "had thought until then" that he was guilty.

until this moment I believed I had murdered my mother...

Notice that this chapter gives us insight as to the inner thoughts of society under the control of the Party versus the independent and individual thoughts and emotions that Winston is starting to foster through dreams and memories.

Like the prole, he has the ability to establish emotional attachments and, deep inside, he knows that he wants to establish them openly.

All this being said, the easy answer to the question as to why Winston thinks that he killed his mother is because he is falsely associating two separate events, one involving a theft of chocolate, and the eventual killing of his mother and his sister, as sequential events.

The fact is that the taking and killing of his mother and sister had nothing to do with Winston. However, the Party needs for him to continue to be confused, guilty, and feeling weak, in order to maintain the control of Winston and everyone who dares question the "order" of things.

What are two functions of carbohydrates?

The main function of carbohydrates in a living organism is to supply energy for life processes. When food is consumed by animals, one of the ultimate products of digestion is glucose, a carbohydrate that is carried to all the organism's cells. Once inside the cell, it is broken down in a process called cellular respiration. In simplified form, this means that carbohydrates and oxygen result in energy for the cell, with carbon dioxide and water...

The main function of carbohydrates in a living organism is to supply energy for life processes. When food is consumed by animals, one of the ultimate products of digestion is glucose, a carbohydrate that is carried to all the organism's cells. Once inside the cell, it is broken down in a process called cellular respiration. In simplified form, this means that carbohydrates and oxygen result in energy for the cell, with carbon dioxide and water as the resulting products of the reaction. Plants perform cellular respiration, but they also perform the "opposite" reaction of photosynthesis. Plants use carbon dioxide and water, plus the energy of the sun (or in some specialized cases, chemical energy) to build carbohydrates and release oxygen.

Other molecules can also be broken down in a living organism to supply energy; a supply of carbohydrates prevents proteins from being broken down for energy production. Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen if there is an excess.

Carbohydrates are structural parts of DNA/RNA. They are also part of the cell membrane, involved in cell recognition by other cells; ie, so that the organism's immune response recognizes cells as being part of the organism, and not an unwanted bacteria or fungus.

Explain the political and ethical dimension of existentialism and at least one other social philosophy that addresses discrimination on the basis...

Existentialism is a philosophy that attempts to evade categorization but can still be generalized. Despite huge differences among existentialists (some, such as Kierkegaard, were Christian and some, such as Sartre, staunchly atheist, for example), they all agreed that philosophy should begin with the human individual, the subject.

Authenticity is a central virtue in existentialism, which is often interpreted as freedom but has more to do with sincerity. It has to do with remaining true to...

Existentialism is a philosophy that attempts to evade categorization but can still be generalized. Despite huge differences among existentialists (some, such as Kierkegaard, were Christian and some, such as Sartre, staunchly atheist, for example), they all agreed that philosophy should begin with the human individual, the subject.

Authenticity is a central virtue in existentialism, which is often interpreted as freedom but has more to do with sincerity. It has to do with remaining true to yourself, to your own character, rather than acting out the will of other people. A lack of authenticity is bad faith. A person is seen to be acting in bad faith when they are acting according to some outside force, allowing others to guide and control their lives and shape who they are rather than being guided primarily from their self and taking control of and responsibility for who they are. This displays how the terms are related to freedom—an act of bad faith diminishes freedom, whereas authenticity opens one up to freedom. 

Ambiguity is also central to the human condition. We are creatures suspended between god and animal; we neither have complete power and control over ourselves and our lives, nor are we completely at the mercy of nature and our own bodies. We are and aren't our past. Our past has a significant influence on us, and it would be bad faith to ignore that and pretend we have no past, but it would also be in bad faith to tie ourselves to our past and act as if we have no freedom to pull away from it. The same is true of what we are born into. There is a constant ambiguity between all of the things we can't control, or our facticities, and the part of our lives and selves we can control, or our freedom. Freedom also means that we are responsible for our decisions and values. There is a famous existentialist saying coined by Sartre, "existence precedes essence", meaning that we are not born with an essential nature. We first solely exist, and throughout our lives our essence is created, meaning that we have a part in shaping it and that we can change it. In order to live authentically, we must take responsibility for our freedom and create ourselves and live out ourselves, despite (but never forgetting) our facticities.

Humans have often, in bad faith, ignored or relinquished this freedom and responsibility. This is because freedom and responsibility causes in humans an existential anxiety, or anguish. While we desire freedom, we also desire to relinquish it due to our ambiguous nature. We desire to be both subject and object. Anxiety is different from fear in that fear has a direct object, we are scared of something, whereas anxiety has no object. It is just a general, looming feeling that occurs as part of our human condition.

Simone de Beauvoir theorized that humans, in light of their anxieties about the ambiguity of the human condition, have historically used categories of "other" (in regards to sex and race) in an attempt to resolve this ambiguity (in bad faith). In The Second Sex and The Ethics of Ambiguity, she writes about how men oppressed women and made her into an object, removing her subjectivity, so that he could be a pure freedom. In doing so, men thought they had escaped human ambiguity—women are tied to nature, their physical existence, and men are completely free and not bound by their sex. They are human and women are "the second sex."

This responsibility for making our own selves means we also collectively make our own world. This is why a number of existentialists supported Marxism. 

Phenomenology, related to existentialism, has also addressed social discrimination.

What are some quotes from the novel To Kill A Mockingbird that describe what the courtroom looks like?

In Chapter 16, Scout gives a description of what it is like in the courtroom.The courtroom was on the second floor of the Maycomb County Courthouse which resembled a Victorian building. The courtroom is packed with spectators to witness the Tom Robinson trial. Jem, Scout, and Dill cannot find a seat in the lower section of the courtroom where the white spectators sit. The children sneak into the "Colored" balcony section to witness Atticus...

In Chapter 16, Scout gives a description of what it is like in the courtroom. The courtroom was on the second floor of the Maycomb County Courthouse which resembled a Victorian building. The courtroom is packed with spectators to witness the Tom Robinson trial. Jem, Scout, and Dill cannot find a seat in the lower section of the courtroom where the white spectators sit. The children sneak into the "Colored" balcony section to witness Atticus defend Tom Robinson. Scout says, "The Colored balcony ran along three walls of the courtroom like a second-story veranda, and from it we could see everything." (Lee 219) Reverend Sykes was kind enough to find the children seats where they could view the proceedings. Scout says, "the jury sat to the left, under long windows." (Lee 219) Later on in the trial, when Tom Robinson says Mayella hugged him around the waist, the courthouse overhead lights come on as Judge Taylor slams his gavel. These windows must have been pretty large to light the courthouse until sundown. Scout says, "there was a railing that divided the spectators from the court, the witnesses sat on cowhide-bottomed chairs." (Lee 220) She also says, "The witness stand was to the right of Judge Taylor." (Lee 221) When the children finally get settled in their seats, Mr. Heck Tate, the first witness, is on the stand.

When an ecologist warns that we are using up irreplaceable natural resources and an economist rejoins that ingenuity and enterprise will find...

Under the given circumstances, the basic assumption is that the forces of scarcity and supply and demand will be in play. When the ecologist states that we are using up irreplaceable resources, it means that such resources are scarce and in limited quantity and cannot be replaced. Anything that is scarce and limited in quantity will eventually run out, depending on our rate of consumption. Hence the supply of such sources is limited, and, as...

Under the given circumstances, the basic assumption is that the forces of scarcity and supply and demand will be in play. When the ecologist states that we are using up irreplaceable resources, it means that such resources are scarce and in limited quantity and cannot be replaced. Anything that is scarce and limited in quantity will eventually run out, depending on our rate of consumption. Hence the supply of such sources is limited, and, as the supply diminishes (while the demand stays steady or increases), the price of the commodity will increase. Over time, the continuous increase in price will force companies and consumers to looks for and accept alternatives that are relatively cheaper. Hence, price rise will force ingenuity and enterprise to find suitable alternatives. An example is petroleum. We have a limited quantity of it and the supply is going to run out some time in future. Given the oil crisis and rising fuel prices, scientists and businesses came out with solar power and wind energy and we are embracing them as possible alternatives to the petroleum oil.

Hope this helps. 

How does Wilfred Owen portray the physical and metal suffering of the individual soldiers in his war poems? I need to discuss this for an...

Many of Owen's poems discuss the physical and mental sufferings of soldiers during World War I. In perhaps his best known poem, "Dulce et Decorum Est", Owen contrasts the nobility of war as seen in the poems of Horace with the reality of trench warfare. He achieves this contrast by using vivid physical imagery of death, dying, suffering, and mutilation. The most dramatic imagery is that of the effects of mustard gas on a soldier:

...

Many of Owen's poems discuss the physical and mental sufferings of soldiers during World War I. In perhaps his best known poem, "Dulce et Decorum Est", Owen contrasts the nobility of war as seen in the poems of Horace with the reality of trench warfare. He achieves this contrast by using vivid physical imagery of death, dying, suffering, and mutilation. The most dramatic imagery is that of the effects of mustard gas on a soldier:

He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

... blood .... gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs ...

A poem that blends discussion of physical and mental effects of war is "Disabled", describing the thoughts going through the head of a disabled veteran who has lost legs and an arm in the war and is now watching people as active and athletic as he once was, and feeling bitterly depressed about his fate and about the way he is now treated by the able bodied.

Owen's poem "Mental Cases" discusses ex-soldiers who suffer from what we now would call post-traumatic stress disorder or what then was called "shell shock". Owen describes this phenomenon more poetically as:

These are men whose minds the Dead have ravished. 

... Always they must see these things and hear them,

Batter of guns and shatter of flying muscles...

In the poem, he shows these men constantly reliving the horrors they have witnessed in the war and unable to function outside an asylum.

Analyze the poem "Cleanthus Trilling" by Edgar Lee Masters.

It can be said that a seed hides a tree in itself. This poem too, in its shortness, tends to capture the movement of life in itself. One may simply demonstrate this little poem as a piece showing the natural growth of a plant while another may see it as a succinct image of life and some may even read it as a spiritual and religious poem.

Cleanthus or clianthus is a shrub that bears red flowers in cluster resembling a parrot’s beak. The poem, however, isn't just about cleanthus or any other plant. It’s more about a human life or about anything that tends to grow and develop like a plant.

The poem presents a step by step logical movement of one’s life- from seed to God. It begins with the image of a seed,

The urge of the seed: the germ. 

The image of seed is symbolic. It marks the beginning of life. Anything that begins follows a course of its development. The poem depicts a generalized course of development of life.

The journey of life begins from a seed. The seed’s only “urge” is to germinate; with germination the seed grows and there sprouts a stalk or a stem. On the stalk grow leaves followed by blossoms. Blossoms scatter pollen grains with a desire to give birth to another of its kind.

The word “urge” is repeated in every line of the poem. It underscores the point that there’s something very strong about each stage of life that makes the way for its successive growth. It hints at some undefined force that propels one’s growth further, inexorably.

Until the first five lines, the poem seems to be only about a growing plant. From the sixth line onwards, the poet, quite carefully and subtly, shifts the focus from the plant to a human being.

The image of the plant begins to fade away and quite spontaneously we replace it with that of ours.

The urge of the pollen: the imagined dream of life. 
The urge of life: longing for to-morrow. 

Having read the final two lines we know for sure that the poem is about us, the growth of our individual lives.

The urge of to-morrow: Pain. 
The urge of Pain: God.

We too have this “longing for to-morrow,” a much happier and a better tomorrow, but quite often it brings us “pain.” A universal experience indeed!

The pain the poet refers to is frustration, hardship and human suffering. And when we encounter it, we seek divine intervention; we remember God.

So it is the “pain” that reminds us of and turns us towards God. God represents the truth, the state of perfection and everything that’s good and right, devoid of any flaw or imperfection.

In this way, it may be said that the poet is eulogizing “pain” as it directs a misleading man to God. Humans have this general tendency to remember God when things are not right with them. We seek His help with a hope to find some immediate and assured remedy to our problems.

What's really fascinating about the poem is the fact that although we start reading it as the journey of a cleanthus plant, we finish it with a realization that it's actually about my own journey; this happens in merely nine lines.

How do Arthur Miller and John Steinbeck present the themes of hopelessness and the failure of the American Dream, through their texts, Of Mice and...

In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck presents George as a picture of a man who is hardworking but has an extremely heavy burden, taking care of Lennie. He speaks frequently of getting enough money to get himself a place of his own to farm, along with Lennie. Candy also is intrigued with this idea, offering to put up half of the money. Yet George seems to lose money rather than save it, not being...

In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck presents George as a picture of a man who is hardworking but has an extremely heavy burden, taking care of Lennie. He speaks frequently of getting enough money to get himself a place of his own to farm, along with Lennie. Candy also is intrigued with this idea, offering to put up half of the money. Yet George seems to lose money rather than save it, not being able to stay in any one place for long because of Lennie. His “release” from Lennie through the latter’s death, shows that being free and independent comes at a great price, especially in loneliness and despair.

In The Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller shows Willie Loman in the same position. He is constantly traveling, trying to make enough money to take care of his family and get ahead in the world. Yet his job takes him away from his family, causing sacrifice of the very security he is trying to earn. He has become invisible in a society that is progressing around him. As his wife says, “Attention must be made!” The sacrifices and labors of Willie Loman are symbolic of the loneliness and “invisibility” of the suburban male. Both Steinbeck and Miller thus depict the common American male is struggling to survive at the cost of companionship and belonging.

How can these conservation of energy and work energy theorems be related to each other? 2. Work-Energy Theorem: a. What physical condition must...

The work-theorem energy states that the net work done on an object or a system equals to the change of kinetic energy of that object or the system. The net work means the work of ALL of the forces acting on the object.

`W_(NET) = K_f - K_i=DeltaK`

The net work can be broken down to the sum of the work done by two different types of forces: conservative and non-conservative, so the work-energy theorem can be rewritten as

`K_f - K_i = W_(cons) + W_(nc)`

The conservative forces, by definition, are the forces such that the work done by them on the object equals the negative change of the potential energy of that object:

`W_(cons) = -DeltaU = -(U_f - U_i)`

If this is plugged into the work-energy theorem, it becomes

`DeltaK = -DeltaU + W_(nc)` , or

`DeltaK + DeltaU = W_(nc)`

This means that the change of the TOTAL energy of the system equals the work of ONLY the non-conservative forces.

When there is no non-conservative forces present, then `W_(nc) = 0` , so the work-energy theorem becomes the statement of the conservation of energy:

` ` `DeltaK +DeltaU=0` , which means that energy of the system is conserved when there is no external non-conservative forces acting on it.

It can also be written as

`K_f + U_f = K_i + U_f` , the sum of kinetic and potential energies in the final state equals the sum of kinetic and potential energies in the initial state. This means that if potential energy decreased, the kinetic energy must increase, and vice versa: if kinetic energy decreased, the potential energy must increase. In other words, in the absence of external forces, the energy can pass back and forth between kinetic and potential energy.

What was the purpose of the Halloween pageant? What practical joke persuaded the grown-ups to have an organized event?

The previous Halloween, evidently some pranksters hit Tutti and Frutti Barber’s house and vandalized some furniture belonging to them.  In order to keep these “criminals” in check and off the streets of Maycomb, Miss Merriweather writes a play that chronicles Maycomb’s agricultural history and contributions to society.  It is performed in the school gymnasium, but there is also a “haunted house” in one of the classrooms and treats for the children.  In the play, Scout plays the role of a ham and misses her cue to go on stage because she fell asleep waiting for her part.  The play ends, and the children head home on this spooky Halloween night only to be attacked by Bob Ewell.

The trip to the Halloween pageant sets up a foreboding mood, and we as readers can feel that something bad is going to happen.  Lee describes the night as “moonless” and dark.  Scout and Jem must once again pass the Radley house to get to the school, and during their walk, they are startled by Cecil Jacobs who jumps out of the bushes to scare them.   The Halloween pageant is used as a device to foreshadow the danger the children will be in by the end of the episode. 

In the novel Lord of the Flies, why do Ralph and Piggy refuse to paint their faces?

In Chapter 4, Jack decides to paint his face in order to disguise himself and blend in with the environment while he is hunting pigs. The "mask" gives Jack a feeling of liberation, and he is no longer self-conscience. Behind his painted face, Jack feels free to engage in barbaric acts of violence and behave like a savage. In contrast, Ralph and Piggy refuse to paint their faces and act like savages. Both Ralph and...

In Chapter 4, Jack decides to paint his face in order to disguise himself and blend in with the environment while he is hunting pigs. The "mask" gives Jack a feeling of liberation, and he is no longer self-conscience. Behind his painted face, Jack feels free to engage in barbaric acts of violence and behave like a savage. In contrast, Ralph and Piggy refuse to paint their faces and act like savages. Both Ralph and Piggy value civility and view Jack and his band of hunters with contempt. They understand the importance of maintaining a structured, civil society and realize that painting their faces will only promote savagery on the island. However, Jack encourages his hunters to follow his lead and mask their faces. Once the hunters paint their faces, they too become more savage and feel free to act violently.

From Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, describe Anne's relationship with her mother.

Anne is the second of two daughters born to Mr. and Mrs. Otto Frank. Anne's older sister Margot is 16 years old in 1942 when the diary begins and Anne is just 13. Since Margot is more mature, and not the baby of the family, it seems as if Anne's mother treats her with more dignity. Anne's biggest complaint throughout the book is that her mother treats her like a baby and loves Margot more....

Anne is the second of two daughters born to Mr. and Mrs. Otto Frank. Anne's older sister Margot is 16 years old in 1942 when the diary begins and Anne is just 13. Since Margot is more mature, and not the baby of the family, it seems as if Anne's mother treats her with more dignity. Anne's biggest complaint throughout the book is that her mother treats her like a baby and loves Margot more. As a result, Anne refuses her mother's attempts to show affection or concern and she says that she loves her father the most out of anyone in the world. In the entry dated 7 November 1942, Anne reveals the following feelings about her mother:

"We are complete opposites in everything, so naturally we are bound to run up against each other. I don't pronounce judgment on Mummy's character, for that is something I can't judge. I only look at her as a mother, and she just doesn't succeed in being that to me; I have to be my own mother . . . because I have in my mind's eye an image of what a perfect mother and wife should be; and in her whom I must call 'Mother' I find no trace of that image" (45).

This passage is powerful because Anne basically declares that her mother is a failure at motherhood. Anne never truly feels as though she understands her mother; but by 1944, she at least starts to grow from her bitter feelings towards her mother and strives not to hold a grudge. She realizes that her mother has gone through many stresses and anxieties in life, and while in hiding, that she understands when her mother has not responded as she would have liked. Ann also comes to the understanding that her own responses to her mother may have been too serious at times. The relationship between Anne and her mother never turns into what she would call perfect, but she does say the following:

"The period when I caused Mummy to shed tears is over. I have grown wiser and Mummy's nerves are not so much on edge . . . so we appear to get on much better together" (128).

This is good for Anne to learn about how to show more maturity towards her mother; however, she never really loves her, either. At least Anne and her mother find a way to establish peace between the two of them and to stop the yelling and arguing that once plagued their relationship.

In World War I, what did "mud cruncher" refer to?

During World War I, infantryman were given many nicknames to denote their lowly status. These nicknames included footslogger, ground pounder, rat, and gravel crusher. A favorite nickname for soldiers during World War I was the mud cruncher. Being an infantryman during World War I was a thankless job. You spent your time in the trenches for months on end in miserable conditions. Your life was in constant jeopardy from mortar attacks. As an infantryman, you...

During World War I, infantryman were given many nicknames to denote their lowly status. These nicknames included footslogger, ground pounder, rat, and gravel crusher. A favorite nickname for soldiers during World War I was the mud cruncher. Being an infantryman during World War I was a thankless job. You spent your time in the trenches for months on end in miserable conditions. Your life was in constant jeopardy from mortar attacks. As an infantryman, you were expendable.

The moniker is the name of a book by Matt Riddle that chronicles the experiences of a Carolina farm boy and his experiences in the trenches. The genesis of the nickname mud cruncher is uncertain, but it probably refers to dead bodies in the trenches with their bones being crunched by tanks.

`cos((5pi)/4 - x) = -sqrt(2)/2 (cos(x) + sin(x))` Prove the identity.

Prove the identity `cos((5pi)/4+x)=-sqrt2/2(cos(x)+sin(x))`

Use the formula `cos(u)cos(v)+sin(u)sin(v)`    

on the left side of the equation.

`cos((5pi)/4+x)`

`=cos((5pi)/4)cos(x)+sin((5pi)/4)sin(x)`

`=(-sqrt2/2)cos(x)+(-sqrt2/2)sin(x)`

`=-sqrt2/2(cos(x)+sin(x))`

Prove the identity `cos((5pi)/4+x)=-sqrt2/2(cos(x)+sin(x))`

Use the formula `cos(u)cos(v)+sin(u)sin(v)`    

on the left side of the equation.

`cos((5pi)/4+x)`

`=cos((5pi)/4)cos(x)+sin((5pi)/4)sin(x)`

`=(-sqrt2/2)cos(x)+(-sqrt2/2)sin(x)`

`=-sqrt2/2(cos(x)+sin(x))`

`A = 120^@, a = 25, b = 24` Use the law of sines to solve (if possible) the triangle. If two solutions exist, find both. Round your answer...

Given: `A=120^@, a=25, b=24`

The Law of Sines:   `a/sin(A)=b/sin(B)=c/sin(C)`

`25/sin(120)=24/sin(B)=c/sin(C)`

`sin(B)=[24sin(120)]/25=.8313`

`B=arcsin(.8313)`

` ` `B=56.24`

`C=180-120-56.24`

`C=3.76`

`25/sin(120)=c/sin(3.76)`

`c=[25sin(3.76)]/sin(120)`

`c=1.89` 

Given: `A=120^@, a=25, b=24`

The Law of Sines:   `a/sin(A)=b/sin(B)=c/sin(C)`

`25/sin(120)=24/sin(B)=c/sin(C)`

`sin(B)=[24sin(120)]/25=.8313`

`B=arcsin(.8313)`

` ` `B=56.24`

`C=180-120-56.24`

`C=3.76`

`25/sin(120)=c/sin(3.76)`

`c=[25sin(3.76)]/sin(120)`

`c=1.89` 

How does Steinbeck use racism against Crooks in Of Mice and Men?

Crooks is a black man on the ranch among white men. For this reason, he is in a difficult place.  He feels alienated more than the other men, who also experience alienation.  

One of the main points of the novella is that the life of migrant workers is lonely. There is no idea of community and friendship, even among men who work and live together on the farm.  This is why Slim is surprised...

Crooks is a black man on the ranch among white men. For this reason, he is in a difficult place.  He feels alienated more than the other men, who also experience alienation.  

One of the main points of the novella is that the life of migrant workers is lonely. There is no idea of community and friendship, even among men who work and live together on the farm.  This is why Slim is surprised to see that Lennie and George are actually friends.  Slim says:

Slim looked through George and beyond him. “Ain’t many guys travel around together,” he mused. “I don’t know why. Maybe ever’body in the whole damn world is scared of each other.”

This is the context of the novella.  All of this is far worse for Crooks.  He is completely alone.  At one point, Crooks says that no one ever visited his place.  Moreover, he stays away from the other men.  The pain that Crooks feels comes out in his conversation with Lennie. He says:

"You go on get outa my room. I ain’t wanted in the bunk house, and you ain’t wanted in my room."

“Why ain’t you wanted?” Lennie asked.

“’Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all of you stink to me.”

In short, Steinbeck paints a picture of near perfect alienation when it comes to Crooks, the lone black man on the ranch. He has it worse than the others. 

"One has all the goodness and the other all the appearance of it" (Mr Darcy and Mr Wickham) How far do you agree with Jane's statement in Pride and...

Jane's statement is absolutely accurate. We see Darcy and Wickham through Elizabeth Bennet's eyes. When she first meets them, she mistakes their surface appearances for who they really are. Elizabeth thinks that Mr. Darcy is prideful and snobby--which he is, at the dance. He rejects any of the local girls and afterwards works to sabotage Elizabeth's sister's engagement. Darcy judges the Bennets on their social status and assumes they are after husbands who have money....

Jane's statement is absolutely accurate. We see Darcy and Wickham through Elizabeth Bennet's eyes. When she first meets them, she mistakes their surface appearances for who they really are. Elizabeth thinks that Mr. Darcy is prideful and snobby--which he is, at the dance. He rejects any of the local girls and afterwards works to sabotage Elizabeth's sister's engagement. Darcy judges the Bennets on their social status and assumes they are after husbands who have money. Wickham, raised in the same household as Darcy, appears to Elizabeth to be charming and abused by Darcy. However, Darcy is really the person who is good at heart and he knows things about Wickham which are not revealed until later in the book. Darcy saves Elizabeth's young, foolish sister Lydia from disgrace with Wickham. Wickham allows Lydia (he doesn't prevent her from following her intentions) to run away with him, an action that will ruin her reputation and that of the Bennets. Darcy pays Wickham off so that Wickham will marry Lydia and prevent a scandal. Darcy also revises his earlier estimation of Jane and Bingley's relationship. Elizabeth eventually sees first-hand that Darcy is very good at heart, loved by his family and servants, and that Wickham is a lying scoundrel, interested only in money and his own pleasure.

In "The Minister's Black Veil", what happens when Reverend Clark tries to remove the veil?

"The Minister's Black Veil" opens with an unsettling change in the lives of the residents of the village of Milford; one of their religious leaders, Parson Hooper, has suddenly taken to wearing a black veil that covers half of his face. The veil seems, in style and manner, to be something one would wear while in mourning, but Hooper refuses to explain exactly why, or for whom, he is wearing it. This leads the parishioners...

"The Minister's Black Veil" opens with an unsettling change in the lives of the residents of the village of Milford; one of their religious leaders, Parson Hooper, has suddenly taken to wearing a black veil that covers half of his face. The veil seems, in style and manner, to be something one would wear while in mourning, but Hooper refuses to explain exactly why, or for whom, he is wearing it. This leads the parishioners to speculate on his behalf, thinking that it must be for some sin he has committed and intends to spend his life in atonement for.

At the end of the story, as Hooper is dying, he is attended to by his former fiancee, and another priest, Reverend Clark. Clark also assumes that Hooper is wearing the veil because he has some sin to atone for. However, Hooper has led an exemplary life, and Clark wants Hooper to die in such a way that the memory of all his goodness will not be tarnished by the "shadow" that the veil metaphorically casts over them.

In a surprising show of strength and energy, Hooper clasps his hands over the veil as Clark attempts to take it off, saying that he will never remove it while he is alive.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect immigration and the economy?

The Industrial Revolution affected immigration and the economy. When the Industrial Revolution began, our economy experienced growth. More products were being produced at a faster rate by the factories than were being produced when the products were made by hand. As more products were produced, more workers were needed. Some people moved from the countryside to the cities to get jobs in the factories. Other people came to the United States to work.

There were...

The Industrial Revolution affected immigration and the economy. When the Industrial Revolution began, our economy experienced growth. More products were being produced at a faster rate by the factories than were being produced when the products were made by hand. As more products were produced, more workers were needed. Some people moved from the countryside to the cities to get jobs in the factories. Other people came to the United States to work.

There were stories throughout Europe how the United States was a land of opportunity. Many Europeans were struggling economically and decided to come to the United States in pursuit of a better life economically, as well as politically and religiously. Since there were plenty of jobs available in the factories, many immigrants began to work there. Unfortunately, many immigrants didn’t see significant improvement economically because of the low pay. However, they did experience religious and political freedom. The increasing immigration to the United States also helped the economy grow. The immigrants not only provided the labor to do the work, they also bought products that were being manufactured. Thus, the Industrial Revolution helped both the economy and immigration to the United States grow.

In the novel Lord of the Flies, Golding shows the descent of order and rules into chaos and savagery. What are five examples from the book that...

1) In Chapter 2, during an assembly meeting the littlun with a mulberry birthmark on his face mentions that there is "beastie" on the island. This moment is significant to the collapse of civilized behavior because it begins the perpetual fear that is the catalyst for their irrational behavior. One of Golding's themes throughout the novel is how irrational fear can become destructive. The boy's fear propels them to seek protection from Jack, while Jack uses the fear to manipulate the boys into following his lead.

2) Another scene in the novel that speeds up the collapse of civilized behavior takes place in Chapter 4 when a ship passes the island. Jack convinces Samneric, who were in charge of maintaining the signal fire, to go hunting. When Jack and his hunters return with a dead pig, Ralph dismisses their accomplishment and chastises the hunters for allowing the signal fire to go out. This moment increases the tension between Ralph and Jack and illuminates their different ideologies. Later on in the novel, the group of boys will split because of differences between Jack and Ralph's form of leadership.

3) In Chapter 7, Ralph and Jack tell the boys they witnessed the beast on the top of the mountain. Jack accuses Ralph of being a coward and a weak leader. Jack attempts to usurp power but is unsuccessful. He runs away from Ralph's group and invites the boys to join his tribe. Jack's tribe is the epitome of barbarism and brutality. This moment speeds up the collapse of civilized behavior because it forces the boys to choose between the two tribes. Ralph's tribe represents structure, democracy, and civility, while Jack's tribe represents savagery, totalitarianism, and primitive behavior.

4) In Chapter 9, Simon climbs the mountain and witnesses the dead paratrooper. He runs through the forest to tell the boys the news that the "beast" is actually a dead human. On the beach, the boys are engaged in a hunting ritual, jumping and screaming in a frenzy. As Simon comes out of the forest, they mistake him for the beast and attack him. The boys stab, bite, and beat Simon to death. This moment is significant because it displays the extent to which the boys have descended into savagery and become uncivilized. They have proven themselves capable of killing human beings.

5) The final significant moment in the boy's descent into savagery takes place in Chapter 11 when Roger rolls a boulder, killing Piggy and breaking the conch. Piggy's murder symbolizes their complete rejection of civil society. The conch, which is a symbol of order and structure, also breaks. At this point in the novel, the only civilized character left on the island is Ralph. He is forced to fend for himself as Jack's tribe hunts him like a pig.

How Does The Flight Of Duncan's Sons Play Into Macbeth's Hands

There is a big question about the murder of King Duncan. What good would it do Macbeth to murder him when his son Malcolm was his obvious successor. Did Macbeth plan to murder all three--Duncan, Malcolm, and Donalbain--on the same night. Shakespeare did not seem to be planning very far ahead when he was writing the gripping scenes leading up to the murder of the King. It would appear that Shakespeare was counting on his own powers of invention to help him out. 

Shakespeare seems to have given Macbeth a few cryptic lines to suggest that he does have plans to do something about Malcolm and Donalbain but doesn't want to think about them at the moment. These lines are contained in the following dialogue in Act 1, Scene 4:

DUNCAN:
Sons, kinsmen, thanes,
And you whose places are the nearest, know
We will establish our estate upon
Our eldest, Malcolm, whom we name hereafter
The Prince of Cumberland; 

MACBETH:
[Aside.] The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step
On which I must fall down, or else o'erleap,
For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;
Let not light see my black and deep desires:
The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be
Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see.

Macbeth knows Malcolm would succeed his father, and, for that matter, Donalbain would succeed Malcolm if anything happened to his older brother. The lines Macbeth speaks to himself in an aside are intended to suggest that Macbeth must be planning to murder Duncan and his two sons that same night. He will never have another such opportunity. But Shakespeare evidently did not want to tell the audience what Macbeth was planning, simply because Shakespeare didn't know himself! He had enough to worry about with the murder of the King.

Shakespeare was a very busy man. He was not just a writer but a director, producer, casting director, manager, part owner of the theater, and even an actor. He probably had to work on his scripts when he could find the time and could not plan them out fully in advance. If he painted himself into a corner, so to speak, he had to rely on his genius to paint an escape exit on the wall to get him out. In other words, he probably didn't know how he was going to deal with Malcolm and Donalbain but was relying on his muse to help him--and she did!

When Macbeth has a meeting with Banquo in Act 2, Scene 1, he seems to be sounding Banquo out about joining him in his plot. Macbeth would like very much to have some help in dispatching three victims on the same night. But Banquo makes it clear that he is completely loyal to Duncan. Then when Macbeth finally kills Duncan, it would appear that he could not go ahead with murdering Malcolm and Donalbain (if that was what he planned) for a variety of reasons.

• He lost his nerve. He was so horrified by what he had done to Duncan that he began hallucinating. When his wife tells him to take the two daggers back to Duncan's chamber and smear the grooms' faces with blood, he says: "I'll go no more. / I am afraid to think what I have done; / Look on't again I dare not." He is in no condition to commit two more murders.


• Macbeth thinks he has heard a voice crying "Sleep no more!" loud enough to wake up the entire house. This is probably his imagination, but it is just as effective in preventing him from prowling around the corridors as if it were real.


• Then begins that ominous knocking at the gate which becomes louder and more insistent. It will wake up everybody in the castle, including, no doubt, Malcolm and Donalbain.


• It is noteworthy that Macbeth asks his wife, "Hark! Who lies i' th' second chamber?" She tells him Donalbain. He isn't even sure where to find the two boys.

So after the body is discovered, Shakespeare has Malcolm and Donalbain decide to flee for their lives. He didn't want to show Macbeth killing two young boys because he wanted to preserve some modicum of audience sympathy for his hero--and he knew he would lose it if he showed Macbeth killing two innocent boys in their beds. This expedient seems to have been a last-minute inspiration of Shakespeare's. It works perfectly because he can blame Duncan's murder on his sons. The idea is that they hired Duncan's two grooms to kill their father. They are not there to defend themselves, and Macbeth has killed the grooms to keep them from giving any testimony. No doubt many people, including Banquo, suspect Macbeth of being responsible for Duncan's death. But Macbeth manages to get elected Duncan's successor, and after that he doesn't care what people think--and they all know they had better not say what they are thinking anyway. 

Many historians argue that without French aid the colonists could never have won their independence. How did France help the colonists in the...

The kingdoms of France and England were enemies for centuries before the colonists pressed for independence from England. The French were bitter about their recent loss to England in the Seven Year's War. While not feeling any particular sense of commitment to the colonists, the French could not resist the opportunity to stick it to the Brits.

The French secretly sent money, munitions, tents and uniforms early in the Revolution. Benjamin Franklin was instrumental in...

The kingdoms of France and England were enemies for centuries before the colonists pressed for independence from England. The French were bitter about their recent loss to England in the Seven Year's War. While not feeling any particular sense of commitment to the colonists, the French could not resist the opportunity to stick it to the Brits.

The French secretly sent money, munitions, tents and uniforms early in the Revolution. Benjamin Franklin was instrumental in this relationship. As a representative of the colonies, Franklin, spent a lot of time in France persuading King Louis XIV to commit fully to the American cause.

After the colonial victory at Saratoga, the French signed formal agreements that established a true alliance between the two parties. The French sent military experts to train the colonial soldiers. French units fought alongside the Colonial Army in battle. The naval support supplied by the French was of greatest significance as the colonists were underequipped in that area.

The alliance guaranteed that neither the French nor the colonists would sign peace agreements with Britain until independence was guaranteed. This was important because the British at different times in the conflict seemed willing to offer compromises to the colonists.

How can I write a summary that describes pages 125-150 of Fahrenheit 451?

Please realize that without being given the specific ISBN number, there is absolutely no way for this educator to figure out if your book matches my own. (For example, an older hardcover edition has only 159 pages while the newest 60th anniversary edition has 176 pages in hardcover and almost 250 pages in paperback.) That being said, I am going to play it safe for you and give you a detailed summary from the last half of the book including Part 2 as well as Part 3 so that you can have a decent review of the pages you have already read.

In Part 2 of Fahrenheit 451 called “The Sieve and the Sand,” the character of Montag is entranced by reading the books he has found and spends the afternoon reading them. Meanwhile, there are mysterious scratching sounds made at the door (and the war jets fly overhead). The reader is meant to suspect it is the Mechanical Hound. Millie sees Montag reading and condemns the behavior by claiming the books are meaningless because the characters aren’t human like the characters on the television.

In the effort of reading, Montag gets frustrated easily (because he is not used to that pursuit). As a result, Montag decides he needs someone to teach him and remembers the man from the park who could quote from poems and was quick to hide something. The character’s name is Faber. As Montag attempts to visit Faber on the train, he has more distractions thrust at him and is unable to memorize a book of the Bible (Ecclesiastes).

Montag does finally meet with Faber who is quite wary of the visitor. Finally, Faber decides to help Montag even though Faber thinks that the war about to begin will destroy their society which is the result of human nature and even saving the books won’t prevent history from repeating itself.

In short, Montag and Faber decide to save the books through the help of a special device to help them listen to each other. Unfortunately, Montag goes home to more frustration from Millie who is entertaining the bland and “soulless” Mrs. Phelps and Mrs. Bowles. Montag decides to force them to hear Arnold’s “Dover Beach” and then throws the women out. In his great frustration, Montag flees back to the fire house only to hear the alarm again. The firemen head straight to Montag’s house.

In “Burning Bright” (Part 3 of Fahrenheit 451), the firemen arrive at Montag’s house to find Millie leaving forever. Faber continues to try to help Montag through their special listening device, but Captain Beatty discovers the new piece of technology and removes it from Montag’s ear. Further, Captain Beatty has Montag burn down his own home. Not quite knowing what he is doing, Montag kills Captain Beatty and maims the Mechanical Hound with the flamethrower. Unfortunately, Montag is already injected with some of the hound’s anesthetic before it is destroyed.

Montag flees through the back alleys of the city (trying to save any books he can find). He decides to go through with his original idea of sabotaging other firemen, such as Black, by placing a few books in his home. At Faber’s house, the two confirm that the war has begun and that Montag is being pursued. Because of this the two change their trajectory: Faber heads to the printer named St. Louis and Montag heads for the country. Montag is able to confuse the Mechanical Hound by jumping into the river. Montag floats down the river as the hound heads back into town. After leaving the river, Montag meets a small group of people who figure out who he is and offer to help him. One of these characters, Granger, gives Montag a potion that will confuse the hound further. The group watches the television as the manhunt concludes with the death of the wrong man (simply so the people watching can feel closure).

Granger and the group of people helping Montag are called “book covers” because each of them have committed a particular book to memory. In this way, they plan to use the oral tradition to pass on the value of reading and the specific knowledge from those books. It turns out that the time is now. Bombs hit the city, and the group turns back ready to share their information. The end of the book finds the character of Montag finally remembering much of Ecclesiastes from the Bible.

How did Jem get even with Scout for contradicting him about "Hot Steams"?

In Chapter 4, Dill tells Scout that he has the ability to smell death and that she will die in three days. Jem tells them to hush and says, "you act like you believe in Hot Steams." (Lee 48) Scout responds by saying, "You act like you don't." (Lee 49) Jem explains that a "Hot Steam" is a lonely soul that cannot get into heaven and wallows around on lonesome roads at night. The consequence...

In Chapter 4, Dill tells Scout that he has the ability to smell death and that she will die in three days. Jem tells them to hush and says, "you act like you believe in Hot Steams." (Lee 48) Scout responds by saying, "You act like you don't." (Lee 49) Jem explains that a "Hot Steam" is a lonely soul that cannot get into heaven and wallows around on lonesome roads at night. The consequence of walking through a "Hot Steam" is that you will become one when you die. Jem tells Dill that you have to say, "Angel-bright, life-in-death; get off the road, don't suck my breath" to avoid from being wrapped by one. (Lee 49) Following the conversation about "Hot Steams," the children decide to roll the tire. Jem is still upset that Scout contradicted him during the discussion on "Hot Steams" and pushes the tire with all his might once she gets into it. Scout ends up crashing into the Radley's front porch on accident and leaves the tire behind. Jem is forced to run into the Radley yard to retrieve the tire.

What events or situations in The Outsiders prove that Ponyboy is heroic and a good person?

I think the best situation to use as proof of Ponyboy's heroism and upstanding moral character is the burning church sequence.  Ponyboy and Johnny are on the run after Johnny stabbed and killed a Soc to save Ponyboy's life.  They are hiding out in an abandoned church.  After awhile, they are able to leave the church and return home.  But as they are leaving the church, Johnny and Ponyboy realize that the church is on...

I think the best situation to use as proof of Ponyboy's heroism and upstanding moral character is the burning church sequence.  Ponyboy and Johnny are on the run after Johnny stabbed and killed a Soc to save Ponyboy's life.  They are hiding out in an abandoned church.  After awhile, they are able to leave the church and return home.  But as they are leaving the church, Johnny and Ponyboy realize that the church is on fire and that a group of children have wandered into the structure. Without any thought for their own personal safety, Ponyboy and Johnny rush back into the church and save the children.  That's an act of heroism and clearly shows that Ponyboy cares for other people more than he cares for himself.  

Ponyboy's interactions with Cherry also show that he is a good person. He treats her with respect and dignity.  He doesn't try to woo her with dirty talk like the other Greasers, and he doesn't cast her off as some Soc that doesn't know anything either.  Pony treats her fairly.  

Why does Leigh's attitude change by the end of Beverly Cleary's Dear Mr. Henshaw?

In Beverly Cleary's Dear Mr. Henshaw, Leigh's attitude changes toward the end of the book due to excellent advice he receives from Mr. Fridley, the school custodian.

By February, Leigh is so brokenhearted by his father's treatment that he feels he has to take it out his anger on someone. He tries to seek revenge on the lunch thief by kicking any lunch he comes across down the school hall. Mr. Fridley stops him and says, "I don't want to see a boy like you get into trouble, and that's where you're headed" ("Tuesday, February 6"). When Leigh responds by complaining about not having any friends, Mr. Fridley tells him he "scowls all the time," which isn't very friendly, and tells him he is so wrapped up in his own problems that he's forgetting to notice everyone around him has problems. Mr. Fridley then says, to overcome Leigh's problems, he's "gotta think positively."

It is at this point in the story that Leigh begins to think positively. First, he is made happy when he sees swarms of beautiful monarch butterflies in a butterfly tree park. Then, he thinks positively by rigging an alarm inside of his lunchbox. The rigged lunchbox fails to catch the thief but helps Leigh make friends because the whole school is very impressed with his invention.

He even begins thinking positively about the lunch thief because he no longer cares to find out who the thief is; he realizes he no longer wants to judge the thief:

Maybe he was just somebody whose mother packed bad lunches—jelly sandwiches on that white bread that tastes like Kleenex. Or maybe he had to pack his own lunches and there was never anything good in the house to put in them. . . I'm not saying robbing lunches is right. I am saying I'm glad I don't know who the thief was, because I have to go to school with him ("Thursday, March 15").

Leigh also develops a more positive attitude about his father. Though he still misses his father and feels hurt, he has come to accept that his father will disappoint him and cannot be relied on. He has also begun to feel compassion for his father out on the lonely road, which is why Leigh tells his father he can keep Bandit once Bandit has been found and returned to Leigh.

In Macbeth, the witches end the first scene with a paradox, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair." Explain fully how this paradox is shown to be true in...

"Fair is foul and foul is fair" means that what seems fair or good is really bad, and what seems bad is really good. Appearances are deceiving. Macbeth seems to be the epitome of the perfect thane (lord), a fearless general who has, without thought for his own safety, charged into battle against the invading Norwegian army. Duncan praises him by saying, essentially, that he can't praise him enough. Macbeth responds with the most modest...

"Fair is foul and foul is fair" means that what seems fair or good is really bad, and what seems bad is really good. Appearances are deceiving. Macbeth seems to be the epitome of the perfect thane (lord), a fearless general who has, without thought for his own safety, charged into battle against the invading Norwegian army. Duncan praises him by saying, essentially, that he can't praise him enough. Macbeth responds with the most modest words imaginable, essentially saying that he has only done his duty to his king. He is, at this point, an honorable man, a great leader. By the end of Act 1, he will be a murderer. 

Lady Macbeth, also, is--as far as we know--a good wife who loves her husband and dotes on him. She is perceived by others to be a gracious hostess, worthy of her station. But even when we meet her, we see the foulness she is planning.

The thane of Cawdor, on the other hand, is a foul man who turns fair in the end. He allied in some way with the Norwegian army. They lost and he was captured. He lost his titles and lands and was sentenced to die. Knowing he had done wrong, Malcolm tells his father: 

But I have spoke
With one that saw him die: who did report
That very frankly he confess'd his treasons,
Implored your highness' pardon and set forth
A deep repentance: nothing in his life
Became him like the leaving it; he died
As one that had been studied in his death
To throw away the dearest thing he owed,
As 'twere a careless trifle.

This is one of the most beautiful eulogies to a death in all of Shakespeare, and it's spoken of the last words and actions of a traitor to the crown. 

What evidence is there to prove that Sook is like a child?

Throughout this story, which is a semi-autobiographical portrait of Truman Capote's own childhood, the reader is given suggestions that Buddy's cousin Sook is like a child. In the third paragraph, after Buddy has described what she looks like he explains why she calls him Buddy:  

She calls me Buddy, in memory of a boy who was formerly her best friend. The other Buddy died in the 1880's, when she was still a child. She...

Throughout this story, which is a semi-autobiographical portrait of Truman Capote's own childhood, the reader is given suggestions that Buddy's cousin Sook is like a child. In the third paragraph, after Buddy has described what she looks like he explains why she calls him Buddy:  

She calls me Buddy, in memory of a boy who was formerly her best friend. The other Buddy died in the 1880's, when she was still a child. She is still a child.

When Buddy relates memories of things they've done, he describes their activities as if they are things two children have done. For example, he describes the money they made with a "fun and freak museum" that had a three-legged biddy chicken:  "Every body hereabouts wanted to see that biddy: we charged grown ups a nickel, kids two cents." In saying "we charged grown ups a nickel" there is a sort of camaraderie and intimacy suggested in these words, since Sook is not included with the "grown ups" but rather is, like Buddy, a child who is making money from selling grown ups a ticket to the museum.

When Christmas morning arrives, Sook and Buddy are both like children, unable to sleep and eager to open presents. Sook mischievously makes noise to wake up everyone in the house, so they can get their Christmas morning started:  

Possibly we doze; but the beginnings of dawn splash us like cold water: we're up, wide-eyed and wandering while we wait for others to waken. Quite deliberately my friend drops a kettle on the kitchen floor.

This is another example of Sook behaving in a childlike way, and Buddy's fond remembrance of her youthful energy and happiness.