How did the enslavement of Africans affect the slave codes?

Slave codes were a consequence of the enslavement of West African people. They were laws passed in virtually every colony with slaves, and they enforced the legal and social aspects of slavery. Slave codes established enslaved people as property, legally attached to their owners. They generally established slavery as hereditary from one's mother, meaning that the offspring of enslaved mothers and free white men would be slaves. Many slave codes outlined criminal procedures for slaves,...

Slave codes were a consequence of the enslavement of West African people. They were laws passed in virtually every colony with slaves, and they enforced the legal and social aspects of slavery. Slave codes established enslaved people as property, legally attached to their owners. They generally established slavery as hereditary from one's mother, meaning that the offspring of enslaved mothers and free white men would be slaves. Many slave codes outlined criminal procedures for slaves, who were not allowed to testify in court, and could be convicted and punished without a jury trial. Slave codes underscore the extent to which slavery was an institution based fundamentally on violence, as most offenses by slaves were punished by violence even long after similar punishments were being abandoned for white criminals. Slave codes in most colonies gave masters the power to discipline slaves with impunity. They mandated that enslaved people keep papers when they traveled between plantations or within a town, and in many cases, they banned such activities as private meetings and reading. Slave codes, in short, were the legal foundation for the enslavement of African peoples.

What are three quotes that show how Mariam sacrifices herself in A Thousand Splendid Suns?

Quotes that show how Mariam sacrifices herself in A Thousand Splendid Suns display the extent to social practice challenges female identity.  

One example of Mariam sacrificing herself can be seen in her marriage to Jalil. She recognizes that in Afghanistan, marriage is synonymous with reducing a woman's identity.  Over the course of her marriage, Mariam understands how this is the case in her own:

It’s not so much what he says, the blatant lies,...

Quotes that show how Mariam sacrifices herself in A Thousand Splendid Suns display the extent to social practice challenges female identity.  

One example of Mariam sacrificing herself can be seen in her marriage to Jalil. She recognizes that in Afghanistan, marriage is synonymous with reducing a woman's identity.  Over the course of her marriage, Mariam understands how this is the case in her own:

It’s not so much what he says, the blatant lies, the contrived empathy, or even the fact that he has not raised a hand to her, Mariam, since he had dug the girl out from under those bricks. It is the staged delivery. Like a performance. An attempt on his part, both sly and pathetic, to impress. To charm. And suddenly, Mariam knows that her suspicions are right. She understands with a dread that is a blinding whack to the side of her head that what she is witnessing is nothing less than a courtship.

Mariam knows that her husband is wooing another woman, thereby reducing her own status.  However, there is nothing she can do about it.  She understands that her life is going to be one of sacrifice.  The quote also shows that Mariam must accept the fact that Jalil will never accept her as a soul mate. She must sacrifice any hope of finding happiness as a wife, a "blinding whack" of reality. 

Mariam sacrifices herself when she kills Jalil.  She does so to save Laila's life. Doing so means that she must accept the punishment of death that Afghan society sanctions:

After Mariam was punished with a sentence of death, she was led out to sign a document while the Taliban watched. “She wrote out her name - the neem, the reh, the yah, and the neem - remembering the last time she signed her name to a document, twenty-seven years before, at Jalil’s table, beneath the watchful gaze of another mullah. 

The signing of her own death warrant represents the sacrifice that was her life. Mariam sacrificed herself the last time she signed a legal document, her marriage certificate.  She now literally sacrifices herself in signing the document that guarantees her death. 

In her final moments of life, Mariam reflects about the sacrifice she made when she says,  “This is a legitimate end to a life of illegitimate beginnings.”  Mariam understands that in order to change the condition that faces women in Afghanistan, sacrifice must be made. She takes an active step towards this in her actions.  She wishes to legitimize something that society had deemed opposite.  When Mariam "does as she is told" for the last time, it is clear that she understands what it means to sacrifice.

What are Scrooge's servants doing when he visits them with the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come?

When Scrooge and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come see Scrooge's servants they are in a very seedy shop, selling off any of Scrooge's belongings they have been able to take from his house. Scrooge has been brought to see what will happen after he is dead. Scrooge first hears some acquaintances having a conversation about a man who has died. They give the matter very little attention or thought, and Scrooge wonders who...

When Scrooge and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come see Scrooge's servants they are in a very seedy shop, selling off any of Scrooge's belongings they have been able to take from his house. Scrooge has been brought to see what will happen after he is dead. Scrooge first hears some acquaintances having a conversation about a man who has died. They give the matter very little attention or thought, and Scrooge wonders who they mean. When he recognizes his belongings as those being sold he realizes it is his own death that people care little about. Scrooge has no doubt paid his servants as little as possible, and now that he is dead, they are selling off whatever they could take from his home. It is not much, as he has led a very frugal life:

 A seal or two, a pencil-case, a pair of sleeve-buttons, and a brooch of no great value were all...Sheets and towels, a little wearing apparel, two old-fashioned silver teaspoons, a pair of sugar-tongs, and a few boots.

It is this view of his life reduced to a cheap pile of goods, and hearing the horrible, deserved words said about him that help show Scrooge what a miserable life he has been leading.

Which house tradition did Thomas Jefferson end?

Thomas Jefferson was our third president. He had many issues with which to deal while he was president. Most people give Thomas Jefferson good reviews on his two-term presidency.

Thomas Jefferson ended a house tradition that was common. George Washington and John Adams believed in bowing to other people as a way to greet them. Some people didn’t like that idea because it reminded them of bowing to a King. Thomas Jefferson ended this tradition...

Thomas Jefferson was our third president. He had many issues with which to deal while he was president. Most people give Thomas Jefferson good reviews on his two-term presidency.

Thomas Jefferson ended a house tradition that was common. George Washington and John Adams believed in bowing to other people as a way to greet them. Some people didn’t like that idea because it reminded them of bowing to a King. Thomas Jefferson ended this tradition and, instead, used the tradition of shaking hands as a way to greet people. This tradition continues to this day.

Another practice that Thomas Jefferson stopped was giving the State of the Union speech in person. One of Thomas Jefferson’s strengths was that he was a very good writer. He was not a strong speaker. Thus, he sent a copy of his State of the Union Address to Congress. The tradition of giving the State of the Union Address to Congress resumed in 1913 with Woodrow Wilson.

Where are irony, ambiguity, and paradox present in "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost ?

There are two crucial stanzas in "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost that are essential to the comprehension of the poem. The juxtaposition between these two moments explains the irony, ambiguity and paradox present within Frost's masterpiece. These stanzas are the second and final stanzas.

SECOND: 

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that the passing there

...

There are two crucial stanzas in "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost that are essential to the comprehension of the poem. The juxtaposition between these two moments explains the irony, ambiguity and paradox present within Frost's masterpiece. These stanzas are the second and final stanzas.

SECOND: 

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,

FINAL:

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—

I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference.

An examination of these two stanzas demonstrates the paradox in the poem. The narrator explains that both of these roads are "worn... really about the same," and yet at the end of the poem the narrator claims that the road he took, which was less traveled by, made all the difference. This "less traveled by" is in direct conflict with "worn... really about the same." While some readers gloss over this juxtaposition, it is a crucial moment. The ironic (and ambiguous) part of the poem is that his choice of road didn't make any difference. The narrator is saying that people often proclaim their choices were special, when in fact they were standard. Frost is noting how nostalgia and narcissism transform how people talk about their past events and choices. 

Which of the following is correct according to MLA format? A) The works cited should appear as footnotes within your essay. B) Only the first...

Choice "A" is wrong.  MLA formatting stopped using footnotes in 1988.  Since then MLA has recommended the use of parenthetical citations instead.  

Choice "B" is even more incorrect.  Only citing the first quote in an entire essay is crazy.  Every single time that you use a quote from a new source, that source needs to be identified within a parenthetical citation.  A writer also needs to re-identify a source when he/she switches back to...

Choice "A" is wrong.  MLA formatting stopped using footnotes in 1988.  Since then MLA has recommended the use of parenthetical citations instead.  

Choice "B" is even more incorrect.  Only citing the first quote in an entire essay is crazy.  Every single time that you use a quote from a new source, that source needs to be identified within a parenthetical citation.  A writer also needs to re-identify a source when he/she switches back to it after using a different source previously.  

Choice "D" is also wrong.  I don't even know exactly what it means.  I do know that your citing needs to be as specific as possible, which means cite what you use. 

Choice "C" is the correct choice.  Signal phrases alert your reader to the fact that the following quote is not your original thought.  They key the reader into a coming quote and identify which source that quote is coming from.  Signal phrases typically include the name of the author of the quote and an action verb.  For example: Butch Sundance states ". . ." (14).  Without the signal phrase proceeding the quote, the quote appears to be a "floating quotation."  Floating quotations are quotations that appear to be used at random without any explanation.  

How could Jane Austen's Emma be considered a feminist novel?

Emma could be considered a feminist novel because it highlights the constraints faced by women in the small, fictional village of Highbury in the early 1800s. Emma, the main character, is wealthy, intelligent and attractive, yet because her father is a fussy hypochondriac, she has never once traveled from the aptly-named Highbury. Her claustrophobic existence has given her an inflated view of her own worth. While she claims to her friend Harriet that she is...

Emma could be considered a feminist novel because it highlights the constraints faced by women in the small, fictional village of Highbury in the early 1800s. Emma, the main character, is wealthy, intelligent and attractive, yet because her father is a fussy hypochondriac, she has never once traveled from the aptly-named Highbury. Her claustrophobic existence has given her an inflated view of her own worth. While she claims to her friend Harriet that she is rich enough never to need or want to marry, in the end, she realizes she has almost no other options.

Jane Fairfax, possibly the true heroine of the novel, faces her own set of constraints. Beautiful, elegant and an accomplished pianist, she has been educated to be a lady, but she has no money. Her choices are marriage to a man who will accept her without a dowry or governessing, and while she compares governessing to slavery, she steels herself to it when it appears her engagement to Frank Churchill is in collapse. 

Jane Fairfax's aunt, Miss Bates, is also a lady, but she has "sunk" from her former status as the rector's daughter and lives on an extremely limited income with her aged mother. She depends on the charitable gestures of other members of the gentry to survive, and she is forced tolerate the ridicule that accompanies being a single woman with no money. 

The novel implicitly critiques the lack of meaningful options all these women face, and in doing so, makes a case for allowing women greater opportunity and autonomy.  

Zaroff especially welcomes rainford because the general-

Zaroff especially welcomes Rainsford because the general looks forward to the challenge that hunting Rainsford will pose. 

Zaroff is aware of Rainsford's reputation as a hunter. When Rainsford arrives at Zaroff's chateau, Zaroff tells him:

"Perhaps," said General Zaroff, "you were surprised that I recognized your name. You see, I read all books on hunting published in English, French, and Russian. I have but one passion in my life, Mr. Rainsford, and it is the...

Zaroff especially welcomes Rainsford because the general looks forward to the challenge that hunting Rainsford will pose. 

Zaroff is aware of Rainsford's reputation as a hunter. When Rainsford arrives at Zaroff's chateau, Zaroff tells him:

"Perhaps," said General Zaroff, "you were surprised that I recognized your name. You see, I read all books on hunting published in English, French, and Russian. I have but one passion in my life, Mr. Rainsford, and it is the hunt."

He is aware that Rainsford is a talented hunter and will be a challenge for him. To this point, Zaroff has been hunting sailors that become shipwrecked on his island (by his own design). He complains to Rainsford that they do not challenge him.  He is able to kill them too easily, and as a result, he is suffering from boredom.  Being bored by the activity that was once his passion is greatly unsettling.  Hunting Rainsford, who will be difficult to kill because he knows all the strategies and tools of a skilled hunter,  gives him hope that he will restore his passion for the hunt.

Is Mary Maloney in "Lamb to the Slaughter" guilty or not?

Of course she is guilty. That is why she goes to so much trouble to establish an alibi and to dispose of the murder weapon. She is not guilty of first-degree murder because the murder was not premeditated. If all the cops investigating the case knew she was responsible for her husband's death, they would arrest her and take her to jail. No doubt she would make a full confession and would eventually plead guilty....

Of course she is guilty. That is why she goes to so much trouble to establish an alibi and to dispose of the murder weapon. She is not guilty of first-degree murder because the murder was not premeditated. If all the cops investigating the case knew she was responsible for her husband's death, they would arrest her and take her to jail. No doubt she would make a full confession and would eventually plead guilty. She would be indicted for something like second-degree murder or manslaughter. It is hard to know what would happen to her unborn baby, but it would undoubtedly be taken away from her. We might expect her to serve eight or ten years because of the extenuating circumstances and also because of the fact that she has a spotless prior record. All the policemen themselves could testify as character witnesses.

As readers we are induced to share in Mary Maloney's guilt because we want to see her get away with her crime. We are in a sense accessories after the fact. If we had the power to tell the investigating cops that Mary killed her husband with a frozen leg of lamb--we probably wouldn't do it. Would we? The story is not to be taken too seriously. Mary didn't really kill Patrick. Patrick wasn't really going to leave her. It is just a story. The idea of killing a man with a leg of lamb and then getting the cops to eat the lamb is ridiculous. Roald Dahl was noted for writing stories like this. His story "The Way Up to Heaven" is a good example. Another man who wrote tongue-and-cheek murder stories was John Collier. Good examples are "The Chaser" and "De Mortuis." Such stories always have a touch of humor to suggest that they are taking place in a sort of Never-Never Land where ordinary laws do not apply.

What are the biggest examples of injustice in To Kill A Mockingbird?

There are several cases of injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird. The two major ones are the injustice that is handed over to Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. When Atticus takes the case to represent Tom, we see how the people of the town show the injustice.

Tom Robinson was a black man accused of raping a white woman. During this time in Maycomb, black people were looked down upon and never trusted. Most of...

There are several cases of injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird. The two major ones are the injustice that is handed over to Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. When Atticus takes the case to represent Tom, we see how the people of the town show the injustice.

Tom Robinson was a black man accused of raping a white woman. During this time in Maycomb, black people were looked down upon and never trusted. Most of the people in Maycomb believed that Tom was guilty, although the evidence proved he was completely innocent. 

Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed.

The quote above shows injustice towards Tom Robinson because he was a black man. Atticus, Jem and Scout all knew that there was no way Tom would found innocent. Atticus knew about the injustice towards Tom, but he was powerless to stop it.

Boo Radley on the other hand, faces injustice because no one really knew him. The people of Maycomb all made up stories about what Boo really was. They judged him simply because they didn't know him.

Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom. People said he existed, but Jem and I never seen him. People said he went off at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows. When people's azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he breathed on them. Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. Once the town was terrorized by a series if morbid nocturnal events: people's chickens and household pets were found mutilated; although the culprit was Crazy Addie, who eventually drowned himself in Barker's Edd, people still looked at the Radley Place, unwilling to discard their inner suspicions. 

As you read the book, you learn just how wrong the people of Maycomb are about both Tom and Boo. Tom was served injustice just because he was a black man and a white woman accused him of something. Had he been a white man, he never would have gone to trial. Tom loses his life because of this injustice. The injustice towards Boo is another case of people judging someone before getting to know them. Had it not been for Boo, Atticus would have lost his children. Jem and Scout learn valuable lessons about injustice.

If the oxygen pressure inside cells is lower, is the oxygen pressure of the blood the same or greater?

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and body tissues. Thus, oxygen will always move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration. When we consider the relative oxygen pressures in the blood versus the tissue cells, the answer to this question varies depending on which part of the circulatory system we consider.

Inhaled air contains more oxygen pressure than blood, so oxygen diffuses into the blood present in the capillaries of the...

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and body tissues. Thus, oxygen will always move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration. When we consider the relative oxygen pressures in the blood versus the tissue cells, the answer to this question varies depending on which part of the circulatory system we consider.

Inhaled air contains more oxygen pressure than blood, so oxygen diffuses into the blood present in the capillaries of the lungs.

Thus, the blood leaving the lungs has been oxygenated and has an oxygen pressure greater than that of the body's cells.

As the oxygenated blood passes through the body's tissues, oxygen diffuses into the body's cells. During this stage, the oxygen pressure of the body's tissues is lower than that of the blood.

The blood entering the lungs has given off as much oxygen as possible to the body, and thus has an oxygen pressure equal to the oxygen pressure of the body's cells.

What are Jem's rules for Scout at school? Chapter 2 To Kill a Mockingbird?

Jem's rules for school that he gives Scout in Chapter 2 are essentially that Scout does not have to learn much out of books. 

Miss Caroline is an adherent to the "Dewey Decimal System" according to Jem--he confuses this library cataloging system with John Dewey's educational philosophy of pragmatism. Nevertheless, Jem describes accurately this pragmatism of John Dewey:

"You don't have to learn much out of books that way--it's like if you wanta learn about cows,...

Jem's rules for school that he gives Scout in Chapter 2 are essentially that Scout does not have to learn much out of books. 

Miss Caroline is an adherent to the "Dewey Decimal System" according to Jem--he confuses this library cataloging system with John Dewey's educational philosophy of pragmatism. Nevertheless, Jem describes accurately this pragmatism of John Dewey:

"You don't have to learn much out of books that way--it's like if you wanta learn about cows, you go milk one, see?"

Scout elaborates on this system to which Jem has erroneously referred, but correctly described. After lunch she and the class are required to watch Miss Caroline's waving of "sight words" on cards. For instance, such words at the, cat, rat, man, and you are held up for the children to recognize.

This method of Miss Caroline's exemplifies what is also called progressive education, for which John Dewey is famous. Progressive education emphasizes the necessity of learning by doing (going out to milk the cow to learn about the cow, as Jem explains). This philosophy of Dewey that people learn through doing--a "hands-on approach--thus characterizes his philosophy of education as pragmatism. So, while Jem has the wrong name when he says "Dewey Decimal System," he does, indeed, understand the basic concepts of Dewey's philosophy of education.

Ironically, this "hands-on" approach is what Atticus has unconsciously used, although Miss Caroline tells Scout to have her father stop "teaching" her. Atticus has really not instructed Scout in reading; Scout has  only affectionately crawled onto her father's lap just to be close to him while he is perusing his issue of The Mobile Register. She has simply "learned by doing," by sitting on his lap and seeing the words in the same manner as they are presented on the cards held up by Miss Caroline.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, What is the importance of Atticus? How is he linked to Scout. Use themes from the novels.

Atticus is important in the novel in many ways.  First, he is the lawyer who defends Tom Robinson against pressure, racism, and persecution.  By doing so, he is the exemplar of courage and justice. This point must be underlined, because it is his courage that drives the novel. Miss Maudie says it best when she says that Atticus was born to do our unpleasant jobs, that is, what is difficult to do. Here are Miss...

Atticus is important in the novel in many ways.  First, he is the lawyer who defends Tom Robinson against pressure, racism, and persecution.  By doing so, he is the exemplar of courage and justice. This point must be underlined, because it is his courage that drives the novel. Miss Maudie says it best when she says that Atticus was born to do our unpleasant jobs, that is, what is difficult to do. Here are Miss Maudie's words:

“I simply want to tell you that there are some men in this world who were born to do our unpleasant jobs for us. Your father’s one of them.”

“Oh,” said Jem. “Well.”

Atticus also is important, because he is the father of Jem and Scout.  This point also ties in nicely with your second question of how Atticus relates to Scout.  All throughout the novel Atticus seeks to guide his children to become good citizen and good people in the world.  He approach to parenting is masterful as he lead by example. In the end, both Jem and Scout become better people. 

In conclusion, Atticus is important as a citizen of Maycomb, the lawyer of Tom Robinson, and the father of Jem and Scout. 

Of all the characters in Momaday's book, only two voices speak for themselves. Who were they and why were they allowed to do so?

This is an interesting question simply because it is clear that each section has three different "voices": one mythological, one historical, and one personal. However, it can be said that only two of these voices are actually "characters" and speak for themselves: legend and author.

In regards to legend, the first part of every section is an explanation of a very important myth of the Kiowa tribe.  Here, myth is truly given a voice and...

This is an interesting question simply because it is clear that each section has three different "voices": one mythological, one historical, and one personal. However, it can be said that only two of these voices are actually "characters" and speak for themselves: legend and author.

In regards to legend, the first part of every section is an explanation of a very important myth of the Kiowa tribe.  Here, myth is truly given a voice and made a character for the first time. For example, the first section is the Kiowa tribe's creation myth, which involves the small tribe coming up out of the earth through a fallen log. The tribe is small because a pregnant woman gets stuck in the log (due to her belly); therefore, some of the tribe is left in the earth. 

In regards to the author becoming a voice or a character, the third (often italicized) part of each section is about Momaday's personal story. This part often involves his grandmother, Aho, and her life in reference to the original legend. The creation myth, however, is about Momaday.  Because we find out that "Kiowa" actually means "coming out," we learn through Momaday's voice that the first time he "came out" onto the great plains was a magical moment for him.

In conclusion, it is important to note that it is the Kiowa language that truly connects all the parts and all the sections of this book. In other words, it is language that is of primary importance. Ironically, it is language that allows Momaday to share the two voices you ask about with the world.

A truck is traveling at a constant velocity of 20m s^-1 (72 km.h^-1) when the driver sees a child 50 m in front of him, on the road. He hits the...

Speed of the truck = 20 m/s

distance to the child = 50 m

Acceleration = -1.25 m/s^2

Reaction time = 0.5 s

During the 0.5 seconds, that the driver takes to hit the brakes, the truck will travel 10 m ( = 20 m/s x 0.5 sec).

Using the equation of motion, relating initial and final velocity, acceleration and distance traveled: v^2 = u^2 + 2as

we can calculate the distance traveled by assuming...

Speed of the truck = 20 m/s

distance to the child = 50 m

Acceleration = -1.25 m/s^2

Reaction time = 0.5 s

During the 0.5 seconds, that the driver takes to hit the brakes, the truck will travel 10 m ( = 20 m/s x 0.5 sec).

Using the equation of motion, relating initial and final velocity, acceleration and distance traveled: v^2 = u^2 + 2as

we can calculate the distance traveled by assuming final velocity to be zero.

thus, s = (v^2 - u^2)/2a = -(20x20)/(2x-1.25) = 160 m.

Thus, the truck will travel a total distance of 170 m (= 10 m + 160 m) before it stops. Since the child is only 50 m in front of the truck, the truck will (unfortunately) hit the child, before it stops.

Hope this helps. 

What are the main principles on which the Constitution is based?

The Constitution is based on several principles. One principle was to develop a better plan of government than we already had. There were several weaknesses with the plan of government created by the Articles of Confederation. There were many things the government couldn’t do. For example, it couldn’t levy taxes, and it couldn’t require people to join the military. The Constitution was written to address these weaknesses.

The Constitution was also written to establish justice....

The Constitution is based on several principles. One principle was to develop a better plan of government than we already had. There were several weaknesses with the plan of government created by the Articles of Confederation. There were many things the government couldn’t do. For example, it couldn’t levy taxes, and it couldn’t require people to join the military. The Constitution was written to address these weaknesses.

The Constitution was also written to establish justice. Under the plan of government created by the Articles of Confederation, there was no place where states could resolve disputes. The Constitution created a court system so there would be a place to resolve disputes.

A third principle was to establish peace at home. During the early days of our country, the federal government couldn’t require people to join the army. Thus, when a rebellion such as Shay’s Rebellion occurred, the federal government wasn’t sure if it could respond. Under the Constitution, the federal government responded when a rebellion such as the Whiskey Rebellion occurred.

Another goal of the Constitution was to protect the people from attack. The Constitution allowed the government to require people to join the military. This would help us in dealing with events that threatened our nation. Britain, France, and Spain were all doing things that could have led to war. This included encouraging Native Americans to attack us and interfering with our trade. Having a military would help us dealing with these events, if necessary.

The Constitution also wanted to get the power in the hands of the people. The concept of popular sovereignty would allow the votes of the people to determine actions and to determine who our elected officials would be. We wanted to elect our officials and then give them enough power to run the government effectively.

Finally, the Constitution was created to ensure that the government would protect our rights. There were many steps taken to ensure the government didn’t become too powerful. These steps included a system of separation of powers and a system of checks and balances.

How did Castro's rebels defeat Batista's army during the Cuban Revolution?

In 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba in a disputed election. At that point, Fidel Castro, an emerging figure in Cuban politics, started trying to overthrow Batista. Castro's rebel troops were defeated in a 1953 assault on the Moncada barracks. He and his brother Raul were put on trial and used the trial as a way to discredit Batista for grabbing power unfairly. As a result, Fidel Castro became a heroic figure in...

In 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba in a disputed election. At that point, Fidel Castro, an emerging figure in Cuban politics, started trying to overthrow Batista. Castro's rebel troops were defeated in a 1953 assault on the Moncada barracks. He and his brother Raul were put on trial and used the trial as a way to discredit Batista for grabbing power unfairly. As a result, Fidel Castro became a heroic figure in Cuba, and he was eventually released by Batista to Mexico. In Mexico, he continued to plot Batista's overthrow.

In 1956, Fidel Castro returned to Cuba with Ernesto "Che" Guevara and other members of the "July 26th Movement," which was named after the date they had attacked the Moncada Barracks. They gathered in the Cuban highlands, where Batista had a difficult time reaching them. There, they amassed followers and trained for Batista's overthrow. Batista sent troops to defeat the rebels, but his attack went sour, and it only attracted more soldiers to Castro's side.

In 1958, Fidel Castro attacked and defeated government forces in the plains of Cuba and in the city of Santa Clara. Eventually, in January of 1959, Castro's forces entered the capital of Havana and rooted out all the remaining parts of Batista's regime, and Batista fled Cuba. Later, Castro became a communist leader of the island. 

How can the police serve as a pillar of democracy?

The preservation of order is important to a democracy. For democracy to be meaningful, people have to know that their rights are protected from intrusions by other people. The police therefore play a vital role in a democracy. This is especially the case in societies where significant factions have an interest in disrupting the peaceful political process. We can see an example of this in Nigeria (which I believe, based on other questions recently posted,...

The preservation of order is important to a democracy. For democracy to be meaningful, people have to know that their rights are protected from intrusions by other people. The police therefore play a vital role in a democracy. This is especially the case in societies where significant factions have an interest in disrupting the peaceful political process. We can see an example of this in Nigeria (which I believe, based on other questions recently posted, this question is alluding to). In elections held in the spring of 2015, the terrorist organization Boko Haram made frequent and violent attempts to disrupt the political process, and the ability of state police to stop these attempts was important to the safety of the voters and the legitimacy of the political process. To cite another example, African-Americans in the southern United States were granted the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, but this right was meaningless. Southern states kept them from voting by several different means, most of which were extralegal. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 provided for the use of federal authority, including federal marshals, to ensure that their voting rights were protected. So sometimes police power is necessary to give meaning to democracy. 

Which characters are similar in Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream?

I would argue that the characters who are most similar to each other in Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream are actually Romeo and Juliet themselves and Hermia and Lysander. If we take a closer look at the circumstances surrounding these characters, their similarities become apparent.

First, both Romeo and Juliet and Hermia and Lysander are young couples who are madly in love, much to the dismay of their future in-laws. Both of...

I would argue that the characters who are most similar to each other in Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream are actually Romeo and Juliet themselves and Hermia and Lysander. If we take a closer look at the circumstances surrounding these characters, their similarities become apparent.

First, both Romeo and Juliet and Hermia and Lysander are young couples who are madly in love, much to the dismay of their future in-laws. Both of these couples have families who wish to marry their respective daughters off to well-off suitors who are wholly unappealing to these unwilling brides. 

In Romeo and Juliet's case, the Capulets have arranged for Juliet to marry Count Paris. Juliet's love for Romeo is forbidden because of the longstanding rivalry between the Capulets and Montagues. When Juliet argues with her father, he threatens to disown her.

In Hermia and Lysander's case, Hermia's father, Egeus, has arranged for her to marry Demetrius. Hermia's love for Lysander is forbidden under ancient Athenian law because it is in violation of her father's marital wishes. When Hermia argues with her father, he threatens to have her killed. 

Both star-crossed sets of lovers make plans to escape their punitive families and impending nuptials: Romeo and Juliet intend to fake Juliet's death, meet in her crypt, and run away. Hermia and Lysander simply run off into the forest.

Only in the success (or lack thereof) of these plans do the couples differ: Romeo and Juliet meet their untimely deaths, while Hermia and Lysander manage to marry and live "happily ever after."

What was the actual day that the Cold War started ?

The answer to this is the subject of considerable debate among Cold War scholars. Some would even argue that the roots of the Cold War stretched all the way back to 1919, when the United States and other Western countries gave their support to the forces opposing the Bolsheviks. But most would accept the Potsdam Conference (July 17 to August 2, 1945), when Truman and Stalin (or Stalin's foreign minister, at least) clashed over what...

The answer to this is the subject of considerable debate among Cold War scholars. Some would even argue that the roots of the Cold War stretched all the way back to 1919, when the United States and other Western countries gave their support to the forces opposing the Bolsheviks. But most would accept the Potsdam Conference (July 17 to August 2, 1945), when Truman and Stalin (or Stalin's foreign minister, at least) clashed over what would happen to Poland. The war against Germany was over, and Soviet troops occupied that nation. At the Yalta Conference earlier in the year, Stalin had promised President Roosevelt that he would allow democratic elections in Poland. But when the war came to an end, it appeared certain that he would install a communist government there. Truman and his advisers interpreted this as aggression, though documents made available to historians since then suggest that Stalin saw it as a defensive measure after being invaded through Poland at the start of World War II.

In any case, representatives from the two sides clashed on this issue, and the fact that Truman found out while at Potsdam that the United States had successfully tested the atomic bomb at Los Alamos caused further tensions (though Stalin knew about the program already, having found out through his network of spies). Within two years, Americans were beginning to recognize that the World War II postwar order would be a "Cold War" between the United States and the USSR. Potsdam, in a sense, was the moment that the tensions that characterized the Cold War began to emerge. 

Identify a significant female character in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, and locate examples that give insight into the character's beliefs.

Aunt Alexandra is a significant female character in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Alexandra is the quintessential Southern lady with an affinity for family heritage. Aunt Alexandra chastises Atticus for his child rearing techniques because he chooses not to educate his children on their family history and background. Scout describes Aunt Alexandra's theory regarding heredity by saying, "the longer a family had been squatting on one patch of land the finer it was." (Lee...

Aunt Alexandra is a significant female character in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Alexandra is the quintessential Southern lady with an affinity for family heritage. Aunt Alexandra chastises Atticus for his child rearing techniques because he chooses not to educate his children on their family history and background. Scout describes Aunt Alexandra's theory regarding heredity by saying, "the longer a family had been squatting on one patch of land the finer it was." (Lee 173) Aunt Alexandra judges individuals based on their family history rather than their individual merit. Alexandra believes that every family has a "streak" associated with some specific quality like alcoholism, gambling, aggressive behavior, etc. In Chapter 23, Aunt Alexandra tells Scout she is not allowed to play with Walter Cunningham because "he—is—trash." (Lee 301) This statement reflects Alexandra's prejudiced beliefs towards lower class families and her narrow perception of individual merit.

In addition to being obsessed with family heritage, Aunt Alexandra is "fanatical" in regard to Scout's attire. Alexandra views Scout with contempt for her "tomboyish" personality and style. Scout says, "I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn't supposed to be doing things that required pants." (Lee 108) Alexandra's role in the novel is to teach Scout how to be a lady. She allows Scout to take part in her "missionary circle" and models appropriate feminine behaviors for Scout. Her initial disapproval of Scout wanes after Scout displays proper manners during a missionary circle gathering.

On what page is the following quote? “They grew up on the outside of society. They weren't looking for a fight. They were looking to belong.”

The quote that is listed in the question does not appear in Hinton's book The Outsiders; however, the lines do definitely describe the Greasers.  That quote is the tagline from the 1983 movie version of The Outsiders.  The movie version is a fairly strong book to movie adaptation.  Additionally, the movie's cast is basically a who's who of current Hollywood stars.  Rob Lowe, Matt Dillon, Diane Lane, and even Tom Cruise appear in the...

The quote that is listed in the question does not appear in Hinton's book The Outsiders; however, the lines do definitely describe the Greasers.  That quote is the tagline from the 1983 movie version of The Outsiders.  The movie version is a fairly strong book to movie adaptation.  Additionally, the movie's cast is basically a who's who of current Hollywood stars.  Rob Lowe, Matt Dillon, Diane Lane, and even Tom Cruise appear in the film.  

A strong hint to readers that the quote mentioned in the question is not taken from the book is the fact that the people referenced in the quote are referred to in the third person.  Readers of Hinton's novel would correctly assume that the "they grew up on the outside" refers to the Greasers.  They are outsiders in their society.  Readers would also remember that the book is narrated by Ponyboy.  He's a Greaser, so he wouldn't refer to his own gang as "they."  He would have said "we."  If the quote was from the book, then it would likely have read as follows: “We grew up on the outside of society. We weren't looking for a fight. We were looking to belong."  

How many members were in the Ku-Klux-Klan in 1865?

If the year in this question is correct, this has the potential to be a trick question. The Ku Klux Klan was not formally established until 1867 when a general organization convention was held. By 1867, the Klan had clubs in all of the southern states. It became necessary to organize these clubs. At the convention, a former Confederate general by the name of Nathan Bedford Forrest was selected as the "Grand Wizard" of the...

If the year in this question is correct, this has the potential to be a trick question. The Ku Klux Klan was not formally established until 1867 when a general organization convention was held. By 1867, the Klan had clubs in all of the southern states. It became necessary to organize these clubs. At the convention, a former Confederate general by the name of Nathan Bedford Forrest was selected as the "Grand Wizard" of the Klan. Forrest was remembered for his slaughter of black Union troops and civilians after their surrender at the Battle of Fort Pillow. The Klan reached its peak of membership in the 1920's when it had a registration of over four million people.

In December of 1865, six former Confederate soldiers formed a social club to pass the time away. They jokingly used Greek letters like a college fraternity to name their club. Their initial meeting was more of a social gathering in Pulaski, Tennessee. Early on, they would drunkenly run the streets in white costumes. The result of this revelry was that the freed slaves were generally scared of these activities. This is how the group evolved into a racist terrorist organization. So a legitimate answer to the question would be that the Ku Klux Klan had a membership of six in 1865.

What are some good things about the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation was a product of its times, a response to conditions in the midst of the Revolution when it was created, and, ultimately, perhaps all that was possible at the time. It is usually regarded as weak and ineffective, and it was, but it was also a reflection of the fear of centralized government that understandably gripped many of the Founders. Under the Articles, the national government was empowered to conclude treaties...

The Articles of Confederation was a product of its times, a response to conditions in the midst of the Revolution when it was created, and, ultimately, perhaps all that was possible at the time. It is usually regarded as weak and ineffective, and it was, but it was also a reflection of the fear of centralized government that understandably gripped many of the Founders. Under the Articles, the national government was empowered to conclude treaties and conduct diplomacy, print and coin national currency, and other powers. Each of these is a remarkable advance when we consider that the states that were party to the Articles had previously been colonies with no real history of cooperation. So for the time, the Articles represented a significant advance which only with time (albeit a fairly short period) proved to be inadequate. 

We can also see that the government under the Articles, while weak, had a few significant achievements. The Land Ordinance of 1785, for example, solved one of the most urgent problems confronting the new nation--setting up a process by which lands in the west could be parceled out and sold. This process had been extraordinarily complex, and open to corruption, in the colonies, and establishing a uniform method of land sale was a major accomplishment. The Northwest Ordinance, passed two years later, also facilitated national growth by creating a process by which newly settled lands might apply for territorial status and, eventually, statehood. Both of these were important steps toward true nationhood undertaken by a government that never claimed to be more than a "firm league of friendship." Moreover, many Antifederalists argued at the time that the Constitution represented a power grab by a national elite, one which stripped the states of powers that were best exercised at the local level. The Articles, they claimed, preserved the powers of the states and the people that controlled them.

What is one inference cited in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart"?

Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart" is a story about a madman who kills an older gentleman. The relationship between the two men is unknown because the narrator does not describe it explicitly. As far as the relationship is concerned, the narrator only says the following:

I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire.

First, the narrator admits that he...

Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart" is a story about a madman who kills an older gentleman. The relationship between the two men is unknown because the narrator does not describe it explicitly. As far as the relationship is concerned, the narrator only says the following:

I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire.

First, the narrator admits that he loves the old man who he wants to kill. Then he seems to suggest that the two have a history together because enough time has passed for problems with the relationship to occur, but there haven't been any. Also, since the two men live in the same house together, it can be inferred that they are related in some way. One might infer that the narrator is the son or grandson of the old man. Again, there is not clear evidence to suggest otherwise, so the reader can only infer as to the status of the relationship between the two men.

In The Hunger Games, who, other than the main character, makes choices that change the world of Panem?

That depends on if you are talking about the first book of the series or the series as a whole, so I will attempt to answer both.

In The Hunger Gamesthe book, one very big decision that sets in motion many other things is the one made by the Head Gamemaker, Seneca Crane. At the end of the Games, Katniss and Peeta are the only two tributes left standing; they had been told earlier...

That depends on if you are talking about the first book of the series or the series as a whole, so I will attempt to answer both.

In The Hunger Games the book, one very big decision that sets in motion many other things is the one made by the Head Gamemaker, Seneca Crane. At the end of the Games, Katniss and Peeta are the only two tributes left standing; they had been told earlier in the Game that if they were the last ones standing, they could both win, but at the end, that particular rule was revoked, meaning that one of them had to kill the other. However, when Katniss and Peeta chose to eat poisoned berries to kill themselves rather than one of them killing the other, Crane stopped them and let them both win. Not only did this lead to his own demise (by the very same poisoned berries that Katniss and Peeta had been about to eat), but it showed to the country that the system could be beat. The act of defiance by Katniss and Peeta (both of them dying would have left the Games without a Victor at all that year, which would have caused problems in and of itself) showed the rest of the country that the Capitol was not invincible, that it could be beat, which helped set off the rebellion.

Within the series as a whole, there are a few others who make important decisions: President Coin of District 13, who leads the rebellion; Cinna (Katniss' personal stylist), who makes dresses for Katniss that enforce her role as the Mockingjay, which enforces the people's decision to support her; President Snow of the Capitol, who tried to suppress the rebellion and ended up only making it worse; the tributes in Catching Fire who help Katniss and Peeta survive and get to District 13; and Plutarch Heavensbee, who ran the Games in Catching Fire and helped the rebels fight against the Capitol. 

What are the similarities between Oscar Wilde's "The Happy Prince" and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby?

Both the story "The Happy Prince" and the novella The Great Gatsby share a similar superficially appealing, yet selfless protagonist and comment on the shallowness of upper class society.

In Wilde's story, the prince, a statue "gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt" is admired by all for his wealth and beauty. He is the epitome of happiness...

Both the story "The Happy Prince" and the novella The Great Gatsby share a similar superficially appealing, yet selfless protagonist and comment on the shallowness of upper class society.

In Wilde's story, the prince, a statue "gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt" is admired by all for his wealth and beauty. He is the epitome of happiness to the townspeople. After all, what could a prince ever want for? Mothers often asked their unhappy children, "Why can’t you be like the Happy Prince?" In all actuality, in life the prince was happy, but after being memorialized as a statue, he now has a vantage point over the town and sees his people suffering due to poverty. He recognizes that the upper class, which he was once a part of, is superficial and cares not of the plight of others but instead focuses on dancing and "pleasure" seeking. He decides to use his wealth to help the poor and asks a swallow to take his jewels to those in need. This continues over a length of time during which he and the swallow, equally as selfless since he decides to stay behind to help the prince instead of flying to warmer climate in Egypt, both suffer great physical loss to their health. Due to the bitter cold, the swallow dies at the prince's feet, and the prince's "heart had snapped right in two." Members of the upper class find the dead swallow and dilapidated prince, and since they now see him as "no longer beautiful and no longer useful," he is demolished and melted in a furnace with no recognition of his selflessness and sacrifice.

Similarly, Jay Gatsby is viewed by all as wealthy and handsome. Like the prince, he is the epitome of elegance and wealth and throws extravagant, frivolous parties, similar to those the prince would have experienced. Like the upper class in Wilde's story, the East and West Egg upper class attend the lavish balls, taking advantage of their host's hospitality without ever actually knowing or caring about him. Even those close to Gatsby, with the exception of his friend Nick Calloway, seem to use him and his money with no concern. For example, Gatsby uses his wealth to obtain the love of Daisy, a socialite who is married the rich Buchannan, equally as superficial as she is. Not only does he shower her in luxury and love, but he also sacrifices himself when he takes the blame for a hit and run she commits, which leads to his murder. After his death, Nick sees that Daisy, along with all those who benefitted from Gatsby's generosity, not only forsake the millionaire, but go as far as to gossip about his death. No one attends his funeral. Nick realizes that he does not want  to be part of this upper class society because all they do is "(smash) up things and creatures and then (retreat) back into their money or their vast carelessness..."

Both the prince and Gatsby are used up and discarded by the very people who profited from them. Just like the prince, Gatsby shares his wealth with others and pays the ultimate price for his generosity. Like the swallow, Nick Calloway is the only soul who appreciates the true nature of his selfless friend.

In the poem "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer," what does Walt Whitman do in reaction to the lecture?

This poem published in 1865 is one that is often quoted and referred to (it is even referenced in an episode of the TV show Breaking Bad); it is also one of Whitman's shortest poems, given that he is known for very long poems, including much of the poetry contained in Leaves of Grass, the volume where this poem also appeared. This poem is one where Whitman places himself as the narrator using...

This poem published in 1865 is one that is often quoted and referred to (it is even referenced in an episode of the TV show Breaking Bad); it is also one of Whitman's shortest poems, given that he is known for very long poems, including much of the poetry contained in Leaves of Grass, the volume where this poem also appeared. This poem is one where Whitman places himself as the narrator using a first person point of view. Because the poem is free verse, that ism it does not have any formal rhyme or meter, it has a prosaic feel as if Whitman is merely relating an anecdote. 

In the poem, Whitman describes his feelings after hearing a lecture given by an astronomer. His response to the orderly and fact-based lecture is one of discomfort; he says "I became tired and sick." He then says he rose and wandered off alone, into the "mystical moist night-air, and from time to time," gazed up "in perfect silence at the stars."

This poem offers a look at Whitman's strong feelings about nature, its beauty and mystical quality; but also his distaste at the idea of nature being reduced to an orderly set of figures, charts and ideas. For Whitman, nature is both a sensual and spiritual experience, as described in many of his poems, and the educated astronomer seems to have lost touch with the more mysterious, unknowable qualities of the night sky. Whitman does not seek to understand this mystery, but is content to look at it, in "perfect silence" (i.e. not needing to speak about it), and enjoy it. He also does not see to draw attention to this enjoyment (unlike the astronomer who seeks applause); but to have a private and personal encounter with the stars.

What is happening in this picture?

A lot is going on in this painting, although it may seem simple at first glance. Usually, when we interpret or analyze art, we start with what we observe objectively, and then move on to make inferences or interpretations about what the painting might mean, the argument it might be trying to make, or the scene it's trying to set.

In this case, we can start by observing the faces of the man and the...

A lot is going on in this painting, although it may seem simple at first glance. Usually, when we interpret or analyze art, we start with what we observe objectively, and then move on to make inferences or interpretations about what the painting might mean, the argument it might be trying to make, or the scene it's trying to set.

In this case, we can start by observing the faces of the man and the girl. The girl holds a letter, and appears calm, or bored. The older man, however, appears to be more interested in what the girl is reading: he is adjusting his glasses and reaching towards the girl and the letter. The girl's face is smooth and still while the man's is expressive and suggestive.

Next, we can look at the relationship between the two figures. They are in a darkened room, and the man is standing very close to the girl. This suggests intimacy; perhaps they are family members. The girl sits at a desk with books and a quill. The fact that they are reading this letter at night and at a writing desk suggests secrecy and urgency. However, the man seems to feel this urgency more than the girl does (looking, again, at their faces).

Now, we can start making inferences to form a "reading" or interpretation of the painting. Perhaps the man is the girl's father, and she has just received a letter from a suitor she is not interested in, but who is wealthy (thus explaining her boredom and the father's heightened interest). Perhaps it is a letter from a far-flung family member, and the girl has read it first, and the father is craning his neck to get a look. It's hard to know which interpretation is the "correct" one without a statement from the artist, but these are examples of things we might infer from our observations of the painting.

What's apparent, though, is that there seems to be a relationship of control between the man and the girl; he feels entitled to read her letter. The urgency is also evident, because of the dark room.

How did Elie Wiesel use night as a symbol of what was happening to the Jewish people?

There are several ways that Elie Wiesel used the concept of "the night" in his book.  First, night has often been seen as a symbol of death in literature.  One thinks of Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night."  Thus, night can be a symbol of death, an appropriate symbol for a book that featured multiple (and often graphic) deaths.

For children, night can also be seen as a time when shadows...

There are several ways that Elie Wiesel used the concept of "the night" in his book.  First, night has often been seen as a symbol of death in literature.  One thinks of Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night."  Thus, night can be a symbol of death, an appropriate symbol for a book that featured multiple (and often graphic) deaths.

For children, night can also be seen as a time when shadows appear and when monsters are lurking.  Again, the symbolism is appropriate with regard to what is happening in the book.  Elie, a child himself, is facing the monsters of Dr. Mengele, the SS officers, etc.  Thus, like a long and fearful night for a child, Elie is left to deal with monsters all his own.

Finally, the night can seem a long stretch, particularly for those unable to sleep.  The concept of night as a long stretch is seen directly in Night, as when Wiesel writes in Chapter 3, "Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night ..." Thus, the night comes to symbolize several aspects of the story.

Does have any grammar lessons available?

Yes, you can find grammar lessons .  The best way to do it though is by searching for a particular grammar topic through the answered homework questions section.  If you are looking for a comprehensive study guide , you will have much better luck with literature study guides for a large variety of works.  If the grammar question that you are looking for doesn't exist yet in , you can ask the question....

Yes, you can find grammar lessons .  The best way to do it though is by searching for a particular grammar topic through the answered homework questions section.  If you are looking for a comprehensive study guide , you will have much better luck with literature study guides for a large variety of works.  If the grammar question that you are looking for doesn't exist yet in , you can ask the question. An educator will answer your question, and the answer will be added to the database.  Your best bet is to sign up for a free trial account.  That will give you a lot more options in your search, plus it will allow you to ask the specific questions that you have.  

In Lois Lowry's The Giver, how does Jonas show integrity?

Integrity means standing up for one's beliefs. It means that a person values doing what is right over anything else; and, sometimes standing up for what is right means making decisions that are unpopular. Jonas, in The Giver, shows integrity by choosing not to participate in a society that kills babies for being colicky and eliminates color, music, and snow in order to avoid personal hardships in life. The following passage demonstrates Jonas's courage...

Integrity means standing up for one's beliefs. It means that a person values doing what is right over anything else; and, sometimes standing up for what is right means making decisions that are unpopular. Jonas, in The Giver, shows integrity by choosing not to participate in a society that kills babies for being colicky and eliminates color, music, and snow in order to avoid personal hardships in life. The following passage demonstrates Jonas's courage and integrity when he could have easily turned around and not taken a stand for what he believed was right:

"Jonas reached the opposite side of the river, stopped briefly, and looked back. . . At dawn, the orderly, disciplined life he had always known would continue again, without him. The life where nothing was ever unexpected. Or inconvenient. Or unusual. The life without color, pain, or past. He pushed firmly again at the the pedal with his foot and continued riding along the road" (165).

By Jonas leaving the community, all of the memories would flood back into the people's lives and they would more fully understand what they have been missing in life. If Jonas did not follow through with what he believed was right, the people would go on living without the fulness of joy that life has to offer.

Is it true that Darry is never sorry for anything he does like Ponyboy says?

No, it is not true.There are multiple scenes throughout the novel that depict Darry feeling sorry for the way he acts toward Ponyboy. In Chapter 3, Ponyboy returns home late after falling asleep next to Johnny while they are looking at the stars. Darry is sitting up reading the paper when Pony returns. Darry gets angry with Ponyboy and slaps him in the face. Ponyboy runs out of the house and Darry yells, "Pony,...

No, it is not true. There are multiple scenes throughout the novel that depict Darry feeling sorry for the way he acts toward Ponyboy. In Chapter 3, Ponyboy returns home late after falling asleep next to Johnny while they are looking at the stars. Darry is sitting up reading the paper when Pony returns. Darry gets angry with Ponyboy and slaps him in the face. Ponyboy runs out of the house and Darry yells, "Pony, I didn't mean to!" (Hinton 50) Later on, in the novel when Ponyboy is sitting in the hospital, Darry walks in and begins to weep. Ponyboy finally realizes that his brother cares for him. Darry was under a lot of stress trying to raise Ponyboy and provide for the family at the same time, which is why he lost control and hit Pony. In Chapter 12, Sodapop becomes fed up with the way Darry and Ponyboy fight with each other. Sodapop runs out of the house, and Darry and Pony are forced to chase him. When they finally catch Soda, he laments at the way his brothers have been treating each other. Darry realizes that he's been too rough on Ponyboy and agrees that they will not get into any more fights. 

In Of Mice and Men, why is Lennie responsible for killing Curley's wife?

Lennie is responsible for killing Curley's wife because he did it.

In Chapter 5, Lennie is sitting alone until Curley's wife enters.  Both of them start to talk, and Curley's wife launches into a discussion of her own failed dreams.  As they talk, the discussion moves into how they both like "soft things" to touch.  Curley's wife points to her hair as an example and how she has to brush it over and over.  To...

Lennie is responsible for killing Curley's wife because he did it.

In Chapter 5, Lennie is sitting alone until Curley's wife enters.  Both of them start to talk, and Curley's wife launches into a discussion of her own failed dreams.  As they talk, the discussion moves into how they both like "soft things" to touch.  Curley's wife points to her hair as an example and how she has to brush it over and over.  To prove her point about the softness in her hair, she lets Lennie touch it.  Excited to touch something soft, Lennie holds her hair and then starts to brush it with his fingers, tightening his grip in the process. Curley's wife struggles and as she does, Lennie's hold becomes vise- like.  The escalation causes her to scream, with Lennie panicking and placing his hand over her mouth to silence her.  As she struggles to escape, Lennie forcefully shakes her.  This causes her neck to break.

As he stares at her dead body, Lennie realizes what we already know.  He recognizes that he is responsible for Curley's wife's death: “I done a real bad thing...I shouldn’t of did that. George’ll be mad."  Lennie runs away from the scene of the crime because he knows that he "done a real bad thing" in killing Curley's wife.

In The Crucible, what evidence is there that John Hale has an impact on the townspeople?

When Reverend Hale first arrives in Act 1, he brings a great many big books with him, and he claims that they are heavy because "they are weighted with authority."  Parris, in the stage direction, is described as "a little scared."  So far, we have witnessed an indignant Parris, an anxious Parris, a belligerent Parris, but this is the first time we see him awed by someone else.  Further, his reputation has preceded...

When Reverend Hale first arrives in Act 1, he brings a great many big books with him, and he claims that they are heavy because "they are weighted with authority."  Parris, in the stage direction, is described as "a little scared."  So far, we have witnessed an indignant Parris, an anxious Parris, a belligerent Parris, but this is the first time we see him awed by someone else.  Further, his reputation has preceded him to Salem.  Proctor says to him, "I've heard you to be a sensible man, Mr. Hale.  I hope you'll leave some of it in Salem."  He is obviously well-respected by both Parris and Proctor, despite their differences with each other.

Moreover, Parris and the Putnams obviously defer to him when they seem not to defer to anyone else.  As he peruses his books, "All wait, avidly," and Parris speaks to him in "hushed" tones.  Hale's confidence and knowledge seems above them all, including Giles Corey.  When Hale rejects Parris' assertion that the Devil would not come into a minister's house, saying, "What victory would the Devil have to win a soul already bad?  It is the best the Devil wants, and who is better than the minister?"  Giles intones, "That's deep, Mr. Parris, deep, deep!"  So far, everyone seems to be quite impressed with the learned Mr. Hale, even including those people who have very high opinions of themselves and their own ideas about what's going on.

Then, as he questions Abigail, it is clear that he knows just which questions to ask to get to what appears to be the heart of the matter, the cause of Betty's and Ruth's ailment.  He does likewise with Tituba, and it is Hale who is able to extract a full confession from the slave.  He gets her to name others who, she says, came to her with the Devil: Sarah Good, Sarah Osburn, and two more she does not name.  It is the information that he gathers from Tituba that necessitates the setting up of the court, that prompts the girls to accuse more women, and that convinces the town that they are telling the truth.  Without Hale's influence, this fatal chain could not have begun. 

How does Shakespeare treat death in Romeo and Juliet?

In the most general sense, death is treated very liberally in Romeo and Juliet. Many characters die in the play, including Mercutio, Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet. The characters come from both families, including the extended families of the Capulets and Montagues. As a literary device, death works in many ways in Romeo and Juliet. By the end of the play, death brings about a reunification between the two families. However, the initial death of Mercutio...

In the most general sense, death is treated very liberally in Romeo and Juliet. Many characters die in the play, including Mercutio, Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet. The characters come from both families, including the extended families of the Capulets and Montagues. As a literary device, death works in many ways in Romeo and Juliet. By the end of the play, death brings about a reunification between the two families. However, the initial death of Mercutio is a catalyst that fuels the fights that cause the subsequemt deaths in the play. Death is a test that presents the characters with options, as if asking them, "Will you fight or will you make amends?" In each instance, until Romeo and Juliet's deaths, the characters choose to escalate the conflict between the families. In a way, death is a plot device that questions the feud, asking the family if the fight is worth the outcomes. Ultimately, death does not unite the families. It is not until the love of Romeo and Juliet is discovered that the families choose a new tactic.

Who was Jonathan Swift's audience in "A Modest Proposal?"

Swift's pamphlet addressed a few intended audiences: both the English who were buying up all the land in Ireland, and the Irish themselves.  By the time he wrote "A Modest Proposal," the wealthy English had purchased around 90% of the land in Ireland, raising the rents, making it more difficult for poor Irish farmers to both pay the rent for the land they worked and feed and clothe their families.  Irish families were also characteristically...

Swift's pamphlet addressed a few intended audiences: both the English who were buying up all the land in Ireland, and the Irish themselves.  By the time he wrote "A Modest Proposal," the wealthy English had purchased around 90% of the land in Ireland, raising the rents, making it more difficult for poor Irish farmers to both pay the rent for the land they worked and feed and clothe their families.  Irish families were also characteristically large, making the challenge of caring for them even greater; so the number of beggars increased.  English Parliament had even passed laws that limited the rights of the Irish in their own country.  Swift certainly means to attack the practices by which the English figuratively "devoured" the Irish by suggesting that they might as well go ahead and literally devour them too.

However, Swift also addressed the Irish who allowed such a situation to transpire without taking adequate steps to preserve themselves.  He thought they hadn't done enough to stand up to the English before it became too late.  In other words, he also blames the Irish for their seeming complicity with their own subjugation.

A car engine changes __________ energy stored in gasoline into thermal energy and then into _________ energy.

A car engine, also called an internal combustion engine, changes potential chemical energy stored in gasoline into thermal energy and then into kinetic mechanical energy.

When gasoline burns it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. Gasoline is a mixture of octane and similar hydrocarbons. Here's the equation of the combustion of octane:

`2 C_8H_18 + 25 O_2 -> 16 CO_2 + 18 H_2O`

We say that the gasoline contains potential chemical...

A car engine, also called an internal combustion engine, changes potential chemical energy stored in gasoline into thermal energy and then into kinetic mechanical energy.

When gasoline burns it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. Gasoline is a mixture of octane and similar hydrocarbons. Here's the equation of the combustion of octane:

`2 C_8H_18 + 25 O_2 -> 16 CO_2 + 18 H_2O`

We say that the gasoline contains potential chemical energy because energy is absorbed and breaks the chemical bonds in gasoline molecules then a greater amount of energy is released when new bonds are formed in H2O and CO2. The energy is released in the form of heat (thermal energy). The hot exhaust gases that are produced within the cylinder expand and exert pressure, moving the piston in the cylinder outward then inward as the gas is exhausted. Kinetic mechanical energy of the moving pistons is transferred to the drive shaft and eventually to the wheels, giving the car kinetic mechanical energy. 

Why does Chinua Achebe tell us the story of how Chike's parents were married in the middle of "Chike's School Days"?

In the middle of the story, Chinua Achebe relates the circumstances surrounding the marriage of Chike's parents in order to provide us some sort of context for Chike's seemingly strange habits.

Accordingly, Chike and his family live in a traditional Nigerian village where children are regarded 'as the common responsibility of all.' One day, thinking to do him a kindness, a neighbor lady offers Chike, then four years old, a piece of yam. To her...

In the middle of the story, Chinua Achebe relates the circumstances surrounding the marriage of Chike's parents in order to provide us some sort of context for Chike's seemingly strange habits.

Accordingly, Chike and his family live in a traditional Nigerian village where children are regarded 'as the common responsibility of all.' One day, thinking to do him a kindness, a neighbor lady offers Chike, then four years old, a piece of yam. To her consternation, Chike resolutely rejects her gift, telling her that his family does not partake of 'heathen food.' Despite her anger, the woman marvels at the audacity of an Osu in rejecting her gift. At the time, the Osu were considered Nigeria's outcasts. They were forbidden to own land and to participate in common rituals. Upon death, Osu had to be buried on separate land, called the 'Bad Bush.' Anyone who married an Osu was considered an outcast as well (Chike's father, Amos, married an Osu woman despite not being an Osu himself); the children of such a union were also pronounced 'untouchable' and shunned by the general populace.

In the story, the neighbor thinks that the white man's presence in Nigeria has precipitated a state of affairs antithetical to traditional sentiment. To her, the fact that an Osu like Chike would be so bold as to reject a gift from a free-born Nigerian means that the white man has usurped the natural order of things in Nigerian society. She in incensed that an Osu would dare to put on such airs, considering that he is a lowly outcast.

So, Chinua Achebe tells us the story of Amos' marriage to explain Chike's seemingly strange, uncharacteristic behavior and attitudes (at least attitudes strange for an Osu child). He further states that the importance of knowing how Chike's father becomes an Osu cannot be underestimated, as such an occurrence is so rare. Achebe shows us that, just as Amos rejects traditional Nigerian concepts of class, so does his young son. Neither views himself as an outcast. Chike's anglicized view of both religion and education further highlights the fragmentation of Nigerian society and the conflict between the traditional and the new ways.

What do we learn about the character of Eliza in Act 1 of Pygmalion?

Eliza Doolittle, the Galatea to Higgins' Pygmalion, is first encountered selling flowers outdoors. Shaw gives an elaborate description of her in his stage directions, describing her as dirty, shabby, and having bad teeth:

She is not at all an attractive person. She is perhaps eighteen... [her] hat... has long been exposed to the dust and soot of London and has seldom if ever been brushed. Her hair needs washing rather badly ... she is very...

Eliza Doolittle, the Galatea to Higgins' Pygmalion, is first encountered selling flowers outdoors. Shaw gives an elaborate description of her in his stage directions, describing her as dirty, shabby, and having bad teeth:

She is not at all an attractive person. She is perhaps eighteen... [her] hat... has long been exposed to the dust and soot of London and has seldom if ever been brushed. Her hair needs washing rather badly ... she is very dirty.

Shaw adds, though, that her features are actually no less regular than those of the ladies but the main difference in their appearance really has to do with class. Eliza's poverty does not allow her to engage in the sort of personal hygiene habits common among the upper classes and her clothing suffers from her earning her living selling flowers on the street. Shaw also attempts to reproduce her dialect phonetically, emphasizing the great distance between her cockney accent and standard pronunciation.

While the mother and daughter regard her as a nuisance to be paid off, Higgins is simply interested in her speech patterns and sees her as more of an object of scientific curiosity than as a human being. The bystanders tend to be sympathetic to her plight as they can see that she is struggling to support herself by selling flowers. 

Define first-person, third-person omniscient, and third-person objective points of view.

There are two types of first-person perspective: 1) first-person subjective: this is when the narrator is a participant in the story (usually they will use the first-person pronoun "I") and they narrate while the story is taking place (usually they will use present-tense verbs); 2) first-person objective: this narrator is also a participant in the story but they narrate after the events have taken place (usually using past-tense verbs).

There are three types of third-person...

There are two types of first-person perspective: 1) first-person subjective: this is when the narrator is a participant in the story (usually they will use the first-person pronoun "I") and they narrate while the story is taking place (usually they will use present-tense verbs); 2) first-person objective: this narrator is also a participant in the story but they narrate after the events have taken place (usually using past-tense verbs).

There are three types of third-person perspective: 1) third-person omniscient: this is when the narrator is not a participant in the story but knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters; 2) third-person limited omniscient: this narrator is also not a participant in the story but knows the thoughts and feelings of only one character; 3) third-person objective: this non-participant narrator can only report what is visible and cannot report the thoughts and feelings of any character.

This story, "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge," is written from the perspective of a third-person limited omniscient narrator. The narrator is not a participant in the events of the story and they know the thoughts and feelings of Peyton Farquhar (but no one else).

What would be the research design and the sampling method for evaluating prevention and education support services for newly diagnosed women with...

Given the already formed research question of your study which analyzes the impact of a given treatment or therapy (prevention and education support services) on patients with a given condition (recently diagnosed HIV), a randomized, controlled study design would best fit your research. In a randomized, controlled study, which is by the way, the standard design for this type of research, you would randomly place the participants in two groups. Both groups would of course...

Given the already formed research question of your study which analyzes the impact of a given treatment or therapy (prevention and education support services) on patients with a given condition (recently diagnosed HIV), a randomized, controlled study design would best fit your research. In a randomized, controlled study, which is by the way, the standard design for this type of research, you would randomly place the participants in two groups. Both groups would of course receive the standard HIV medical treatments. However, one group would receive prevention and education support services and the other would receive just the standard medical treatment. The impact of the education on the quality of life of the group receiving the services would be compared to the quality of life of the group that did not to determine the education services impact.

A simple random sampling method works best in this situation where there is one group (the HIV positive women) and one needs to create a subgroup. Drawing names or using a computer program to randomly select the subgroup, dividing the group into two, are two common methods of creating a sampling. Once divided, one group receives the treatment, prevention and education support services, while the other does not. Overtime, the impact of the prevention and education support service is qualitatively described and evaluated to determine its impact.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, why did Harper Lee choose to make Scout's mother die? I wonder how the novel would have been different with a mother for...

Harper Lee's decision to have Jem and Scout's mother die when they were young was important to the character development of Atticus, Jem, and Scout. Atticus is forced to take on the role of a single parent who has the unique experience of raising a little girl on his own. Scout's "tomboyish" behavior is developed due to the absence of a mother. Her esteemed view of Atticus is a result of his intimate care and attention. Scout's perspective and moral development is shaped by Atticus, including her reluctance to accept the town's notions femininity, which perhaps has its roots in being raised without a mother.

Jem is old enough to remember his mother's death and Scout is not. Later on in the novel, Jem becomes jaded with humanity as a result of the wrongful conviction of Tom Robinson. His mother's death is connected with Jem's eventual loss of innocence. Jem was deeply hurt when his mother passed and still harbors feelings associated with her death, similar to the negative feelings that linger following the trial. In contrast, Scout is aware of her mother's death, yet does not experience heartbreak like Jem does. Scout's inability to be negatively effected by the loss of her mother parallels her reaction to the conviction of Tom Robinson. Scout does not lose faith in humanity the way Jem does. Instead of harboring negative feelings towards Maycomb's community members and becoming jaded, she develops understanding.

Minor characters, like Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandra, would not play important roles throughout the novel if Jem and Scout's mother was alive. Calpurnia's important role as a mediator between the black and white community enhances Scout's perspective. Scout gains valuable experience and insight into Maycomb's African American community via her relationship with Calpurnia.

Aunt Alexandra's disposition toward child rearing portrays the few character flaws in Atticus, which makes him a more believable character to the audience. Alexandra's relationship with Scout is important to Scout's character developing into a lady. Harper Lee uses these minor characters as strong female role models to Scout. Both Calpurnia and Alexandra provide unique viewpoints and experiences that shape Scout's personality and perspective.

Despite the conditions in which they found themselves, a few concentration camp prisoners did act morally; a few did "do the right thing" in their...

Levi explains these "exceptions to the rule" by referencing the internal and entrenched moral compass of the individuals who stood formidably against the onslaught of suffering and degradation in the camps.

In the book, Levi discusses the case of Elias, a five-foot-tall dwarf who was built like a tank. Elias' face had looked "like a battering ram, an instrument made for butting." A "bestial" vigor had emanated from Elias unconsciously and readily. He survived the...

Levi explains these "exceptions to the rule" by referencing the internal and entrenched moral compass of the individuals who stood formidably against the onslaught of suffering and degradation in the camps.

In the book, Levi discusses the case of Elias, a five-foot-tall dwarf who was built like a tank. Elias' face had looked "like a battering ram, an instrument made for butting." A "bestial" vigor had emanated from Elias unconsciously and readily. He survived the camps by stealing; as a thief, he demonstrated the "instinctive astuteness of wild animals." He was never caught. Levi maintains that Elias survived acute bodily suffering because of his physical endurance; as for mental suffering, Levi asserts that Elias survived because of his "insanity." In discussing Elias, Levi argues that, without some sort of moral compass, an individual was not likely to survive catastrophic circumstances without mental fragmentation:

For those who have no sound inner resources, for those who do not know how to draw from their own consciences sufficient force to cling to life, the only road to salvation leads to Elias: to insanity and to deceitful bestiality. All the roads are dead-ends.

Another example of a man who was able to act morally, despite the horrific circumstances, was Lorenzo. According to Levi, Lorenzo was an Italian civilian worker who brought him, without fail, "a piece of bread and the remainder of his ration every day for six months." Lorenzo also gave Levi a vest, wrote a postcard on his behalf to Italy, and returned to give him a reply to the postcard. Levi maintains that Lorenzo did all these things without hope of a reward.

The prisoners who were able to act morally, despite their own great suffering, were like Lorenzo. They reached deep within and purposed to remember all that they had been before they came to the death camps. They were able to act morally because they refused to part with the image of humanity within them, even when debilitating circumstances spurred their temptation to surrender it. These prisoners helped Levi believe that "there still existed a just world outside our own, something and someone still pure and whole, not corrupt, not savage, extraneous to hatred and terror; something difficult to define, a remote possibility of good, but for which it was worth surviving."

Could the United States government have prevented the Great Depression?

Hindsight is always twenty-twenty. It is easy for historians to criticize decisions made by the government after the fact, but not nearly as easy to predict how government policy will affect the economy in the present. The Monday morning quarterbacks of the history books will suggest that the government could have limited speculative trading, or that adjusting the interest rate would have fixed underlying economic problems of the 1920's. The fact of the matter is...

Hindsight is always twenty-twenty. It is easy for historians to criticize decisions made by the government after the fact, but not nearly as easy to predict how government policy will affect the economy in the present. The Monday morning quarterbacks of the history books will suggest that the government could have limited speculative trading, or that adjusting the interest rate would have fixed underlying economic problems of the 1920's. The fact of the matter is that the government did not deliberately drive the economy into the ground. The leaders of the day simply felt that government oversight of the economy would be harmful to growth. It should be remembered that on the surface, the economy appeared to be performing exceptionally well. In short, the government can not fix a problem if the problem does not reveal itself.

A major reason that the American economy collapsed in the late 1920's is because of the worldwide economic depression that had its roots in the destruction of World War I. Obviously, there was nothing that the government of the United States could have done to change that.

How does catastrophe provoke misinterpretation in the book Atonement?

In Atonement, the moment of catastrophe is brought about because of Briony's immaturity, fear, and confusion. At thirteen, Briony is on the cusp of womanhood, becoming slowly aware of her own insignificance in the world at large as she struggles to juxtapose her own desire for relevance with her desire for love. When she reads Robbie's crudely sensual letter to her twenty-three year old sister, Cecilia, all hell breaks loose, so to speak.

Briony imagines...

In Atonement, the moment of catastrophe is brought about because of Briony's immaturity, fear, and confusion. At thirteen, Briony is on the cusp of womanhood, becoming slowly aware of her own insignificance in the world at large as she struggles to juxtapose her own desire for relevance with her desire for love. When she reads Robbie's crudely sensual letter to her twenty-three year old sister, Cecilia, all hell breaks loose, so to speak.

Briony imagines sinister intentions on Robbie's part.

She had read the note standing shamelessly in the center of the entrance hall, immediately sensing the danger contained by such crudity. Something irreducibly human, or male, threatened the order of their household, and Briony knew that unless she helped her sister, they would all suffer.

Briony's suppositions are framed by her immature conception of sexual attraction and her inexperience with the realities of sexual tension. Also, the author mentions that Briony is the kind of character who likes to have everything just so. Consequently, her preoccupation with order and abiding consistency is a way for her to navigate the often confusing maze of adult emotions she is not yet ready to process.

So, when she comes across Cecilia and Robbie entangled in the throes of foreplay in Chapter 10, Briony thinks of Robbie as 'huge and wild' in contrast to the supposedly delicate and frail figure of her sister. Cecilia, meanwhile, shows no signs of gratitude for Briony's inopportune entrance; if anything, she views her sister's intrusion as an annoyance at best or an act of sabotage at worst. In this, Ian McEwen expertly highlights the latent competitiveness between sisters in his portrayal of the tension between Cecilia and Briony. Catastrophe is foreshadowed when Briony does catch Cecilia and Robbie in the throes of passionate sex in the library.

Briony's feelings of betrayal are palpable; the girl who has spent her private moments trying to regain her emotional equilibrium after her cousin, Lola, usurps her role in the play, must now witness her older sister's initiation into a part of the adult world she has no experience or conception of. In her mind, her older sister has achieved some sort of significance in a transcending experience she has had no part in. At that moment, the tragedy or catastrophe of unrealized dreams, unfulfilled longings, and thwarted desires for relevance and significance in an unforgiving adult world fuels Briony's subsequent misinterpretation of what she sees.

Unable to effectively process what she has just witnessed, Briony's misinterpretation of the sensual scene is at once pathetic as well as devastating:

Propelled from the depths of her ignorance, silly imagining, and girlish rectitude, she had come to call a halt.

It is devastating in the sense that Briony's misinterpretation of what she sees is about to set off a range of events which will bring sorrow and grief into her life and the lives of others.

In his essay titled "The Negro Artists and the Racial Mountain," what does Langston Hughes mean in saying the following:And now she turns up...

Langson Hughes's thesis in his essay "The Negro Artists and the Racial Mountain" is that the African-American artist cannot create true art, nor escape racism, if the African American is afraid of his own blackness, wanting to be white instead. To illustrate his point, he opens by expressing sorrow over the fact that a "young Negro poet" once said to him, "I want to be a poet--not a Negro poet," which Hughes logically concludes...

Langson Hughes's thesis in his essay "The Negro Artists and the Racial Mountain" is that the African-American artist cannot create true art, nor escape racism, if the African American is afraid of his own blackness, wanting to be white instead. To illustrate his point, he opens by expressing sorrow over the fact that a "young Negro poet" once said to him, "I want to be a poet--not a Negro poet," which Hughes logically concludes really means, "I would like to be white." Hughes asserts that the young African American will never be a "great poet" so long as he is afraid of himself.

An additional point Hughes uses to illustrate his argument is a reference to a "Philadelphia clubwoman," meaning a professional woman singer at a jazz club in Philadelphia, who once asked Hughes, "What makes you do so many jazz poems?" In Hughes's mind, in asking him that, she is snubbing jazz as something her race created without recognizing its significance. As Hughes explains, jazz is important to the African-American race because it developed out of the "eternal tom-tom beating" in the African American's soul as he fought against the forced labors of the white man's world. In rejecting jazz or anything else as being "too Negro," she is rejecting herself as a Negro and all that makes a Negro beautiful.

Hughes concludes by arguing that the African American must recognize and embrace what is both beautiful and ugly about himself in order to achieve true freedom.

What is an analysis of Walt Whitman's "Out of the Rolling Ocean the Crowd?

"Out of the Rolling Ocean the Crowd" appears in the "Children of Adam" cluster in Leaves of Grass. It made its first appearance in the 1860 revision of Leaves of Grass. 

"Children of Adam" is remarkable for its focus on male sexuality. The poems got Whitman into a great deal of trouble and caused his relationship with fellow poet and Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson to become strained, due to Whitman's refusal to drop the poems from the new collection. 

According to the late scholar James E. Miller, Jr., Whitman expresses, in these poems, the same passion for heterosexual love that he demonstrates for love between men. Moreover, he identifies himself explicitly with Adam, walking with Eve and reveling in the beauty of his masculine form.

In "Out of the Rolling Ocean the Crowd," the narrator has communion with the masses. Whitman was fascinated with the mundane fact of how human beings, particularly in crowded cities, continually brushed up against one another, glanced at one another, smelled one another, and then passed on, unlikely to see one another again. These moments of brief contact helped to connect us, he thought, in ways we hardly bothered to contemplate. The first line of the poem reflects this notion:

Out of the rolling ocean the crowd came a drop gently to me...

The first line echoes the title which compares "the crowd" to "the rolling ocean," something continuous and full of life. Like a drop of water from an ocean, he experiences "a drop" from the crowd, perhaps a glance or a brief touch.

That brief contact "speaks" to him, as though the person against whom he brushed speaks for the whole crowd:

Whispering I love you, before long I die,

I have travel'd a long way merely to look on you to touch you,

For I could not die till I once look'd on you,

For I fear'd I might afterward lose you.

This may seem hyperbolic, or exaggerated. The purpose here is to emphasize our mortality ("before long I die") and the circumstances, occurring over a lifetime, that briefly bring us into contact with one another ("I have travel'd a long way merely to look on you to touch you"), affirming our lives. 

After this communion occurs, we pass along, or move forward with our lives:

Now we have met, we have look'd, we are safe,

Return in peace to the ocean my love,

I too am part of that ocean my love, we are not so much separated...

The feeling of safety is what occurs when we experience connection -- when we realize that we are not apart from the crowd but instead a part of it. It is likened, in the next line, to a "great rondure," or curvature. Its "cohesion" is "perfect," like a veritable circle of love.

There is a break in this unity in the next line, signaled by the contrast transition "but":

But as for me, for you, the irresistible sea is to separate us,

As for an hour carrying us diverse, yet cannot carry us diverse forever...

The sea is a contrary current, another force in nature, that "[carries] us diverse," though not "forever." Diversity, or difference, is powerful, yet not as powerful as what unifies us. Thus, diversity here takes the form of the sea -- a smaller body -- while our "cohesion" is likened to the ocean, a more massive life-giving force. Our unity, or "cohesion," is inevitable, despite the forces of the "irresistible sea":

Be not impatient -- a little space -- know you I salute the air, the ocean and the land,

Every day at sundown for your dear sake my love.

Every element ("the air, the ocean and the land") that brings us together, if only momentarily, is worthy of appreciation. At the close of day ("sundown"), we are better off for it.