In "The Canterville Ghost," Virginia was the only member of the Otis family who noticed the forlorn and depressed ghost. Why do you think this is?

In Chapter Five of "The Canterville Ghost," Virginia Otis returns home after riding her horse and finds the ghost looking very depressed in the Tapestry Chamber. Her instinct is to run away but she becomes so full of "pity" that she is determined to try and comfort him.

This intervention tells us much about the character of Virginia. First of all, she is far more sensitive to the emotions of others, than anyone else in...

In Chapter Five of "The Canterville Ghost," Virginia Otis returns home after riding her horse and finds the ghost looking very depressed in the Tapestry Chamber. Her instinct is to run away but she becomes so full of "pity" that she is determined to try and comfort him.

This intervention tells us much about the character of Virginia. First of all, she is far more sensitive to the emotions of others, than anyone else in her family. We see this in Virginia's reaction to the blood stain in the library. While her parents and siblings simply try to clean it off, Virginia is "always a good deal distressed" about it and almost cried when the colour changed to emerald green. In this respect, Virginia is the most empathetic character in the story and this makes her more likely to notice the sadness of others.

Secondly, it could be argued that Virginia is the only person to notice the ghost because she is the only one who can fulfil the prophecy and help him to achieve redemption. As the prophecy states:

"When a golden girl can win,

Prayer from out the lips of sin,

When the barren almond bears,

And a little child gives away its tears."

The ghost cannot get eternal rest without the help of a "golden girl" who is prepared to cry for him. While Virginia believes that murder is wrong, she does not judge the ghost nor does she seek to prolong his suffering. She is prepared to help him in any way that she can, even though she is afraid of what lies beyond the tapestry door. In this respect, she truly is a "golden girl;" not just fair in complexion but of the highest and most noble character and this is why it is Virginia who notices the ghost, and not anybody else. 

Please paraphrase the poem Lucy Gray by William Wordsworth.

 The poem "Lucy Gray" can be divided into three parts. In the first, Lucy, a child of nature, spends most of her time outside, running innocent, wild, and free like an animal. She is compared to a fawn and a hare. In the second section, her father gives her a lantern and sends her into a snowstorm to fetch her mother home safely. However, Lucy gets lost. Her frantic parents search for her everywhere, "shouting...

 The poem "Lucy Gray" can be divided into three parts. In the first, Lucy, a child of nature, spends most of her time outside, running innocent, wild, and free like an animal. She is compared to a fawn and a hare. In the second section, her father gives her a lantern and sends her into a snowstorm to fetch her mother home safely. However, Lucy gets lost. Her frantic parents search for her everywhere, "shouting far and wide." They are ready to give up and accept she has died when the mother sees Lucy's footprints in the snow. The parents follow the footprints until the footprints stop, suddenly and mysteriously, in the middle of a wooden bridge.  The last section of the poem wonders if Lucy might still be alive, for some people say she can be seen running and singing on the wild moors. 

List the reasons the US went to war against Britain in the War of 1812.

The United States went to war against Great Britain in 1812 for the following reasons:

• the belief (not entirely incorrect) that the British government was supporting, even encouraging, Native attacks along the Northwest frontier. The attempted pan-Indian revolt led by Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa that was finally destroyed as part of the War of 1812 was seen as the product of British machinations. 


• the impressment of American sailors by the British navy. This practice had been ongoing for some time. Suspecting American ships of harboring deserters from the Royal Navy, British captains would often take American ships by force and force sailors--those suspected of desertion--to serve on British ships. This was part of a larger issue of free trade and freedom of the seas that emerged from the Wars of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars in France.


• a desire by many Americans to wrest parts of Canada from the British Empire. This was a popular motive among many of the "war hawks," a group of young politicians who clamored for war. These men saw the elimination of  British influence in Canada as the only means to end British meddling on the frontier, and believed it would open the way for further territorial expansion by the young United States, already doubled in size since the Revolution by the Louisiana Purchase. They also saw the first two issues listed above as intolerable affronts to the nation's honor.

Why is Act 4, scene 5 important in The Taming of the Shrew?

This is the scene where Katharina finally gives into Petruchio. Since he heard of her, he planned to marry her for her money and in the process “tame” her. He refuses to give up, humiliating her at her wedding and manhandling her, all in the name of love. Petruchio even interrupts her sleep and refuses to let her eat. He also treats his servants abominably, prompting even her to come to their defense.

On the...

This is the scene where Katharina finally gives into Petruchio. Since he heard of her, he planned to marry her for her money and in the process “tame” her. He refuses to give up, humiliating her at her wedding and manhandling her, all in the name of love. Petruchio even interrupts her sleep and refuses to let her eat. He also treats his servants abominably, prompting even her to come to their defense.

On the road, Petruchio asserts, “how bright and goodly shines the moon!” Katharina points out that it is the sun that shines in the middle of the day. He insists that she agree with him: “It shall be moon, or star, or what I list.” He threatens to return home, and for the first time, she relents: “What you will have it named, even that it is; / And so it shall be so for Katharina.”

Petruchio then plays a game, getting Katharina to greet an old man as “Young budding virgin, fair and fresh and sweet.” The moment can be interpreted as a joke that both Petruchio and Katharina enjoy or as a humiliation of Katharina by her controlling husband.

Find examples of an inversion and an invective in Chapters 1-4 of Animal Farm.

George Orwell uses both inversions and invectives in his classic novel Animal Farm. An inversion is also known as "anastrophe," and is a technique where the usual order of words is changed, usually for emphasis. For example, instead of the normal noun, verb order, the verb is placed first; or an adjective, which usually comes before the noun it modifies, is placed after the noun. In Chapter One, Orwell writes,

"Alone among the animals...

George Orwell uses both inversions and invectives in his classic novel Animal Farm. An inversion is also known as "anastrophe," and is a technique where the usual order of words is changed, usually for emphasis. For example, instead of the normal noun, verb order, the verb is placed first; or an adjective, which usually comes before the noun it modifies, is placed after the noun. In Chapter One, Orwell writes,

"Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed." (Orwell 26)

And in Chapter Three,

"About the rebellion and its results he would express no opinion." (Orwell 47)

In both of these sentences, the subject, which would normally come at the beginning of the sentence, is "he." 

An invective is an insult which attacks or denigrates someone or something and shows the strong emotion of the speaker. Shakespeare was famous for his invectives. Orwell also uses this in Chapter 1:

"Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits."  (Orwell 29)

A particle goes from point A to point B in 1.0 seconds moving in a semicircle of radius 1.0. What is the magnitude of the average velocity?

By, definition, the average velocity on the time interval `Delta t ` is the displacement vector divided by this time interval:

`vec v_(avg) = (Delta vecr)/(Delta t) = (vecr_f - vec r_i)/(Deltat)`

Note that average velocity and the displacement are vector quantities. The displacement is the vector difference between the final and initial position vectors.

As the particles moves from point A to point B in a semicircle, the displacement of the particle is a...

By, definition, the average velocity on the time interval `Delta t ` is the displacement vector divided by this time interval:

`vec v_(avg) = (Delta vecr)/(Delta t) = (vecr_f - vec r_i)/(Deltat)`

Note that average velocity and the displacement are vector quantities. The displacement is the vector difference between the final and initial position vectors.

As the particles moves from point A to point B in a semicircle, the displacement of the particle is a diameter of the semicircle (please see the attached image for illustration.)

The magnitude of the average velocity is then the length of the diameter of the semicircle divided by the time interval:

`|vec v_(avg)| = (|Delta vecr|)/(Deltat)` , `|Delta vecr| = d` , the length of the diameter of the semicircle. Since the radius of the semicircle is 1, the diameter is double the radius, or 2.

The magnitude of the average velocity is

`|vec v_(avg)| = 2/1 = 2` (units per second, the units in which the radius is measured is not given here.)

The magnitude of the average velocity is 2.

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In the story 'The Lady or the Tiger" which choice must an accused person make?

The accused person has to choose a door.

This kingdom is ruled by a semibarbaric king who believes that fate is the best justice.  He has devised a trial that involves only luck and (in his mind) fate.  If a person is accused of a crime, he is taken to an amphitheater where everyone watches him make a choice. 

Directly opposite him, on the other side of the enclosed space, were two doors, exactly alike...

The accused person has to choose a door.

This kingdom is ruled by a semibarbaric king who believes that fate is the best justice.  He has devised a trial that involves only luck and (in his mind) fate.  If a person is accused of a crime, he is taken to an amphitheater where everyone watches him make a choice. 

Directly opposite him, on the other side of the enclosed space, were two doors, exactly alike and side by side. It was the duty and the privilege of the person on trial to walk directly to these doors and open one of them. 

In the king’s mind, if the person chooses the door with the lady, he is innocent.  If he chooses the door with the tiger, he is guilty.  As you can probably predict, if he chooses the door with the tiger he will be immediately mauled to death.  The lady leads to happily ever after.

But, if the accused person opened the other door, there came forth from it a lady, the most suitable to his years and station that his majesty could select among his fair subjects, and to this lady he was immediately married, as a reward of his innocence. 

It seems perfect to the king, and the people love it.  They come to the spectacle knowing that they will witness either a bloody execution or a wedding celebration.  Either way, they will be entertained. 

The irony is that while the person cannot know what door he will choose, someone else might.  The princess learns which door is which when her lover is accused, and he knows she will know—and signal him.  However, what does she really want?  Does she want him to live, or will she let him die so no one else can have him?  The author does not tell us what happens.  He wants us to follow the clues, or perhaps our interpretation is based on our own feelings about human nature. 

What did Alfred Wegener theorize?

Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist. In the early twentieth century (1915), Alfred Wegener created the Continental Drift Theory. Using the Continental Drift Theory, Alfred Wegener proposed that all of the continents were once one large land mass. He called this land mass Pangea (“pan” = all). Alfred Wegener explained that, over time, the continents drifted apart to become the continents of today. Alfred Wegener used the following arguments to support his theory.

1. All the...

Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist. In the early twentieth century (1915), Alfred Wegener created the Continental Drift Theory. Using the Continental Drift Theory, Alfred Wegener proposed that all of the continents were once one large land mass. He called this land mass Pangea (“pan” = all). Alfred Wegener explained that, over time, the continents drifted apart to become the continents of today. Alfred Wegener used the following arguments to support his theory.

1. All the continents fit together like the pieces of a puzzle.


2. Mountain ridges on different continents match up when the continents are placed together into one large supercontinent. For example, the American Appalachian mountains match up with mountains in Scotland.


3. Similarly, the same fossils are found on complimentary continents of Pangea. For example, the same fossils are found on the coast of Brazil and western Africa.

Compare and contrast Achilles to Agamemnon in the play Iphigenia at Aulis.

The three major male characters in Iphigenia in Aulisby Euripides are Odysseus, Agamemnon. and Achilles, and each represent far different ethical positions in the play. Odysseus is clever and unscrupulous, regarding everyone and everything instrumentally. His goal is to support Menelaus in the war against Troy, and thereby also strengthen his political connections and network of favors and obligations, despite being lord of a poor and remote island. Thus he is quite willing to...

The three major male characters in Iphigenia in Aulis by Euripides are Odysseus, Agamemnon. and Achilles, and each represent far different ethical positions in the play. Odysseus is clever and unscrupulous, regarding everyone and everything instrumentally. His goal is to support Menelaus in the war against Troy, and thereby also strengthen his political connections and network of favors and obligations, despite being lord of a poor and remote island. Thus he is quite willing to see Iphigenia sacrificed.

Agamemnon appears in Euripides as he does in the Iliad as essentially weak and indecisive. He is torn between love of his brother Menelaus and love for his daughter whom the prophet Calchas has declared must be sacrificed. Unwilling to be honest, he invents the story of the marriage arrangement to dupe Clytemnestra and his daughter into being complicit with the sacrifice, and is strongly contrasted with the true heroism of Iphigenia herself. 

Achilles appears far more noble than Agamemnon in the play, concerned as much about the welfare of Iphigenia as about success in the war. Although he could have washed his hands of the whole issue once Agamemnon's duplicity was revealed, instead he takes responsibility for trying to save Iphigenia, even though eventually she makes the decision to be a willing sacrifice. He is portrayed as a strong and ethical character.

In a Excel file we are provided with 8 columns worth of data about soup ingredients. Columns A & B indicate the soup flavor where 1 = chicken...

Statistical analysis is the process of extracting meaningful information from raw data. There are two branches of statistics that are used in the development of the required information and these are;

• Descriptive statistics


• Inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics are used to provide a clear description of the data by obtaining information that would explain the data collected. They also show the distribution of the data as determined by descriptive statistical metrics. Descriptive statistics include; mean, standard deviation, coefficient of correlation, variance among others.

Inferential statistics are used to provide answers to hypotheses developed by the investigator or researcher and to offer predictive models. They also show relationships between the different variables based on the data collected. Inferential statistics include; regression, correlation, t-tests among others.

Starting with descriptive analysis, the mean for the different soup flavors and soup types can be calculated to determine the central value of the particular types and flavors.

The standard deviation is another measure that is calculated to determine the spread of the different values from the mean. A standard deviation close to zero shows the data is close to the mean, while those giving a higher value, show spread from the mean. This value can be calculated for the soup flavor and type independently by first calculating the variance then getting the square root where the result is the standard deviation.

The range is a statistic measure that is used to show statistical dispersion within the smallest interval in a data distribution. A range in this case can be calculated for the soup flavor and soup type.

Regression analysis which is a measure of inferential statistics can be calculated to estimate the relationship between the soup flavor and soup type. This can be done by holding the flavor or type as an independent or dependent variable. Regression would help the investigator to predict which soup type would be preferred for a particular flavor.

Correlation analysis can also be performed to determine the strength in the relationship between the different soup types and flavors.

T-test analysis can be performed to determine the difference between the soup flavors and types.

When developing the statistical analysis, it is advisable to start with frequency tables with percentages to provide a summary of the data and to enable simple extraction of the data for calculation using the models described above.

How much space would 18 ml of water take up if it evaporated?

When water evaporates, it changes from liquid to gas at a temperature below it's boiling point. The volume this amount of water occupies in the gas phase is much greater than in the liquid phase, and depends on its temperature and pressure. Since you didn't specify the temperature and pressure at which the evaporation is taking place, I will use 25 degrees C and 1.00 atm as an example. We also need to know the...

When water evaporates, it changes from liquid to gas at a temperature below it's boiling point. The volume this amount of water occupies in the gas phase is much greater than in the liquid phase, and depends on its temperature and pressure. Since you didn't specify the temperature and pressure at which the evaporation is taking place, I will use 25 degrees C and 1.00 atm as an example. We also need to know the number of moles of water, which can be calculated from its mass. Water has a density of 1.00g/ml at 25 degrees C, so 18 ml of water = 18 grams. Water has a molar mass of 18 grams/mole, so 18 gram of water = 1.0 mole.

The Ideal Gas Equation PV=nRT, can be used to calculate the volume:

V = nRT/P

n = 1.0 mole

R = ideal gas constant = 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K

T = 25 degrees C = 298 K

P = 1.00 atm

V = (1.0 mol)(0.0821 L-atm/mol-K)(298 K)/(1.00 atm)

V = 24.5 Liters

The molar volume, 22.4 L, is the volume of one mole of any gas at standard temperature and pressure, 273 K and 1.00 atm. If we used 272K (0 degrees C) for temperature the result of this calculation would be 22.4 L. You can substitute a different temperature and/or pressure into the ideal gas equation to find the volume under other conditions.

In "The Devil and Tom Walker", how does Tom's wife react to Tom's tale about the devil?

The story that Tom relates to his wife is about how he took a shortcut through the woods, and there encountered the Devil, who offered to give Tom a fortune in exchange for "certain conditions", which are not mentioned, but which apparently require some thought and consideration on Tom's part. Tom intends to think about this and then return to the Devil with his answer.

The narrative has some elements of a just-so story; things...

The story that Tom relates to his wife is about how he took a shortcut through the woods, and there encountered the Devil, who offered to give Tom a fortune in exchange for "certain conditions", which are not mentioned, but which apparently require some thought and consideration on Tom's part. Tom intends to think about this and then return to the Devil with his answer.

The narrative has some elements of a just-so story; things are exactly what they appear to be and explanations are shallow and matter-of-fact. Tom and his wife appear to be horrible people, and they are - there is no complexity to it. Thus, we may  not be surprised that Tom displays none of the emotion that we might imagine accompanies meeting the Devil, and neither does his wife when she hears Tom's story. Instead, she fixates on how to secure the treasure, and bullies Tom to accept the terms set forth, whatever they are.

Tom's wife eventually becomes fed up with Tom's hesitation, and determines to gain the treasure for herself. However, her bullying nature is not taken well by the Devil, who apparently kills her for attempting to pick a fight with him.

Why did Della take pride in the beauty of her hair?

O. Henry exaggerates Della's pride in her beautiful long hair for the same reason that he exaggerates Jim's pride in his gold watch.

Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the Queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair...

O. Henry exaggerates Della's pride in her beautiful long hair for the same reason that he exaggerates Jim's pride in his gold watch.

Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the Queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.

The author's purpose is to convey an impression of both Della's and Jim's feelings when they sacrifice their most treasured possessions for each other. But this is mainly Della's story. Readers will always remember "The Gift of the Magi" as a story about a young woman who sold her beautiful hair in order to buy her husband a Christmas present. Her sacrifice seems much greater than Jim's.

Della naturally takes pride in her hair because it is exceptionally beautiful and she has tended to it for so many years. It is her "crowning glory." But she is not as proud of it as O. Henry claims. It turns out to be worth only twenty dollars on the market. We sympathize with her when she goes to the vulgar Madame Sofroni and is shorn of her hair. We sympathize with her again when she gets home and looks at herself in the mirror. We sympathize with her while she is awaiting her husband's return. All of this is because we have been made to believe that her hair was of the greatest importance to her. She is making a supreme sacrifice out of her love for her husband. It is ironic that she has made the sacrifice for nothing, because Jim has sold the watch for which she sacrificed her hair to get the money to buy him the platinum watch-fob.

O. Henry felt he had to exaggerate the importance of Della's hair--to Della--in order to get the effects he wanted. We can identify with her feelings from the moment she rushes out of the flat to sell her hair up to the moment Jim returns from work and sees her looking like "a Coney Island chorus girl." We learn that one of the reasons Della attached such importance to her hair was that she thought it made Jim love her. But it turns out that he loves her just as much with or without her hair.

Compare and contrast Aunt Alexandra and Uncle Jack. How are they alike and how are they different? Include two quotes that support the comparisons.

Aunt Alexandra is Atticus Finch's sister, while Uncle Jack is Atticus's younger brother. Uncle Jack went to Boston to study medicine when he was younger, but Aunt Alexandra stayed in Finch's Landing and married the nearly silent James Hancock, known to Scout as "Uncle Jimmy." Uncle Jack is a warm man who is kind and indulgent towards Scout and Jem, while Aunt Alexandra is colder and wants Scout to be more traditionally feminine.

Scout says of...

Aunt Alexandra is Atticus Finch's sister, while Uncle Jack is Atticus's younger brother. Uncle Jack went to Boston to study medicine when he was younger, but Aunt Alexandra stayed in Finch's Landing and married the nearly silent James Hancock, known to Scout as "Uncle Jimmy." Uncle Jack is a warm man who is kind and indulgent towards Scout and Jem, while Aunt Alexandra is colder and wants Scout to be more traditionally feminine.

Scout says of Uncle Jack, "He was one of the few men of science who never terrified me, probably because he never behaved like a doctor. Whenever he performed a minor service for Jem and me, as removing a splinter from a foot, he would tell us exactly what he was going to do, give us an estimation of how much it would hurt, and explain the use of any tongs he employed." Uncle Jack understands how Jem and Scout experience the minor tribulations of childhood, and he is compassionate and patient. He also showers them with gifts. He treats Scout's minor infractions with a sense of calmness. He gently tells Scout not to swear while he's around but does not punish her.

On the other hand, Aunt Alexandra has definite ideas about how Scout should behave, and she dislikes Scout's tomboyish dress and manners. Scout says, "Aunt Alexandra was fanatical on the subject of my attire. I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn’t supposed to be doing things that required pants. Aunt Alexandra’s vision of my deportment involved playing with small stoves, tea sets, and wearing the Add-A-Pearl necklace she gave me when I was born; furthermore, I should be a ray of sunshine in my father’s lonely life." Aunt Alexandra believes that Scout should behave like a traditional girl, wearing dresses, playing with tea sets, and making her father happy. While Atticus largely discounts Aunt Alexandra's remarks, Aunt Alexandra continues to dispense  advice about how Scout should act to Atticus. While Aunt Alexandra believes that Scout's behavior should be guided by her gender and her membership in an aristocratic family, Atticus believes that Scout should be guided by humanity and kindness, meaning that she should treat all people in a fair way. 

What is one lesson to be learned from The Grapes of Wrath?

One of the main lessons that we see taught throughout the book is that generosity can come in all forms, and that even in your own darkest hour, generosity can be the most powerful thing you can give to someone else.

We see this in two main ways in the novel - the journey across country and Rose of Sharon feeding the old man at the end.

As the Joads make their way out west,...

One of the main lessons that we see taught throughout the book is that generosity can come in all forms, and that even in your own darkest hour, generosity can be the most powerful thing you can give to someone else.

We see this in two main ways in the novel - the journey across country and Rose of Sharon feeding the old man at the end.

As the Joads make their way out west, they take care of and invite along many other travelers. They share whatever they have when they do, and they don't have much. Although the situation they are all in sets up a perfect "me versus them" potential, that is not how the Joads approach this trip or their fellow travelers. In fact, instead of being selfish, we see them being very selfless. 

Toward the end of the book, when everyone is taking refuge in the barn, Rose of Sharon nurses a grandfather because he has been unable to eat. This shows the pinnacle of compassion and generosity because she has just delivered a stillborn child and yet, in her time of grief, she chooses to give that child's breastmilk to someone else who needs it to live. In the days before breast pumps, she feeds this perfect stranger the only way she can, by allowing him to literally nurse directly from her breast. His need outweighs her grief and perhaps even her feeling of awkwardness. 

So, from the novel, we see many episodes of generosity and it reminds us that we need not have a lot to give a lot. 

Explain the origin of Earth's motion based on the origin of the galaxy and it's solar system.

There are numerous theories as to the origin of our galaxy and our solar system within our galaxy.  I have attached two references that will detail several of them.

As far as motion of the earth, our planet has a prograde revolution around the sun. Prograde motion would be a counterclockwise motion.  All the planets in our solar system have this prograde revolution.  They all accomplish this revolution in the same plane.  Most all the...

There are numerous theories as to the origin of our galaxy and our solar system within our galaxy.  I have attached two references that will detail several of them.

As far as motion of the earth, our planet has a prograde revolution around the sun. Prograde motion would be a counterclockwise motion.  All the planets in our solar system have this prograde revolution.  They all accomplish this revolution in the same plane.  Most all the planets have a prograde roatation, like earth, as they perform this revolution.

One of the theories about how the universe and the galaxies and solar systems were formed after the Big Bang is a theory called the "nebular theory."  A nebula is a gas and dust cloud.  According to this theory, the gas and dust particles collided with each other, were gravitationally attracted to each other, and got progressively larger.  As this formation happened, a centripetal force was created by the force of the collisions and the mass of planets began to spin and revolve.  It should be noted there is room for the revolutions and rotations to go one way or another, depending on the angle of incidence in the collision of said gas and dust particles.  This would be one accounting for the present motion of the planetary constituents in our solar system.

How does Henkel link rewards and incentives to strategically-important employee behaviors and the company’s targeted outcomes?

Rewarding is much more than what the word implies. It is not just giving people a token of appreciation for doing something.

Rewarding is rooted on the principles of operant and classical conditioning proposed by B.F. Skinner, Pavlov, and a plethora of other social psychologists and researchers. By "conditioning", we mean the molding, contouring and "crafting" of new behaviors.  What behaviors are those? In the case of Henkel's, the behaviors that the company aims to...

Rewarding is much more than what the word implies. It is not just giving people a token of appreciation for doing something.

Rewarding is rooted on the principles of operant and classical conditioning proposed by B.F. Skinner, Pavlov, and a plethora of other social psychologists and researchers. By "conditioning", we mean the molding, contouring and "crafting" of new behaviors.  What behaviors are those? In the case of Henkel's, the behaviors that the company aims to foster and increase among employees are:

1. Increased quality in work performance

2. Attention to detail

3. Focus on quality assurance

4. Keep up the pace of demand/supply

5. Ethical dynamics with co-workers

Why does Henkel do this? According to their organizational culture page, the company pays as much attention and gives as much importance to the process of creating products as to the final products themselves. 

The five indicators mentioned above are clearly process standards. What it means is that these behaviors are entirely based on the process of developing the product, and not on the product marketing or packaging, or even sales. 

When rewards are given for these five indicators, according to the rules of conditioning, employees will increase their levels of motivation. As a result, they will be more likely to shift their usual behaviors at work toward those which reward them the most. This is how motivation plays such an essential part in making a difference between something "good" and something "great".

Henkel also states in the mission and vision statements that the organization wants, indeed, to be the best at what they do. By focusing on the process, rewarding employees at this level, and by motivating them to do better each time, Henkel expects to meet its goals, and they will become better than many of the competitors who may still be abiding by the product-based assessment tools from previous decades. 

Wren's bedroom is 12 feet long x 10 feet wide. She plans to purchase carpet for the entire room. The carpet costs $25 per square meter. What are...

The conversion of feet to meter is 1 foot=0.3048 meter

Length of bedroom= 12 feet

Length of bedroom = `12*0.3048` meters

Length of bedroom=3.6576 meters

Length of bedroom (rounded off to nearest tenths) (l) = 3.7 meters

Width of room =10 feet

Width of room in meters = `10*0.3048` meters

Width of room=3.048 meters

Width of room (rounded off to nearest tenths) (b) = 3.0 meters

Since the room is rectangular , so area of...

The conversion of feet to meter is 1 foot=0.3048 meter

Length of bedroom= 12 feet

Length of bedroom = `12*0.3048` meters

Length of bedroom=3.6576 meters

Length of bedroom (rounded off to nearest tenths) (l) = 3.7 meters

Width of room =10 feet

Width of room in meters = `10*0.3048` meters

Width of room=3.048 meters

Width of room (rounded off to nearest tenths) (b) = 3.0 meters

Since the room is rectangular , so area of the room = Length(l) x Breadth(b)

Area of the room = 3.7*3.0

Area of the room =11.1 `m^2`

Cost of the carpet=$25 per square meter

Cost of the carpet to cover the entire area of the room =25*11.1

                                                                              =$277.5

In The Yearling, how does Jody change through his ordeal of running away?

Jody begins his running away with something of a plan. He wants to run off to Boston to see Oliver and Grandma Hutto. He is consumed by the pain of his loss and unwilling to confront going home and what it will mean. At first he even tells himself that he is not hungry, that the smell of food doesn't hurt him much.

He works to come to terms with what has happened. He has...

Jody begins his running away with something of a plan. He wants to run off to Boston to see Oliver and Grandma Hutto. He is consumed by the pain of his loss and unwilling to confront going home and what it will mean. At first he even tells himself that he is not hungry, that the smell of food doesn't hurt him much.

He works to come to terms with what has happened. He has to tell himself out loud that Flag is dead and that his father "went back on him."

He then begins to feel the real hurt of starvation. He begins to have cramps and feel the weakness and pain of real hunger. He also notices things that he still has things to learn from Penny, like starting a fire without a tinder horn. 

He then understands what his mother meant when she said that they would all go hungry if he didn't do something about Flag. He begins to understand her and her worry and her reasoning for shooting the fawn.

When he stops to build a flutter mill and then realizes it holds no joy for him anymore, he has accepted the responsibility of being a man. He is terribly sad for what he knows he has lost. This loss is confirmed once he gets home and speaks with his father. As he falls asleep, he cries out for Flag. But "It was not his own voice that called. It was a boy's voice. Somewhere beyond the sink-hole, past the magnolia, under the live oaks, a boy and a yearling ran side by side, and were gone forever."

Could somebody please explain this essay prompt to help me understand it better? Discuss the ideas developed by the text creator in your chosen...

You asked for an explanation of the prompt: 'discuss ideas developed by the text creator in your chosen text about the human need to reconcile the uncertainties of the past with a new or present situation.'

Depending on your particular text, you can use textual evidence to illustrate the main themes of the story. This just means that, if you have finished reading your assigned text, the next step is to determine what the major themes are. Use the themes to illustrate how the author demonstrates the need to reconcile the uncertainties of the past with the present.

Take The Kite Runner, for example. One of the major themes of the novel is betrayal. Early in the novel, Amir betrays Hassan's trust by choosing to do nothing when Hassan is raped by Assef. Later, he callously ignores Hassan's mental and emotional suffering in the aftermath of the rape. Additionally, Amir compounds his betrayal by falsely accusing Hassan of theft. As a result, both Hassan and his father, Ali, are driven from Amir's household.

Another major theme of the novel is redemption. In fact, most of the novel concentrates on Amir's quest to redeem himself from his past failures. He has to prove his manhood to his forbidding father, Baba, as well as make right the wrongs he perpetrated on the faithful Hassan. To do this, Amir must reach into his past, determine his culpability there, and then resolve to choose different paths in his present life. In this story, the protagonist looks back at an uncertain past because he had yet to form his own masculine identity and his own moral values at the time. Now, because of what he has learned from his past, he is able to choose different actions in his present. The human need to reconcile the past with the present is the human need for redemption and closure. The themes of the novel highlight Amir's journey from guilt to redemption.

So, for any text you work with, you can answer your prompt by:

1)establishing the themes of your novel.

2)focusing on a character who has had a troubled and uncertain past, but who chooses to change as time continues.

3)using textual evidence to illustrate moments the author introduces ideas or themes about redemption and closure. For example, is the character hounded by guilt? Like Amir, does he show a change of heart after much internal conflict? Is there evidence to show why the character chooses to act differently in his present? If there is, what is the result of these actions? In essence, show how the character makes peace with an uncertain past by choosing better responses and coping skills in his present.

Hope this helps!

How is Hart chosen to be in charge of the concert in Andrew Clements' The Last Holiday Concert?

There are a few different events that lead to Hart being chosen to direct the choir for the holiday concert in Andrew Clements' The Last Holiday Concert.The first event is that Hart, the usually popular kid who always gets what he wants, does not getchosen to be the drummerin the school band. Hart is extremely disappointed about that because he thinks the drums are the "coolest [band instrument]" of them all....

There are a few different events that lead to Hart being chosen to direct the choir for the holiday concert in Andrew Clements' The Last Holiday Concert.

The first event is that Hart, the usually popular kid who always gets what he wants, does not get chosen to be the drummer in the school band. Hart is extremely disappointed about that because he thinks the drums are the "coolest [band instrument]" of them all. Instead of being in band, he's forced to join the school chorus. The second event is that, in a burst of resentment, Hart shoots Mr. Meinert, the chorus director, in the neck with a rubber band, since keeping a "tangled wad of rubber bands" in his pocket and occasionally shooting them is one of his vices (Ch. 1). Little does Hart know that Mr. Meinert is losing his job this year because of budget cuts. Being shot by a rubber band is enough to make him lose all courage to keep teaching his class, so he gives all control over the class to the kids, telling them they can do whatever they want.

At first, the kids don't know what to do with themselves. But, soon, they decide they need to choose their own director. A few different kids nominate themselves, but the kids agree they should vote, which is the third event. When Mr. Meinert counts up the ballots, he sees that Hart has been elected to be the director, making Hart the unexpected director of the holiday concert.

What if the Lusitania hadn't been sunk?

Of course, there is no way that anyone can answer this question with certainty.  There are too many variables that could have affected the way things happened for us to be sure how the “non-sinking” of the Lusitania would have affected history.  My own view is that this would not really have changed anything.

The most likely other response to this question would be to say that the US would not have gotten into the...

Of course, there is no way that anyone can answer this question with certainty.  There are too many variables that could have affected the way things happened for us to be sure how the “non-sinking” of the Lusitania would have affected history.  My own view is that this would not really have changed anything.

The most likely other response to this question would be to say that the US would not have gotten into the war had the Lusitania not been sunk.  From this point of view, the sinking, which killed 123 Americans, enraged Americans and made them much more pro-British than they otherwise would have been.  This led directly to the US entering WWI.

I do not tend to buy this argument.  I think that the US would have entered the war regardless of the fate of this specific ship.  The Germans’ unlimited submarine warfare would still have angered Americans.  The US would still have had strong economic incentives to side with the Allies.  The Zimmermann Telegram would still have caused a strong response in the US.  None of this would have changed if the Lusitania had not been attacked.

Perhaps the strongest argument is one about time.  If the Lusitania had really been an important turning point, why did the US take so long to get into the war after the sinking?  It is hard to argue that an incident in May of 1915 could have been the major turning point that caused the US to declare war on Germany in April of 1917.

For these reasons, I do not think world history would have changed significantly if the Lusitania had not been sunk.

Analyze the rhetoric in “How it Feels to be Colored Me” by Zora Neale Hurston.

In this essay, Hurston adopts a rhetorical voice that defiantly and boldly declares her enjoyment of being black. Her voice is that of someone who can't be kept down or defeated. She declares early that she is not a victim:

I do not belong to the sobbing school of Negrohood who hold that nature somehow has given them a lowdown dirty deal ... No, I do not weep at the world—I am too busy sharpening my oyster knife.

In the other words, the world is her oyster, and she is going to feast on it.

Slavery happened 60 years ago, and if it was the price of civilization, she says, so be it. She's over it.

In addition, she doesn't have to fear, as whites do, the loss of her status or of what she already has to another race. She says this adds pizzaz to her life:

The game of keeping what one has is never so exciting as the game of getting.

Further, whites can't experience jazz the way she can. She says of a white man who comes into her local Harlem caberet:

Music. The great blobs of purple and red emotion have not touched him.

In the end, however, she asserts she feels no different from a white person:

I have no separate feeling about being an American citizen and colored. I am merely a fragment of the Great Soul that surges within the boundaries. My country, right or wrong.

Hurston takes on a jaggy, jazz-like, almost Whitmanesque voice to take ownership of her space as an American. This is the rhetoric not of someone docile, begging for a place at the table, but one who will sweep in with her head held high and take what is her due.

Balance the word equation into balanced equation of potassium chlorate--->potassium chloride+oxygen

The basic rule of balancing the equation of a chemical reaction is to obtain same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. In other words, a balanced chemical equation contains the same number of atoms of an element on both the reactant side and the product side. In this case, potassium chlorate is the reactant and potassium chloride and oxygen are the products. Potassium chlorate has a chemical formula of...

The basic rule of balancing the equation of a chemical reaction is to obtain same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. In other words, a balanced chemical equation contains the same number of atoms of an element on both the reactant side and the product side. In this case, potassium chlorate is the reactant and potassium chloride and oxygen are the products. Potassium chlorate has a chemical formula of KClO3, while potassium chloride is represented by KCl and oxygen by O2.

The balanced chemical equation is given as:

KClO3 --> KCl + 3/2 O2

We can check if the equation is balanced or not, by counting the atoms of each element on both sides of equation. For example, the number of potassium atoms is 1 on both the reactant and product side of equation.

Hope this helps.

Does a heavier object fall faster than a lighter object?

Actually, all the objects fall with the same velocity when dropped from a certain height, in vacuum. When we drop a heavy and a lighter object from a height, both will be attracted by Earth and will have the same acceleration: g or acceleration due to gravity. The value of this acceleration is about 9.81 m/s^2.  Using the equations of motion:

s = ut + 1/2 at^2

where, s is the height through which the...

Actually, all the objects fall with the same velocity when dropped from a certain height, in vacuum. When we drop a heavy and a lighter object from a height, both will be attracted by Earth and will have the same acceleration: g or acceleration due to gravity. The value of this acceleration is about 9.81 m/s^2.  Using the equations of motion:

s = ut + 1/2 at^2

where, s is the height through which the object falls, u is the initial velocity (0 m/s for an object dropped from a height), a is acceleration (g in this case) and t is time taken. The equation is not dependent on the mass of the object. 

In real world, air resistance would mean that all the objects will reach a terminal velocity, but would fall at the same time on ground.

Hope this helps. 

What are the pros and cons regarding the annexation of Texas?

There was support for and opposition to the annexation of Texas. While much of the concern dealt with the slavery issue, there were other factors also involved.

The South was very supportive regarding the annexation of Texas. The South knew Texas would be a slave state since slavery existed in Texas. The North opposed the annexation because they were concerned it would add another slave state to the Union. Maintaining the balance between the free...

There was support for and opposition to the annexation of Texas. While much of the concern dealt with the slavery issue, there were other factors also involved.

The South was very supportive regarding the annexation of Texas. The South knew Texas would be a slave state since slavery existed in Texas. The North opposed the annexation because they were concerned it would add another slave state to the Union. Maintaining the balance between the free and the slave states was very important as this could impact legislation being discussed in Congress.

Another factor impacting annexation was our desire to expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Many people wanted us to expand, and Texas was part of the expansion plan. However, there were people who were concerned that the annexation of Texas might lead to war with Mexico. Mexico had never recognized the independence of Texas. There was concern that if we annexed Texas, Mexico would view this as an act of aggression against them.

Thus, there were reasons for and reasons against the annexation of Texas.

Describe Burris Ewell's attitude toward school.

Burris Ewell is not a fan of education and hates school. Burris, along with the rest of his family, only shows up for the first day of school each year because their truancy officer forces them to come. Burris confirms this fact by bragging that he has been coming to the first day of school for three years. Since Burris is in a first-grade class, and he has been coming for three years, he technically...

Burris Ewell is not a fan of education and hates school. Burris, along with the rest of his family, only shows up for the first day of school each year because their truancy officer forces them to come. Burris confirms this fact by bragging that he has been coming to the first day of school for three years. Since Burris is in a first-grade class, and he has been coming for three years, he technically should be in the fourth grade. On the first day of school, Burris is asked to leave and go home to wash his hair. The Ewells are a notoriously dirty family with low moral standards, and Burris is no different. After giving attitude to Miss Caroline, he is asked to leave. Burris insults Miss Caroline as he is leaving the school. Since Burris' father, Bob Ewell, is an uneducated alcoholic, it is more than likely that Burris will travel the same path.

What is the significance of this quote in The Crucible? "I come to do the Devil’s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie...

Reverend Hale utters these words in Act Four, after he has returned to Salem.  He left at the end of Act Three, having denounced the proceedings and determined that the court was, indeed, corrupt.  When he says, "I come to do the Devil's work.  I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves," he is referring to the fact that, though usually considered a sin, Hale now believes that lying -- confessing to witchcraft even...

Reverend Hale utters these words in Act Four, after he has returned to Salem.  He left at the end of Act Three, having denounced the proceedings and determined that the court was, indeed, corrupt.  When he says, "I come to do the Devil's work.  I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves," he is referring to the fact that, though usually considered a sin, Hale now believes that lying -- confessing to witchcraft even though the convicted is innocent -- is the least sinful way to respond to an unjust charge that will lead to their death.  He soon tells Elizabeth Proctor that "life is God's most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it [....].  [I]t may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride."  In other words, he says, if the convicted will not confess due to their pride, then they are throwing their lives away and thereby commit a worse sin than lying.  He believes that God would rather see them tell a lie than allow themselves to be killed for nothing.

Then, Hale says, "There is blood on my head!  Can you not see the blood on my head!!"  In Act Three, he said that he had signed seventy two death warrants for the convicted, and, now that he knows they were innocent, he feels responsible for their deaths.  

Was Paulo Freire a Leninist? Why or why not?

It would be a little simplistic, but not necessarily inaccurate, to label Paulo Freire a "Leninist." The author of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Freire was intellectually devoted to Marxist-Leninist interpretations of history. Early in the opening chapter of his protracted essay on the nature of education and educational processes and the effects on both of the stifling influence of the oppressive classes, Freire emphasizes the importance and severity of this phenomenon upon the role of pedagogy, or the process by which teachers are taught what and how to teach:

". . .while both humanization and dehumanization are real alternatives, only the first is the people's vocation. This vocation is constantly negated, yet it is affirmed by that very negation. It is thwarted by injustice, exploitation, oppression, and the violence of the oppressors; it is affirmed by the yearning of the oppressed for freedom and justice, and by their struggle to recover their lost humanity."

Throughout his essay, Freire repeatedly displays the influences of Marx, Hegel, Lenin and others upon his own philosophy regarding education. Citing a passage from Georg Lukas' essay Lenin: A Study on the Unity of his Thoughts, Freire wrote, 

"The oppressor knows full well that this intervention would not be to his interest. What is to his interest is for the people to continue in a state of submersion, impotent in the face of oppressive reality."

And, later, Freire injects into his discussion of the requirements for radically transforming educational processes Lenin's famous statement from What is to be Done, "Without a revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement," by which he means both theory and action are inseparable, the latter inspired and shaped by the former. 

Finally, in their study of Freire's intellectual development, Paulo Freire's Intellectual Roots: Towards Historicity in Praxis, Robert Lake and Tricia Kress meticulously trace the evolution of Freire's intellectual development, noting the enduring influences on their subject's thought not just of Lenin but of Hegel, Gramsci, Louis Althusser, and Georgi Plekhanov, the latter Lenin's teacher and the former, Hegel, a major influence on Lenin and, subsequently, on Freire. In short, Freire's philosophical perspective is indistinguishable from those of Marx, Hegel, and Lenin. He was, basically, the mid-20th century heir to Lenin, which could make him "Leninist."

To Lenin, the ability of the upper classes to oppress the proletariat was contingent upon the former's control of the educational processes that were used to shape the thoughts of the working classes. In this, Freire was entirely in agreement. Freire's arguments have their 21st century acolytes in American education, most prominently teachers and professors across the country who seek to eliminate what they consider European -- read: Caucasian -- influences from the study of history, the humanities, economics, and virtually all fields of academic study. The history of European imperialism, such educators argue, unfairly and inaccurately influenced the writing of history and the study of these other fields, leaving unspoken or unwritten the impact on non-Eurpean or non-Caucasian races and societies of European/American policies.

Was Freire a Leninist? Yeah, sure. More accurately, he was a Marxist-Leninist, drawing considerably from the evolution of Marxist thinking. His Brazilian, or "Third World" roots, indisputably colored his perceptions of history and international affairs, and that he was influenced by Lenin, among others, is beyond dispute.

What are two different plot elements in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

All plots are made up of five different elements. The first element is the exposition, which is found at the beginning of the story and is the moment the author introduces all major parts of the story such as the setting, the characters, and the main conflicts. The second element is the rising action, which refers to all action that takes place in the story as a result of the conflict; all rising action leads to the climax of the story. The climax, the third plot element, is the turning point in the story; its the moment when the conflict reaches its greatest point of intensity, and the resolution of the story is in sight. The fourth plot element is the falling action, which is all action that takes place after the conflict and brings the story to its resolution. The resolution, the fifth and final plot element, is the moment at the end of the story in which all problems posed by the conflict have been solved.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, author Harper Lee uses the entire first chapter as her exposition. Here, she introduces her narrator and protagonist, Scout Finch, plus all other major characters, including Scout's brother Jem Finch, their father Atticus, their cook Calpurnia, their new friend Dill, and the members of the Radley Family. Even a couple of minor neighborhood characters are introduced, such as the town's gossip named Miss Stephanie Crawford and Dill's aunt named Miss Rachel Haverford. Lee even establishes the Finch's ancestry by stating that their founding father, Simon Finch, came from Cornwall, England, as a fur-trapper and a persecuted Methodist who crossed the Atlantic and eventually made his way up to Saint Stephens, Alabama, where he  developed a very financially profitable homestead, called Finch's Landing.

Lee also uses the first chapter to set the novel in Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression, specifically when President Franklin D. Roosevelt had taken office during the 1930s. We know the novel is set during the Great Depression based on Scout's following narrative description of Maycomb's economy:

A day was twenty-four hours long but seemed longer. There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with. (Ch. 1)

We further know the novel is set during the Great Depression at the start of Roosevelt's presidency based on Scout's statement that "Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself," which is a reference to a famous line in Roosevelt's first inaugural address:

... let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself--nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. (as cited in George Mason University, History Matters)

As Lee progresses through the first chapter, we begin to see the development of conflicts. The greatest conflict has to do with events that led up to Jem's arm having been broken, which we later learn has to do with Tom Robinson's trial. A minor conflict concerns Dill encouraging Jem to try and get Boo Radley to come out of his house, a conflict that Lee uses to develop her central theme of prejudices.

What does each member of Gregor's family urge him to do?

In the story “Metamorphosis” by Franz Kafka, each member of Gregor’s family urged him to get out of bed and open his door on the morning of Gregor’s transformation. Because his family does not yet realize that Gregor has been transformed into a bug, they all urge him to get out of bed. However, they all seem to have different approaches.

For example, his mother gently reminds Gregor of the time to encourage him. As...

In the story “Metamorphosis” by Franz Kafka, each member of Gregor’s family urged him to get out of bed and open his door on the morning of Gregor’s transformation. Because his family does not yet realize that Gregor has been transformed into a bug, they all urge him to get out of bed. However, they all seem to have different approaches.

For example, his mother gently reminds Gregor of the time to encourage him. As shown in the story:

“Gregor,’ a voice called (it was his mother!) ‘it’s quarter to seven. Don’t you want to be on your way?’ The soft voice!”

On the other hand, his father uses a more abrasive and stubborn tone while beseeching Gregor to get out of bed. He continues to call out Gregor’s name and refuses to give up.  As the story illustrates:

“‘Gregor, Gregor,’ he called out, ‘what’s going on?’ And after a short while he urged him on again in a deeper voice. ‘Gregor!’ Gregor!’”

Lastly, his sister also comes to urge Gregor to get up. However, her turn is much more gentle. She also seems to be concerned about his well-being and what has caused him not to get up already. As the story shows:

"At the other side door, however, his sister knocked lightly. ‘Gregor? Are you all right? Do you need anything?’"

Thus, all of his family members urge him to get out of bed and come out of his room. However, they all seem to have different methods and motivations for their requests, which is shown in how they ask their questions.

How did industrialization change society and peoples' lives?

The industrialization of the world changed the manner in which people lived and the way societies interacted in a variety of ways including quality of life, economic power and political repercussions.  The landscape of the world morphed from a primarily agrarian culture to mechanical.  The new industrialization required people to re-think the cultural norms and challenge the government to adapt to the new way of life as well.

Industrialization changed society from agrarian to mechanical,...

The industrialization of the world changed the manner in which people lived and the way societies interacted in a variety of ways including quality of life, economic power and political repercussions.  The landscape of the world morphed from a primarily agrarian culture to mechanical.  The new industrialization required people to re-think the cultural norms and challenge the government to adapt to the new way of life as well.

Industrialization changed society from agrarian to mechanical, meaning the majority of sustainable jobs moved to larger cities.  This created several problems for the working class.  Living conditions during the early phases of industrialization were poor.  Cities, unable to handle the influx of workers, hastily erected poorly constructed and crowded apartment buildings or other residences.  The workers often lived close to the factories and were surrounded by pollution more often than not.  The work was also dangerous with little government oversight on new industries.  Workers, having yet to form unions, had little bargaining power with managers leaving the workers vulnerable to unsafe conditions.

However, as industrialization's problems were addressed through regulation and natural social reform it also allowed for the expansion of a middle class in America.  The agrarian society had either farmers, often struggling financially or skilled persons of wealth with a narrow middle class.  Industrialization expanded the middle class as workers could become skilled or semi-skilled in industry.  Competition among factories also allowed moderate skill workers to move easier providing a measure of economic independence.

The middle class had the benefit of expendable income for many.  This was used more for entertainment and comfort than ever before, creating a new consumer demand driven market.  New technologies also gave the working class more free time.  The free time and closer association with neighbors drove the creation of the entertainment industry as a viable market.  The darker side of the growing population in cities was racial tension and gang violence.

Industrialization brought wealth to society.  Trade and manufacture became increasingly important on a global scale.  Consumer demand for products, brought on by higher wages and expendable income, fueled the cycle increasing financial gains for the economy.  This came with a huge learning curve in the United States when the Great Depression occurred following the fall of the stock market in October 1929.  Investors had failed to realize the magnitude of the financial markets and the world paid a heavy price.

__________ carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the human body, and makes up 7-8 percent of their body weight

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of your body and makes up seven to eight percent of your body weight. Since blood is composed of many cells, it is considered a tissue. 

Blood is actually a mixture of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Each component is briefly described below:

- Plasmamakes up about half of the blood mixture. It is made of water, sugar, fats, proteins and salts....

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of your body and makes up seven to eight percent of your body weight. Since blood is composed of many cells, it is considered a tissue. 

Blood is actually a mixture of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Each component is briefly described below:

- Plasma makes up about half of the blood mixture. It is made of water, sugar, fats, proteins and salts. The proteins help blood to clot. Plasma also transports blood cells throughout your body. Plasma delivers nutrients, antibodies, waste products, and chemical messengers.  

- Red blood cells deliver oxygen to cells and need. Red blood cells also pick up carbon dioxide so that it can be exported from the body via the respiratory system. 

- White blood cells, or leukocytes, help protect the body from infection. Some produce antibodies.

- Platelets help to clot blood. 

Characterize Kevin from Freak the Mighty using pages 1-10.

Each time Max describes Freak in the beginning of Freak the Mighty, he refers to the intensity of Freak’s eyes, possibly to emphasize Freak’s determined spirit. Whatever Freak lacks in physical size, he makes up for it in personality.

Readers first get a glimpse of Freak when Max describes his daycare experience. He mentions that Freak’s physical differences weren’t quite as noticeable since everyone was small then: “He didn’t look so different back then, we...

Each time Max describes Freak in the beginning of Freak the Mighty, he refers to the intensity of Freak’s eyes, possibly to emphasize Freak’s determined spirit. Whatever Freak lacks in physical size, he makes up for it in personality.

Readers first get a glimpse of Freak when Max describes his daycare experience. He mentions that Freak’s physical differences weren’t quite as noticeable since everyone was small then: “He didn’t look so different back then, we were all of us pretty small, right?” (2).

One thing that did make him different, though, was the look in his fierce eyes. According to Max, they gave off a “don’t mess with me” kind of vibe. Even though Max was kicking everyone in daycare, he admitted to never kicking Freak.

This was the last time Max saw Freak until the third grade, but when he did see him again, Freak still had “death-ray eyes” (3).

This kid from Max’s childhood appears again, only this time, he’s moving into a house on the same street as Max. When Max sees Freak again, his physical differences are much more noticeable now than they were in daycare (8):

. . . there's this weird-looking little dude, he's got a normal-sized head, but the rest of him is shorter than a yardstick and kind of twisted in a way that means he can't stand up straight and makes his chest puff out, and he's waving his crutches around and yelling up at the movers.

His size might not be intimidating, but the look in his eye continues to catch Max’s attention. Once Freak notices Max looking on, he asks Max to identify himself in a way only Freak could. When Max didn’t answer, mostly due to shock, Freak told the “earthling” (Max) to die. Due to the look in his eye, Max literally thinks Freak hates him. He says, “The way he points that crutch is only part of it. You have to see the look in his eye. Man, that little dude really hates me. He wants me to die” (9).

Why does Roger lose his balance when he tries to steal Mrs. Jones's purse in "Thank You, M'am"?

Author Langston Hughes introduced many symbolic elements into the story "Thank You M'am" and the purse is one of those elements. In short, simple terms, Roger loses his balance because the purse strap breaks as he tries to snatch it off Mrs. Jones' shoulder and he ends up falling backwards onto the sidewalk. As described by the author, the purse is heavy because it has so many things in it. In addition, Mrs. Jones is...

Author Langston Hughes introduced many symbolic elements into the story "Thank You M'am" and the purse is one of those elements. In short, simple terms, Roger loses his balance because the purse strap breaks as he tries to snatch it off Mrs. Jones' shoulder and he ends up falling backwards onto the sidewalk. As described by the author, the purse is heavy because it has so many things in it. In addition, Mrs. Jones is described as a stout woman who would not have budged as the purse was yanked from her shoulder. The strap gave way sending the combined weight of the purse and the boy tumbling backward onto the sidewalk together. Symbolically, this event and the fact that her purse was so heavy that it caused Roger to fail in his theft attempt, has been connected to the character of Mrs. Jones who knows right from wrong and despite her circumstances, not only lives by a moral code but attempts to share that moral code with Roger. One could also say then that Roger lost his balance and fell due to an author's symbolic gesture, the fall, which kept Roger from succeeding so that he could enter Mrs. Jones' world and be influenced by her as part of the story.

In Zindel's The Pigman, how would you end chapter 2 if you could?

Chapter 2 in Zindel's The Pigmanends with John and Lorraine sitting on the bus laughing for no apparent reason. This is how they first bond and become friends, but there are some questions that are left unanswered at the end of the chapter as well. For example, it would be nice to know what happens after John and Lorraine finish their laughing fit together. Maybe the chapter could have ended with John introducing Lorraine...

Chapter 2 in Zindel's The Pigman ends with John and Lorraine sitting on the bus laughing for no apparent reason. This is how they first bond and become friends, but there are some questions that are left unanswered at the end of the chapter as well. For example, it would be nice to know what happens after John and Lorraine finish their laughing fit together. Maybe the chapter could have ended with John introducing Lorraine to Norton and Dennis once they get to school. Then, since Lorraine is superstitious and believes in omens, she could notice some type of dark omen concerning Norton, which would also be a good foreshadowing to his future criminal activities. She could tell John to watch out for Norton because she had a creepy feeling about him; and in response, John would tell her not to be so paranoid. This ending to chapter 2 would establish Lorraine's feelings of paranoia as well as her superstitious beliefs. It would also show how John's character is not superstitious because he wouldn't believe her. Finally, Lorraine's creepy feeling about Norton would create a foreshadowing into his future criminal behavior against his friends and Mr. Pignati.

Do you believe in capital punishment? Do you think it's wrong? Why? Are there any benefits? Suppose you killed an innocent person by...

Here , we request that you ask one question per post.  Therefore, I will answer one of your questions and, in doing so, I hope to help you answer another of the questions for yourself.

There are a number of benefits to capital punishment, at least in the eyes of people who support the practice.  I will list the main supposed benefits and allow you to make your own decision as to whether you...

Here , we request that you ask one question per post.  Therefore, I will answer one of your questions and, in doing so, I hope to help you answer another of the questions for yourself.

There are a number of benefits to capital punishment, at least in the eyes of people who support the practice.  I will list the main supposed benefits and allow you to make your own decision as to whether you support the death penalty.  The benefits are:

1. It deters people from murdering others.  The idea here is that a person who is contemplating murdering someone will be less likely to actually go through and kill if there is capital punishment.  If you know that you could be killed as punishment for killing, you will not be so willing to kill.


2. It prevents murderers from killing anyone else.  If we imprison murderers, they can at the very least kill another inmate or a guard.  They might even escape and kill a civilian.  If we execute them, they will never kill again.


3. It brings about closure and a feeling of justice for the families of murder victims.  The families of victims have been terribly harmed and have had their lives shattered.  By executing the person who killed their loved one(s), we help them to regain their lives and some measure of happiness.  We save them from having to go around knowing that their loved one is dead while the killer is still on this earth.


4. It makes people more likely to believe that our society cares about its people and its laws.  Societies are only able to remain cohesive if the people believe that their society is likely to protect them and that it cares about making people follow its rules.  When we execute murderers, we show all the members of our society that we really care.  We are willing to kill people who defy our most important rules.  This means that capital punishment helps keep our society together and stable.

Many people believe in some or all of these benefits.  Do you believe in them?  If so, do you think that they outweigh any ways in which you might think that capital punishment is bad?

What are similarities between the stories Trifles and "A Jury of Her Peers"?

Susan Glaspell is successfully able to transform her play Trifles into what would become her most famous story, "A Jury of Her Peers". 

In reality, it is easier to extrapolate the differences between the two works, more so even than the similarities. This is because a contrasting view of the two pieces helps us see which of the two carries with it more information, or offers more insight into the mindset of the characters. 

Since that is not an option, let's then look closely at how the two are similar. 

1. Central problem 

Both, the play and the story, have the same central problem. It is about the murder of John Wright by his wife, Minnie. The peripheral issue surrounding the central problem is also there. Namely, that the women have just discovered a motive for the murder, which may serve as key evidence to accuse Minnie Wright of murder. Hence, the women will try their best to conceal the evidence from the prying eyes of the male investigator, from the sheriff, and  from John Hale. 

2. Witness and investigators

As stated before, the witnesses are the same in "A Jury of Her Peers" as they are in Trifles. The county attorney, John Hale, and the sheriff, Mr. Peters, are the men actively looking for the cues around the house.

3. Names of the characters

Glaspell also keeps the names of each characters the same. Moreover, the female characters, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, also continue to address one another by their formal, married names. This means that, in both works, they maintain the same level of formality while still being able to bond at a higher level on behalf of Minnie. 

4. Location

The location of the story and that of the play are also the same. It is an isolated farm, in the middle of a non-stop winter. The inclement weather is also there, coloring the tone and atmosphere of the story with undertones of loneliness, isolation, and even desperation. 

5. Evidence

The evidence which directly points to Minnie Wright as the person responsible of committing the murder of John Wright is the same in the play and in the story. They include (in both works)

• the fruit compotes (which blew up with the winter cold)


• the dire condition of the house


• the unkempt kitchen


• the rope


• the disarrayed stitching pattern 


• the cage of the canary


• the hinged door of the canary's cage


• the body of the canary stuffed inside a box in a drawer

6. Background issues

The personal issues of each character, along with their prejudices, are also present in the story "A Jury of Her Peers", the way that they are in the play. The county attorney has an issue with women.  Sheriff Peters keeps laughing at them. Mrs. Hale still regrets not having gone to see Minnie Wright in years; she also remembers Minnie and how different she was before she got married to John. Mrs. Peters still has a deep issue with isolation and silence; in both works she remembers the death of her only child at age 2, and how the stillness and silence of the household was unbearable.

7. The decision to withhold evidence

The women of the story are more than just "true to their sex" like the county attorney suggested of Mrs. Hale, upon witnessing her defending Minnie's messy house. Rather than just "cheering" for a fellow female, they are actually quite aware of the reality of domestic violence that must have taken place in the Wright household. They are also aware that such degree of violence would have made any woman snap. 

Therefore, the story "A Jury of Her Peers" and Trifles keep the key elements that make them such unique works of literature intact. The basic gist remains the same, as well as the problem, the names of the characters, the evidence, and the ultimate discovery that Minnie is definitely responsible, albeit she does it due to an extreme reaction to domestic abuse. 

What do lines 7-9 of Canto 23 of Dante's Inferno mean?

In Canto 23, Dante worries that the demons will come after him and his companion, Virgil. While he ponders their fate, he is reminded of the soul of Navarre in the previous Canto and all that the unfortunate soul suffers at the hands of the demons. This is why he tells us that the 'present fray' has turned his thoughts towards the parable of the mouse and the frog. He is uncomfortably cognizant of the fact that there are parallels between the soul of Navarre's fate in Canto 22 and the fate of the mouse and frog in the parable. Dante clearly sees the soul from Navarre as the hapless mouse who is subjected to the mercies of the frog (the demons).

Comparing the two situations worries him to the point that he pleads with Virgil the necessity of hiding from the demons. Before we continue, I will briefly explain the parable of the frog and mouse. In the story (attributed to Aesop), a mouse wants to cross a pond. Without options, he reluctantly agrees to ride on the back of a frog. The frog, however, isn't really the kind soul he presents himself to be. He actually plans to drown the mouse when the two approach the middle of the pond. In the meantime, the sly frog suggests that the mouse tie himself to his back to prevent himself from falling off during the crossing. The mouse does so, but to his regret, soon discovers  the frog's true intentions. So, the mouse struggles to free himself; unluckily for him, however, an eagle catches sight of the mouse and swoops down to retrieve the mouse for his dinner. Since the frog and the mouse are tied together, the eagle ends up eating both animals for his supper.

In Canto 22, the soul of Navarre manages to flee from the demons by plunging into the depths of the boiling pitch. Supposedly on a mission to call up seven Italians from the boiling depths, the soul of Navarre manages to cause at least two demons to be plunged into the burning pitch with him. Now, this is where some experts disagree on which party represents the frog and which represents the mouse. Some argue that the soul of Navarre is the mouse and the demons, the frog: as the sly frog eventually shares the terrible fate of the mouse, so do the demons (the frog) suffer the same fiery punishment as the soul of Navarre (the mouse).

Other experts argue that the soul of Navarre IS the frog and the demons, the mouse. This is because they assert that the soul of Navarre (frog) tricks the demons (mouse) into jumping in after him and getting stuck in the boiling pitch. However, I see some difficulties with this interpretation, as the mouse is never presented in the parable as one who desires harm to come to the frog. Just the opposite is true with the frog: he means for the mouse to drown. Similarly, in Canto 22, the demons mean to inflict physical tortures on any soul they catch trying to escape the boiling pitch. To then equate them with the mouse figure becomes problematic.

To get back to our discussion, lines 6-9 demonstrate Dante's growing realization that the demons cannot be trusted and that any entanglement with them will inevitably lead to terrible suffering. This is why he is so fearful and why he strongly impresses on Virgil the necessity of hiding.

How can we find the angle between two plane mirrors if the no. of images formed are given?

Hello!

If the number of images is `n`, then the angle `alpha` between mirrors is

`alpha = 360/(n + 1)`

(in degrees, or  `(2pi)/(n+1)`   in radians).

To show this, consider the picture attached for `n=5` and `alpha=60` degrees.

Here O is an object, the mirrors are blue and hatched, and the reflections of mirrors are also blue. Five images are red dots and the real beam paths also drawn in red. The continuations of...

Hello!

If the number of images is `n`, then the angle `alpha` between mirrors is

`alpha = 360/(n + 1)`

(in degrees, or  `(2pi)/(n+1)`   in radians).

To show this, consider the picture attached for `n=5` and `alpha=60` degrees.

Here O is an object, the mirrors are blue and hatched, and the reflections of mirrors are also blue. Five images are red dots and the real beam paths also drawn in red. The continuations of beams are red and dotted.

The images 1 and 2 are formed with the help of one reflection. It is simple to find their positions: first take a perpendicular to a mirror going through an object. Then measure the distance from an object to the mirror and measure out the same distance to the opposite side of a mirror.

The images 3 and 4 require two reflections, from one mirror and then from the other. The beam path for the image 4 is shown. This image may be found as the reflection of the image 1 from the second mirror.

You can now draw a similar path for the image 3, and the image 5 requires even more reflections.

What are some quotes that show how quick-tempered Mercutio is in the play, Romeo and Juliet?

It is not by chance that Mercutio's name is derived from mercury, a poisonous and volatile element which is quick to respond to changes in temperature and is therefore used in thermometers. Furthermore, the planet Mercury is the closest to the sun and therefore very hot. Mercutio's hot temper therefore makes his name more than apt.

The best examples of Mercutio's quick temper are found in his confrontation with Tybalt, a Capulet, and Juliet's cousin, in Act 3, scene 1. Tybalt has forwarded a written challenge to Romeo. Mercutio is aware of the challenge and when he and Benvolio encounter Tybalt who seeks to have a word with one of them, he replies:

And but one word with one of us? couple it with
something; make it a word and a blow.

Mercutio's aggression is obvious. He tells Tybalt that a word is nothing and that he should add 'a blow' i.e. a physical confrontation, to make their meeting worthwhile.

Tybalt replies in the affirmative, that he is more than happy to indulge in a fight and that Mercutio would give him enough reason to do so. Mercutio, in response, asks Tybalt whether he cannot fight without being provoked. When Tybalt tells him that he 'consorts with Romeo,' Mercutio intentionally misinterprets the word as meaning that they are a troupe of singers. He then forwards a challenge:

look to hear nothing but
discords: here's my fiddlestick; here's that shall
make you dance. 'Zounds, consort!

He extends the minstrel metaphor stating that if they were minstrels, they would be out of tune and play discordant sounds. He then refers to his rapier as a fiddlestick which he will sway to make Tybalt and his companions dance. He uses the expletive 'Zounds', to indicate how upset he is for being referred to as a mere minstrel. Mercutio is obviously looking for a fight.

Benvolio obviously does not want to make a public scene and asks that they move to a more private place where Mercutio can make his grievances known. Mercutio stubbornly refuses:

Men's eyes were made to look, and let them gaze;
I will not budge for no man's pleasure, I.

He is intent on causing a fracas in spite of the Prince's earlier warning that any public brawl between the houses of Capulet and Montague or their adherents, will be severely punished. At this point, Romeo arrives.

When Tybalt refers to Romeo as 'my man', Mercutio feels insulted and tells Tybalt that Romeo could only be his man if he should lead him to the field of battle where they can fight. 

Tybalt issues a challenge to Romeo, which he refuses. He instead expresses his love for him. He asks him to be satisfied by this. Mercutio is angered by what he believes is Romeo's cowardly and feeble response. He shouts:

O calm, dishonourable, vile submission!
Alla stoccata carries it away.

He uses a fencing term meaning to direct one's rapier (at an opponent) and make a thrust. He then draws his sword and challenges Tybalt to a duel. He asserts that he will kill him and cudgel the remaining eight lives he has, for Tybalt is a cat with nine lives. Tybalt takes up his challenge and draws his sword.

Romeo tries to intervene and asks Mercutio to replace his rapier, but Mercutio refuses. The two men start their duel with Romeo shouting at them to stop and to heed the warning from the Prince. His intervention leads to Tybalt gaining an advantage and he mortally wounds Mercutio who later dies of his injury.

This event spells a dramatic turning-point in the play, for Romeo later avenges Mercutio's death by killing Tybalt. He is then banished from Verona or forfeit his life. All the successive events hereafter are a direct consequence of this incident. 

How is socialism expressed in 1984?

The oppressive, totalitarian government of 1984 is governed by a set of principles known as "Ingsoc," which means English socialism in the constructed language of the Party, Newspeak. The principles and origin of socialism are intentionally obscured by the Party, but it is common knowledge in Eurasia that a schism within the ideology was the basis of Big Brother's rise to power and Emmanuel Goldstein's exile. The Ingsoc that developed after Goldstein's exile primarily focuses...

The oppressive, totalitarian government of 1984 is governed by a set of principles known as "Ingsoc," which means English socialism in the constructed language of the Party, Newspeak. The principles and origin of socialism are intentionally obscured by the Party, but it is common knowledge in Eurasia that a schism within the ideology was the basis of Big Brother's rise to power and Emmanuel Goldstein's exile. The Ingsoc that developed after Goldstein's exile primarily focuses on how reality is constructed by the Party, as well as the necessity of submission to the Party. On the other hand, Goldstein's book, The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, is a socialist text that warns against authoritarianism. The likely real-life inspiration for this character was Russian socialist Leon Trotsky, whose opposition to Stalin's brutal, totalitarian interpretation of communism resulted in his exile from the USSR. Trotsky and Stalin are both considered socialists, although their methods and ideologies for a communist world differed drastically. Similarly, the Party and Goldstein are both proponents of Ingsoc, but Goldstein's ideology has nothing to do with the totalitarianism of the Party.

Goldstein, in his book, argues that the Party "rejects and villifies every principle for which the Socialist movement originally stood, and it does so in the name of Socialism." Orwell's intention in calling the politics of the party "socialism" was likely in response to the supposed communism of the USSR, a state characterized by violent repression, in stark contrast to the non-hierarchical collectivist worker's state proposed by pre-revolutionary Russian socialists.

What is the summary of Stave Four of A Christmas Carol?

Scrooge sees his future, but thinks it is the future of another man.

During Stave Four, Scrooge journeys with the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come in order to see the world after his death.  However, since Scrooge believes he is a changed man, he doesn’t realize that the man whose life he is seeing is him.  He thinks it is another unfortunate man whose miserable life he is seeing.

Scrooge begins by telling the ghost that he is most worried about this ghost.  He is dark and scary, with his features obscured, and doesn’t talk.

“Ghost of the Future!” he exclaimed, “I fear you more than any Spectre I have seen. But, as I know your purpose is to do me good, and as I hope to live to be another man from what I was, I am prepared to bear you company, and do it with a thankful heart. Will you not speak to me?” (Stave Four)

Scrooge is afraid of the ghost, because he is noncommunicative and looks spooky.  He also is worried about seeing his future.  He does not want to know what is going to happen to him in the future.  He tells the ghost that he will listen to him and pay attention to the visions he is shown so that he can learn from them.

As they continue through the future, Scrooge sees a group of businessmen who are discussing a man who has just died.  None of them are going to go to the funeral, and they are not really shaken up by his death.  Scrooge’s name is never mentioned.  He next sees two businessmen who very briefly discuss “Old Scratch” being dead, and the weather.   Scrooge wonders why the ghost is showing him such a trivial conversation.  He doesn’t understand that the ghost is showing him what a fleeting impression his death made on his fellow businessmen.

Next they go to a dark alley, in an area that “reeked with crime, with filth, and misery.”  Here Scrooge sees several household staff and an undertaker who have stolen from their employer.

“If he wanted to keep ’em after he was dead, a wicked old screw,” pursued the woman, “why wasn't he natural in his lifetime? If he had been, he’d have had somebody to look after him when he was struck with Death, instead of lying gasping out his last there, alone by himself.” (Stave Four)

They have taken his bedclothes, the curtains from his bed, his silver, and even the shirt he was supposed to be in.  Scrooge is horrified by what he sees, but it is too dark for him to recognize the items as his own. The woman’s point is a good one. If Scrooge had been a better person, he would not have died alone.

Scrooge acknowledges that the fate of the man whose things were stolen might have been his if he hadn’t changed.  In response, the ghost shows him a man on a bed, whom he is afraid to touch.  In terror, he asks to see emotion connected with the man’s death.  The ghost shows him two debtors that are thrilled that the man who lent them money died before they had to pay it back.  Scrooge is upset, and asks to see “tenderness connected with a death.”

As a result, Scrooge is taken to the Cratchits mourning Tiny Tim.  They are sad, but agree that they will stick together as a family and survive the tragic loss.  Scrooge is deeply affected, having asked the Ghost of Christmas Present if Tiny Tim would live and learning that if nothing changed, he would die.  That is the future Scrooge is seeing.

Scrooge asks to see the identity of the man whose life he has seen.  As a result, he is taken to his headstone.  He realizes that the man he has been seeing has been him.  It was his miserable future.  Scrooge tells the ghost that he will reform, and asks what the point of showing him these things is if he is past hope of being a better person.  He vows to keep Christmas in his heart. 

In The Outsiders, Two-Bit Matthews is involved in some significant events. Can you give me three significant events he is involved in?

One of the first significant events that Two-bit is involved in is saving Ponyboy from the Socs when he was walking home from the movies alone. This helps to establish Two-bit as a guy that is really looking out for the other greasers and always cracking jokes.

Two-bit is also there when Dally and Pony meet Marcia and Cherry. After they leave the drive-in and are headed back to Two-bit's car to give them a...

One of the first significant events that Two-bit is involved in is saving Ponyboy from the Socs when he was walking home from the movies alone. This helps to establish Two-bit as a guy that is really looking out for the other greasers and always cracking jokes.

Two-bit is also there when Dally and Pony meet Marcia and Cherry. After they leave the drive-in and are headed back to Two-bit's car to give them a ride home, Bob and Randy show up and take the girls home instead. He acknowledges the gulf between the Socs and the Greasers when he says he must have been crazy to ask for Marcia's number in the first place. He leaves to go get drunk and Johnny and Pony are left alone when Bob and Randy come back.

He is also in the hospital when Johnny's mother shows up to try and see him. After hearing her whining about how they ought to get to see him, he tells her "No wonder [Johnny] hates your guts." As Ponyboy often said, Two-bit sees right to the heart of things and isn't afraid to tell it like it is.

Death and dying are major components of gothic literature. "The Raven," "The Masque of the Red Death," and "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" all show...

Both Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, the authors cited here, are well known for themes of death and mortality occurring in their works. Poe's approach tends to be one exploring the atmospheric horror and emotional anxiety surrounding death, while Hawthorne often explores moral and social issues connected to dying. In his poem "The Raven" the protagonist who narrates the poem in the first person is grieving the loss of his lover Lenore. The raven appears and seems to mock the narrator's grief and loneliness. He speaks to the raven, asking if he will see his beloved again, asking if there is peace after death; but every question is met with the answer "Nevermore." The raven continues to haunt the narrator, and in the final stanza he states that his soul will never be lifted; he expects to grieve Lenore the rest of his days, and to (presumably) meet his own death with fear and dread. "

"And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor 

            Shall be lifted—nevermore!"

Poe's short story "The Masque of the Red Death" takes a very different tack: the protagonist, Prince Prospero (whose name connotes wealth), far from brooding on death, decides to defy it with an ostentatious party. The disease ravaging the countryside is known as the Red Death: it causes victims to bleed horribly from facial wounds and die suddenly, and is causing fear in all the residents of the kingdom, and so the prince decorates his castle for a decadent ball and invites everyone to attend. Each room is decorated in a different color, and these descriptions make up a large part of the story. The final room is decorated with blood-red walls, draperies and furniture, with an enormous ebony clock. Every time the clock strikes the hour, its tone disturbs the partygoers and musicians, and they are overcome with a feeling of discomfort and dread:

"it was observed that the giddiest grew pale, and the more aged and sedate passed their hands over their brows as if in confused reverie or meditation."

One party guest arrives who is dressed as the Red Death, and shortly thereafter the guests fall ill and die, including the Prince. Two themes emerge: one, that it is conceited folly to assume that anyone can cheat Death when their time has come (the clock is a potent reminder of this). Two, that decadence and revelry are an inappropriate way to acknowledge the horror of sudden death by illness. 

In Hawthorne's short story, "Dr Heidegger's Experiment," the protagonists are invited to consume an elixir said to be from the Fountain of Youth. Dr. Heidegger conducts the experiment with elderly friends, who briefly regain their youthful vigor. But just as quickly as youth arrives, it fades away and they are old once again. The metaphor of the drink serves to remind readers that youth is fleeting and can never be regained. Death is inevitable and seeking to deny aging means that one will not be ready to meet one's own death when it comes. The doctor sees the wisdom of refusing to try such an experiment again, but the subjects insist they will travel to Florida to try and find the legendary fountain of youth (once sought by explorer Ponce de Leon).