Please provide guidance on a thesis statement for an essay title "Lies my teacher told me".

The premise of your position is questionable and will, therefore, result in a challenging thesis.  The theme and title of your work should reflect an academic, balanced and respectful approach to the topic.  You may be able to argue some of the information provided during educational courses is not the only accepted explanation but categorizing them as lies is a tall order.  Using the phrase "lies my teacher told me" would seem juvenile and would...

The premise of your position is questionable and will, therefore, result in a challenging thesis.  The theme and title of your work should reflect an academic, balanced and respectful approach to the topic.  You may be able to argue some of the information provided during educational courses is not the only accepted explanation but categorizing them as lies is a tall order.  Using the phrase "lies my teacher told me" would seem juvenile and would lessen the impact of the work, regardless of the quality or factual nature, unless you are basing your essay on sociologist James W. Loewen's 1995 book of the same title: Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong.

A thesis is nothing more than a succinct way of stating your position and providing several broad defenses.  I suggest any thesis should have at least two, but preferably three defenses.  The thesis should be one or two sentences in length and included in your introductory paragraph.

Following your premise, that your teacher lied to you, there are several ways to develop your thesis.  You can directly challenge one teacher or textbook, or perhaps a more useful approach would be to challenge the conventional teachings of the educational community.  Please, note that just because you believe an alternate explanation for an event does not mean the counter is a lie. 

Your premise should look something like the following:  The educational system has provided inaccurate information on the infamous escape from Alcatraz, evolution, and the first American Thanksgiving.  You can include your own references or topics on which you believe your teacher lied to you.  The benefit of using the position and defense form of a thesis is that you build in your topic headings for later in the paper.  Using the hypothetically presented thesis above, you will have a section on Alcatraz, evolution, and Thanksgiving explaining how or why your teacher lied about each.

Why does Miss Emily's servant, Tobe, stay with her so faithfully during her life and then leave so quickly after her death in "A Rose for Emily"?

Tobe is, in the opinion of one who has taught the novel for so long, one of the most enigmatic and fascinating characters William Faulkner has ever gifted his readers. It because of the minimalism used to treat the character that the interest piques to such high levels. In terms of description and history, the avid Faulkner reader, or those who are drawn to this particular story, want to learn more about this man, and even compile as much as possible to create the story of his life. 

One of the best reference articles for Tobe is Miko Shiroma's "A Rose for Tobe: A New View of Faulkner's First Short Stories". Shiroma argues several possible truths about Tobe. First, that Tobe and Emily are, likely contemporaries. They were both born in the 1860's, meaning that they are quite close to one another in age. They may have bonded without blurring the master and servant likes (as far as the reader knows).

Other things known about Tobe are as follow. According to a longer typescript of Faulkner's that was rejected prior to the final publication of "A Rose for Emily", Tobe, as we can expect, was quite knowledgeable of what was going on upstairs in the Grierson house. In fact, there is a long passage detailing a conversation between Tobe and Emily, where he wonders what will happen upon her death when everyone finds out what is lurking in the room upstairs. This being established, we now can conclude two things:

First, Emily and Tobe were together in the big secret. Second, they were dependent on each other for secrecy, companionship, and to be each other's allies fighting against the claws of the futuristic machinery that is ending with the Jefferson County that they both once knew. 

Loyalty

All this established, let's extrapolate the reason why Tobe is loyal. The reasons exposed previously, note that Emily and Tobe were inevitably bound to stay together. However, Shiroma and other scholars expand on their relationship by offering the following historical note.  

Tobe's family was, more than likely, at the service of the Griersons at around the time Tobe was born. He must have grown as a slave since his birth in the Grierson's household and, perhaps, may have even become friendly with Emily. This is very possible. Notice that Emily is not shy in the presence of men, as a rule. She only avoided them when her father would shun her away from them. Yet, Emily is straightforward with Sartoris, with the priest, and with her immediate society while she is dating Homer. In other words, Emily is no shy violet. That she and Tobe were likely to have formed some sort of strong alliance since their youth is highly likely. It has to be, or else how can you justify their mutual tolerance for decades even after slavery has been abolished?

Tobe's escape

The potential reasons why Tobe left right away after Emily died are, in contrast, a lot more sinister than the reasons why he was loyal and stayed with her until the end.

Let's go back to that alliance that Emily and Tobe must have formed in order to co-exist in harmony for over 40 years in the same house. Tobe is aware of what is going on and, according to some scholars, may have been an accessory to the murder of Homer Barron. Given that Faulkner had already conceded this in his original manuscript, the most logical conclusion is the following: Tobe had to run, regardless!

Who, but Tobe, could have been questioned as to what took place in the room? Who, but Tobe, has the answers to every question as to what has taken place in that house for the time that it has been sealed to the public?

Therefore, Tobe did his part. He served lifelong friend. He took care of her, and she was kind enough to allow him to have something to live with. His participation in the murder, or the concealment of the murder, of Homer would have gotten him in tremendous trouble. Therefore Tobe, and anyone else remotely connected to a case of this magnitude, would have more than likely, done the same, exact thing. 

How many elements shows catenation property?

Catenation is the property of an element, wherein the atom binds to like atoms. The most common example of catenating element is carbon. It's atoms can bind with each other to form large chains. This is the reason we have large number of carbon-based compounds, more commonly known as organic compounds. Carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and each atom is capable of forming upto four covalent bonds. Apart from carbon,...

Catenation is the property of an element, wherein the atom binds to like atoms. The most common example of catenating element is carbon. It's atoms can bind with each other to form large chains. This is the reason we have large number of carbon-based compounds, more commonly known as organic compounds. Carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and each atom is capable of forming upto four covalent bonds. Apart from carbon, other elements capable of catenation include, silicon, sulfur, boron, phosphorous, etc. However, none of these elements form as long a chain as carbon. For example, sulfur naturally occurs as S8 molecule. Similarly, silicon chains are also possible, but with up to 8 silicon atoms. The catenating chains formed by non-carbon elements result in inorganic polymers.

Hope this helps.

How did Liebig improve the teaching of chemistry?

Liebig (1803-1873) improved the teaching of chemistry by making chemistry a distinct field of study, separate from pharmacy. Previously, chemistry had been taught as part of pharmacy to pharmacists and doctors. He also instituted a structured plan of study that included laboratory experience, and he began a systematic study of organic chemistry (which was largely unknown until that point). Using a five-bulb mechanism that contained potash, he was able to burn an organic compound with copper oxide and identify the products of the oxidation. Liebig's process enabled chemists to more accurately determine the carbon content of organic compounds, and it was a faster process than what had existed before. As a result, he and his students were able to better understand organic compounds and to improve the teaching and understanding of organic chemistry. 

On what page of To Kill A Mockingbird does Atticus walk out of the court room?

Atticus left the courtroom in Chapter 21 of To Kill a Mockingbird.  In my book, it is located on page 215.  After Tom Robinson's guilty verdict, Atticus stood up to leave the courtroom.  Scout observed her father from where she sat in the balcony:

Atticus took his coat off the back of his chair and pulled it over his shoulder.  Then he left the courtroom, but not by his usual exit.  He must have...

Atticus left the courtroom in Chapter 21 of To Kill a Mockingbird.  In my book, it is located on page 215.  After Tom Robinson's guilty verdict, Atticus stood up to leave the courtroom.  Scout observed her father from where she sat in the balcony:

Atticus took his coat off the back of his chair and pulled it over his shoulder.  Then he left the courtroom, but not by his usual exit.  He must have wanted to go home the short way, because he walked quickly down the middle aisle toward the south exit.

Scout was sad.  She was upset about the verdict, but she also felt sad for her father.  He had fought for Tom's innocence with passion and skill.  He had suffered from insults and social alienation from his friends and neighbors.  This had never deterred him from fighting for Tom in court.  Scout knew that he felt defeated, as his quick exit from the courtroom indicated.  

Though Atticus lost the case, the black citizens of Maycomb still showed their respect and admiration for him.  As Atticus passed through the courtroom on his way toward the exit, the black men and women in the balcony stood up to honor him.

You have recently decided to invest in a CD. Your CD is paying 2.5% for the next two years. You are investing $2,000 in your CD. How much...

Given Principal(P)=$2000, Time period (t)=2 years, Annual Interest Rate=2.5%

Now the amount at the end of two years will depend on, whether the interest is paid as simple interest or compound interest and the compounding periods. This is not stated in the question.

a) Amount on the basis of simple interest

`A=P(1+rt)`

`A=2000(1+2.5/100*2)`

`A=2000(1+0.05)`

`A=2100`

CD will be worth $2100, if simple interest is considered.

b) Assuming compound interest on annual basis

`A=P(1+r)^t`

`A=2000(1+2.5/100)^2`

`A=2000(1.025)^2`

...

Given Principal(P)=$2000, Time period (t)=2 years, Annual Interest Rate=2.5%

Now the amount at the end of two years will depend on, whether the interest is paid as simple interest or compound interest and the compounding periods. This is not stated in the question.

a) Amount on the basis of simple interest

`A=P(1+rt)`

`A=2000(1+2.5/100*2)`

`A=2000(1+0.05)`

`A=2100`

CD will be worth $2100, if simple interest is considered.

b) Assuming compound interest on annual basis

`A=P(1+r)^t`

`A=2000(1+2.5/100)^2`

`A=2000(1.025)^2`

`A=2101.25`

CD will yield $2101.25, if compound interest is considered on annual basis.

c) If interest is compounded quarterly

`A=P(1+2.5/(4*100))^(4*2)`

`A=2000(1+0.00625)^8`

`A=2000(1.00625)^8`

`A=2102.215`

CD will yield `~~` $2102.22, if interest is compounded quarterly.

What is the introduction in The Old Man and the Sea?

The story of The Old Man and the Seabegins by giving us the setting. Santiago fishes alone in the Gulf Stream and has been very unsuccessful for the past 84 days. The fact that we are given a specific number shows us that he has been counting. Manolin was fishing with him until day 40, when his parents ordered him to switch boats because they deemed Santiago unlucky, or salao. It describes Santiago as...

The story of The Old Man and the Sea begins by giving us the setting. Santiago fishes alone in the Gulf Stream and has been very unsuccessful for the past 84 days. The fact that we are given a specific number shows us that he has been counting. Manolin was fishing with him until day 40, when his parents ordered him to switch boats because they deemed Santiago unlucky, or salao. It describes Santiago as a tanned, weathered old man with cheerful eyes. Manolin reaffirms his faith in Santiago, and assures him that he would rather be fishing with him.

The two of them go to the Terrace where the other fishermen are to have a beer and talk. Some react respectfully to Santiago, while others make fun of him. Manolin relives some old memories of fishing with Santiago when he was five years old. Manolin helps Santiago carry the gear, and they go to the old man's home and discuss baseball. Later, Manolin will return to bring Santiago dinner. Since Santiago has not caught any fish in 84 days, he cannot afford to eat, but Manolin helps him out with respect and sensitivity.

The beginning of the book focuses on Santiago and Manolin's close relationship, and their caring for one another. It also explains and emphasizes the need for Santiago to catch a fish, not only to support himself, but also to restore his pride in his own abilities and his reputation among the other fishermen.

Construct an argument for how earth's interior layers may have formed, and how the layers contribute to earth's processes.

In the beginning, the earth was a part of the solar nebula, which was a huge gas and dust cloud.  Earth was formed by a process called accretion, which basically is the accumulation of bits and pieces of dust and gas together.  Earth took about ten to twenty million years to form, then was relatively molten with lots of volcanic activity, due to all the collisions that were taking place. Due to the fact everything...

In the beginning, the earth was a part of the solar nebula, which was a huge gas and dust cloud.  Earth was formed by a process called accretion, which basically is the accumulation of bits and pieces of dust and gas together.  Earth took about ten to twenty million years to form, then was relatively molten with lots of volcanic activity, due to all the collisions that were taking place. Due to the fact everything was molten, the denser, heavier elements, such as iron, settled to the center, while the lighter, less dense elements stayed in the outer layers.  This would explain why the earth has an iron core, then a less dense molten mantle, and then a lighter, least dense rigid outer crust.  The iron core is divided into an outer core, which is liquid, and an inner core, which is solid.  This two-part core tandem is responsible for generating earth's magnetic field, which protects the earth from harmful particles in the sun's solar wind.  The outer crust is fractured, or broken, into large and small pieces called tectonic plates.  Part of the processes of the earth involve these plates pushing into each other, pulling apart from each other, or sliding past each other.  All these processes produce volcanic and seismographic events on a recurring and regular basis.  The crust has new crustal material added and old crustal material subducted into the mantle, where it is melted down and recycled again.  All these processes result in the earth producing volcanoes and earthquakes as a general rule.

What are some examples of Jonas's father in The Giver doing something that was valued in pre-Sameness societies?

Jonas’s father exhibits compassion, a rare trait in the community but one prized by us.

Jonas’s father is unique in the community because he actually cares about others.  This is not common for them because they believe in Sameness.  This means that emotions of any kind are a rarity for these people.  Their society has carefully designed the rules so that no one ever thinks too much about anything or anyone else.  This way, no one will ever be uncomfortable.

An example of Jonas’s father’s compassion is his treatment of Gabriel.  Most people in the community do not consider releasing babies unusual.  It is disappointing, but a fact of life.  If a baby does not meet the growth targets, he or she is released.  That’s just the way it is.  Jonas’s father, who is a nurturer, gets attached to a young male Newchild named Gabriel and decides to intervene before he can be released.  This is just not done, normally.

But I did go in this afternoon and looked to see if this year's Naming list had been made yet. … I looked up number Thirty-six--that's the little guy I've been concerned about--because it occurred to me that it might enhance his nurturing if I could call him by a name. (Ch. 2)

First, Jonas’s father breaks a rule and looks up Gabriel’s name because even though all babies are just called by numbers, he thinks that the baby will grow better if he has a name (which he can only use when no one else is around).  He also goes even further, and arranges a special extension for Gabriel.

He had been given an unusual and special reprieve from the committee, and granted an additional year of nurturing before his Naming and Placement. Father had gone before the committee with a plea on behalf of Gabriel … (Ch. 6)

Jonas’s father cares enough about the baby, and has grown attached to it enough, to save its life.  Normally he would be labeled “Inadequate” and released.  Jonas’s father has done two unusual things—checking the name list, and asking for an extension.  It shows that he has a unique ability to relate to and care for others.

Eventually, even Jonas’s father’s compassion has its limits.  Jonas, with the benefit of the memories, understands the way life and death works, and appreciates love.  Jonas’s father has grown up in the community, where Sameness stifles emotions.  Eventually he votes to release Gabriel along with the others.  He also seems to have no qualms about killing the smaller newborn twin.  Jonas and The Giver alone understand why that is wrong.

What is Rainsford's primary trait in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

Rainsford has a lot of traits.  He's confident, intelligent, brave, masculine, honest, physically fit, and he has a good moral compass.  I can't pick a primary trait because he is equally all of those things at the same time.  Those traits are what make Rainsford.  

However, if you were to ask a slightly different question, I think I can pick one trait.  "What trait do you think keeps Rainsford alive more than any other...

Rainsford has a lot of traits.  He's confident, intelligent, brave, masculine, honest, physically fit, and he has a good moral compass.  I can't pick a primary trait because he is equally all of those things at the same time.  Those traits are what make Rainsford.  

However, if you were to ask a slightly different question, I think I can pick one trait.  "What trait do you think keeps Rainsford alive more than any other trait?"  

I think Rainsford's ability to stay cool, calm, and collected is the primary trait that keeps him alive.  Rainsford is in an incredibly dangerous situation.  He is being hunted, and if he loses, he dies.  That's a high stress environment, yet Rainsford never goes into full panic mode.  Even at the end of the story when Zaroff is closing in with the dogs, Rainsford's mind is still working on plans to escape.  He may be running for his life, but he's not running recklessly.  

They would be on him any minute now. His mind worked frantically. He thought of a native trick he had learned in Uganda. He slid down the tree. He caught hold of a springy young sapling and to it he fastened his hunting knife, with the blade pointing down the trail; with a bit of wild grapevine he tied back the sapling. Then he ran for his life. The hounds raised their voices as they hit the fresh scent. Rainsford knew now how an animal at bay feels.

A reader could argue that Rainsford jumped into the sea in a panic, but I disagree.  I think the jump was just another clear, calculated risk that Rainsford was willing to take.  And it paid off.  

Please narrate the story the young man tells Gortsby in "Dusk."

Norman Gortsby sits on a park bench in the Park where he comes at dusk. After an older gentleman leaves, a young man plunks himself down, uttering an expletive. 

 "You don't seem in a very good temper," said Gortsby, judging that he was expected to take due notice of the demonstration.

The young man states that no one would be in a good mood if someone had experiences what he has. 

"Yes?" said Gortsby dispassionately. 

Feeling encouraged to relate what has happened to him, the young man explains that he arrived in the city with reservations to a hotel in Bershire Square. However, when he arrived in this square, there was no hotel. Instead, there is a cinema constructed where the hotel has been. And, since he had no where to go, the taxi driver suggested a hotel in another part of the city, so he went there.
Once at the new hotel, the young man wrote to his contacts and told them where he relocated. Then, he decided to step out for soap since he loathes hotel soap. And, while he was out, the young man wanted to have a drink in a bar, and to look at the shops. But, by the time he decided to return to the hotel, he realized that he had forgotten the name of the hotel, as well as on what street it is located.
So, now the young man is lost. While he can wire his contacts, his letter will not arrive until tomorrow; so, for the time being, he has nowhere to stay the night. 

"I suppose you think I've spun you rather an impossible yarn," said the young man presently, with a suggestion of resentment in his voice.

Gortsby commiserates, saying that he once was lost, too. But, counters the young man, he is not in a foreign country as Gortsby was, and if he were, he could contact his embassy and not have to spent a night on the Embankment. He concludes by saying to Gortsby, "I'm glad, anyhow, that you don't think the story outrageously improbable."
Gortsby says that the tale has been good, except for the part about the soap since he should be able to produce this item to verify what he says. Then, the young man jambs his hands into his pockets, but he cannot find the soap. Upon hearing these words, the young man jumps to his feet and searches his pockets. "I must have dropped it," he concludes. Gortsby says to lose his hotel and then his soap is to much to believe.

What type of inheritance includes several genes that effect a single trait?

Some phenotypes are due to the additive effects of multiple genes rather than on simply a single gene pair. This type of inheritance is known as polygenic inheritance. 

Height and skin color are inherited in this fashion and are hard to predict by simply looking at the two parents' phenotypes. That is because each parent contributes several genes to produce the characteristic of height or skin color. And, the combination of which alleles and subsequently their additive effects, contribute to the phenotype of the individual. Based on the combination of alleles that are inherited, there will be a wide range of phenotypes that follow a bell-shaped distribution with most individuals clustered around the intermediate phenotype. On either end, will be the extreme phenotypes for that trait.

For example, if there are three gene pairs for skin color which all combine to produce a phenotype, and if each pair has one light allele and one darker allele the following would occur. If an uppercase letter represents the darker gene and the lower case letter represents the lighter gene and there is incomplete dominance, consider the following gene pairs to determine skin complexion. AaBbCc  are the six possible alleles that can be passed down to offspring.

If someone inherits  the combination of AABBCC, this person would be an individual with a very dark complexion  and if someone inherits aabbcc, this person would have a very light complexion. The number of these individuals in a population are not very high.  However, usually, the majority of people will have a complexion which is intermediate between the two. For instance, a person may inherit Aa Bb cc where they only have two darker genes A and B and the rest are for the lighter skin tones. Remember it is the combination of these alleles and their additive effects which produces the polygenic trait. The more dominant genes a person inherits will have a greater effect on the phenotype that is produced.

Also, it is important to note that environmental factors such as how much sunlight a person is exposed to will affect the trait of skin color and for the trait of height-- exercise, diet and being a non-smoker all have an effect on the person's phenotype.

Please help me scan the following lines from Robert Browning's poem "Count Gismond: Aix in Provence": I thought they loved me, did me grace To...

The first tactic you should use in scanning a poem is to look for words containing more than one syllable. Start with the line:

If showing mine so caused to bleed

The word "showing" can only be pronounced one way, showing (NB: the bolded syllable is stressed). Say it out loud. Try pronouncing the word first as showing and then as showing, and it will be obvious that the word must be...

The first tactic you should use in scanning a poem is to look for words containing more than one syllable. Start with the line:

If showing mine so caused to bleed

The word "showing" can only be pronounced one way, showing (NB: the bolded syllable is stressed). Say it out loud. Try pronouncing the word first as showing and then as showing, and it will be obvious that the word must be stressed on the first syllable. 

This then gives us the first clue as to how to scan the line. Next, think about the word "if." It is a small, monosyllabic word, and probably less important than the verb "showing" and thus we would not be likely to stress it in reading. So far, we have:

If showing mine ...

Next, you should look at the other words in the line and read them aloud. In general, small, unimportant words such as conjunctions and prepositions are naturally unstressed and more important words such as nouns and verbs stressed. Thus one would say "to bleed" rather than "to bleed".

Thus the line would be scanned:

If showing mine so caused to bleed

You can see a regular pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (thus the basic foot of the line is iambic) repeated four times (thus the line is a tetrameter). The meter of the line therefore is iambic tetrameter. The lines you quoted all follow the identical pattern of regular iambic tetrameter. The rhyme scheme is ABABCC.

What are the effects of changing the rhubarb surface area measured by the rate of reaction between the oxalic acid and the dilute potassium...

Rhubarb contains oxalic acid. When rhubarb is dipped into a solution of potassium permanganate, reduction occurs and solution gets decolorized. The relevant chemical equation is:

`2 MnO_4^(-) + 5C_2H_2O_4 + 6H_3O^+ -> 2 Mn^(2+) + 10 CO_2 + 14 H_2O`

Potassium permanganate solution is purple colored. However, it loses its color, when it interacts with oxalic acid in the rhubarb. An increase in the surface area of rhubarb, increases the availability of oxalic acid and...

Rhubarb contains oxalic acid. When rhubarb is dipped into a solution of potassium permanganate, reduction occurs and solution gets decolorized. The relevant chemical equation is:

`2 MnO_4^(-) + 5C_2H_2O_4 + 6H_3O^+ -> 2 Mn^(2+) + 10 CO_2 + 14 H_2O`

Potassium permanganate solution is purple colored. However, it loses its color, when it interacts with oxalic acid in the rhubarb. An increase in the surface area of rhubarb, increases the availability of oxalic acid and increases the rate of reaction. When that happens, the solution decolorizes faster. 

In general, rate of reaction is a function of the available surface area (when the reaction involves a surface); more the surface area, faster is the reaction. Temperature is another factor which positively influences the rate of reaction. In the current case, we can increase the surface area of rhubarb, by cutting it into smaller pieces or splitting it into multiple fragments, etc.

Hope this helps.

What are some of Sigmund Freud's contributions to psychology?

1) In The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud revolutionized the psychological consideration of dreams. Previously, dreams were either treated analogically, in relation to age-old tales, or they were related to dream-guides, sets of predetermined symbols that were supposed to "decode" dreams. Instead, Freud advocates for a treatment of dreams based on their particular context in the dreamer's life. 

2) In Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud introduced the idea of the death drive. Previously, it...

1) In The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud revolutionized the psychological consideration of dreams. Previously, dreams were either treated analogically, in relation to age-old tales, or they were related to dream-guides, sets of predetermined symbols that were supposed to "decode" dreams. Instead, Freud advocates for a treatment of dreams based on their particular context in the dreamer's life. 

2) In Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud introduced the idea of the death drive. Previously, it was widely believed that human life was directed toward the sustaining of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. However, Freud put forth the idea that humans have a death drive that often drives humans to self-destructive actions.

3) In The Ego and the Id, Freud worked out his idea of the Id, the Ego, and the Superego. The Id is the part of the psyche that deals with the basic drives. The Ego is the part of the psyche that tries to please the Id and keep it in check. The Superego is the internalization of societal forces and norms.

4) In Mourning and Melancholia, Freud works out the subjective responses to loss. Mourning is the subject's conscious way of dealing with a specific object that has been lost, whereas melancholia is unconscious and deals with a kind of loss that the subject cannot necessarily place.

5) A huge development of Freud's was his idea of the Oedipus complex. This is a theory of psychosexual development dealing with the mother and father, and Freud discusses this in The Interpretation of Dreams. 

6) Freud was hugely influential in his discussions of trauma and the ways in which it marked the body. According to Freud, what is repressed by the mind shows up again, in a different form, and plays itself out through the body. 

Where has the poet stopped? Why does his horse think it queer?

The narrator of the poem has stopped in the woods to watch them "fill up with snow" (line 4), the woods of someone who lives the village, a moment of quiet contemplation and beauty, I would say.  The horse is puzzled because horses are creatures of habit, and this horse is likely to not be accustomed to stopping in the middle of nowhere. The narrator says the horse thinks it queer "To stop without a...

The narrator of the poem has stopped in the woods to watch them "fill up with snow" (line 4), the woods of someone who lives the village, a moment of quiet contemplation and beauty, I would say.  The horse is puzzled because horses are creatures of habit, and this horse is likely to not be accustomed to stopping in the middle of nowhere. The narrator says the horse thinks it queer "To stop without a farmhouse near" (line 6), suggesting that the horse is accustomed to a route in which stops are made where there are houses, not in the middle of the woods. The horse probably expects a stop to include water and hay and perhaps being put in the barn for the night. The horse has a moment of impatience, shaking his harness bells, "To ask if there is some mistake" (line 10).  This seems to bring the narrator out of his moment of absorption, reminding him he must move on, since he has "promises to keep,/And miles to go before I sleep" (lines 14-15).    

How does Squeaky's attitude in "Raymond's Run" by Toni Cade Bambara change by the end of the story?

In the beginning of "Raymond's Run" by Toni Cade Bambara, Squeaky is only concerned about herself and her handicapped brother, Raymond. She is very competitive and brags about being the best runner in town with the exception of her father. Squeaky is also especially protective of Raymond and is always ready for a fight with anyone who makes fun of him. She is easily irritated with the other girls in her class, specifically Gretchen, who...

In the beginning of "Raymond's Run" by Toni Cade Bambara, Squeaky is only concerned about herself and her handicapped brother, Raymond. She is very competitive and brags about being the best runner in town with the exception of her father. Squeaky is also especially protective of Raymond and is always ready for a fight with anyone who makes fun of him. She is easily irritated with the other girls in her class, specifically Gretchen, who will be her main competition in the May Day race and who, as Squeaky says, "...talks about me like a dog" (Bambara 4).  By the end of the story, though, Squeaky realizes Gretchen actually is a pretty good runner, and both girls have a new-found respect for one another. Squeaky also sees that Raymond has run right along side of them on the other side of the fence, and she thinks about possibly partnering up with Gretchen to train her brother. In the short span of the story, Squeaky has matured considerably.

In the book The Egypt Game, what are some similarities that April and Melanie share?

Although April and Melanie have different backgrounds, they have some things in common that help them forge a strong friendship. They are the same age, live in the same apartment building, and go to the same school. However, the most important similarity they share is that they both have strong imaginations and like immersing themselves in a world of make-believe. While some girls their age would have looked down on Melanie's paper-doll family game, April...

Although April and Melanie have different backgrounds, they have some things in common that help them forge a strong friendship. They are the same age, live in the same apartment building, and go to the same school. However, the most important similarity they share is that they both have strong imaginations and like immersing themselves in a world of make-believe. While some girls their age would have looked down on Melanie's paper-doll family game, April is able to engage in it with Melanie. Both of them are in sync when they play the Egypt game. They build on each other's ideas and are able to cooperate and not compete with each other. They are also in agreement on many things, including whom they should allow to join the game. They have similar attitudes about boys; in general, they don't want to hang out with boys, but they find Ken and Toby funny and interesting. April and Melanie become close friends because they enjoy a style of play that relies on active imagination and the ability to lose themselves within a make-believe world.

Explain how the Declaration of Independence preserved individual rights and formed a strong and long lasting union.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed

With these statements in the opening portion of the Declaration of Independence, the colonists describe the importance of individual liberty...

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed

With these statements in the opening portion of the Declaration of Independence, the colonists describe the importance of individual liberty and the rights of the governed.  Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, would state that when political leaders do not provide for these individual freedoms, the citizens have the duty and right to call for a new government.  The colonists had repeatedly petitioned England to reform their practices toward the colonists, the demands were ignored.  This is the crux of Jefferson's argument for dissolution with England.  The individual and collective liberties that governments were meant to provide were not being met.

As for the unity of the nation, the Declaration of Independence was also an important step.  The thirteen colonies, to that point in time, were very different from one another.  They had different cultures, commercial interests, and histories.  The Declaration of Independence acted as a statement of shared concern.  The grievances listed in the document were shared by all of the colonies.  Consider the following passage:

That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved;

The language of that statement is clear:  the colonies are now to be united in the cause of creating an independent political entity in the New World.  

How did the Hitler Youth become like a family? What would be a quote to go with that?

One way that the Hitler Youth resembled a "family" was that it shunned any outside belief system in favor of its own.

There was a clear "insider/ outsider" status when it came to the Hitler Youth.  Either someone was a part of it or they were outside of it.  The Hitler Youth did not take kindly to the outside world interfering in what they believed and how they lived.  In this respect, they could be...

One way that the Hitler Youth resembled a "family" was that it shunned any outside belief system in favor of its own.

There was a clear "insider/ outsider" status when it came to the Hitler Youth.  Either someone was a part of it or they were outside of it.  The Hitler Youth did not take kindly to the outside world interfering in what they believed and how they lived.  In this respect, they could be seen as resembling a family.  They kept the ideas of the "outside world" apart from the way they lived.  Like a family, members of the Hitler Youth depended on total submission.  Alfons Heck felt that he “belonged to Adolf Hitler, body and soul.”  This helps to illustrate how the Hitler Youth was like a family.  It was comprised of people who "belonged" to one another because they "belonged" to Nazi teachings.  In its rejection of the outside world and its praising of its own values, the Hitler Youth could bear some resemblance to a family.

At the time of the Nazi rise to power, Bartoletti describes how Germany was not the best of places to live.  The nation consisted of a “weak, unstable government, high unemployment and widespread poverty.”  In some respects, the Hitler Youth provided a type of "family" to children who wished to escape this unstable outside world.  Kids who joined the Hitler Youth found stability and structure.  It was a family of similar, suffering people who wanted to belong to something.  Conformity was the glue that held the family together.  In this way, the Hitler Youth can be seen as a family for or of disenfranchised youth who sought acceptance by a social group.

Who is Duncan referring to in his speech in Act I, Scene 4, before Macbeth, Banquo, Ross, and Angus enter?

Just before Macbeth, Banquo, Ross, and Angus enter in Act I, Scene 4 of Macbeth, King Duncan says:

There's no artTo find the mind's construction in the face.He was a gentleman on whom I builtAn absolute trust.

Duncan is referring to the Thane of Cawdor who has just been executed for high treason. As Scene 4 opens, Duncan asks his son Malcolm:

Is execution done on Cawdor? Are notThose in...

Just before Macbeth, Banquo, Ross, and Angus enter in Act I, Scene 4 of Macbeth, King Duncan says:

There's no art
To find the mind's construction in the face.
He was a gentleman on whom I built
An absolute trust.

Duncan is referring to the Thane of Cawdor who has just been executed for high treason. As Scene 4 opens, Duncan asks his son Malcolm:

Is execution done on Cawdor? Are not
Those in commission yet returned?

Malcolm informs his father that Cawdor is dead and relates what he has heard about how Cawdor died bravely and begged Duncan's pardon for his treachery.

It is ironic that Macbeth enters just at the point where Duncan says that there is no way of reading a person's mind from his facial features or facial expressions. Macbeth is already the new Thane of Cawdor, and he is thinking of assassinating Duncan in order to replace him as king of Scotland. The ensuing conversation between Duncan and Macbeth is understood by the audience as requiring Macbeth to hide his true thoughts, feelings and intentions. When Duncan announces that he is naming his son Malcolm the Prince of Cumberland, Macbeth must continue to hide behind a rigid mask, but he has a strong internal reaction to this news because it makes Malcolm the official heir apparent to the throne. Macbeth tells himself in an aside to keep the truth hidden:

Stars, hide your fires;
Let not light see my black and deep desires.
The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be
Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see.

Only the audience knows what is going on inside Macbeth. He is learning to be treacherous. It is almost as if he has inherited the duplicitous nature of Cawdor along with his title.

Macbeth would have a hard time becoming king if he killed Duncan but left Malcolm alive. Then there was Donalbain, the younger son, who would seem to be the natural successor to the throne if Malcolm were eliminated. Shakespeare did not know how to deal with this problem. He had enough to think about in staging the bloody assassination of Duncan. It really looks as if Shakespeare was only thinking one scene ahead at a time. He didn't know what Macbeth was going to do about Malcolm and Duncan. Maybe Macbeth would murder all three in their beds that night. Shakespeare was counting on his own genius to handle the problem with the boys after Macbeth and his wife had disposed of their father. The final solution was to have Malcolm and Donalbain decide to flee for their lives, Malcolm to England and Donalbain to Ireland. In Act II, Scene 3, Malcolm tells his brother:

This murderous shaft that's shot
Hath not yet lighted, and our safest way
Is to avoid the aim. Therefore to horse;
And let us not be dainty of leave-taking,
But shift away. There's warrant in that theft
Which steals itself when there's no mercy left.

Their precipitous flight enabled Macbeth to claim that Malcolm and Donalbain had paid Duncan's two attendants to murder their father in his sleep, and Macbeth had disposed of the grooms to prevent them from telling a different story.

How did The Opium Wars change the traditional Chinese society by forcing China to embrace the modern world?

The Chinese fought two Opium Wars: the first, in 1839-1842, was against the British, while the second (from 1856-1860) against the French and British. The result of both wars was that the Chinese, under the Qing, were forced to open up trade and and grant territories to foreigners. As a result, the Qing began to lose power.

In the First Opium War, the Chinese tried to prevent the British from trading opium in China, as...

The Chinese fought two Opium Wars: the first, in 1839-1842, was against the British, while the second (from 1856-1860) against the French and British. The result of both wars was that the Chinese, under the Qing, were forced to open up trade and and grant territories to foreigners. As a result, the Qing began to lose power.

In the First Opium War, the Chinese tried to prevent the British from trading opium in China, as the drug was having a disastrous effect on Chinese society and trade. The Chinese destroyed opium stored in Canton, and the British later destroyed a warship that was trying to enforce a blockade of the Pearl River in Hong Kong. The British were victorious in the war, and the resulting Treaty of Nanjing (or Nanking) gave the island of Hong Kong to the British and increased the number of treaty ports where the British could live and trade from one to five. The British gained the port of Shanghai, which became a major international city, and the Qing began to lose power to foreigners. In a later supplemental treaty, the British gained the right to try their citizens in their own courts and gave Britain most favored nation status--a right that was later given to other foreign powers, including France and the United States.

In the Second Opium War, the British attacked again while the Chinese were trying to quell the Taiping Rebellion, and the British were joined by French forces. The resulting treaties of Tianjin allowed foreigners to take residence in Beijing and opened up trade and travel at several more ports and into the interior of China. Christian missionaries were allowed into China, and the trade in opium became legal. The overall effect of the wars was to weaken the Qing and permit foreigners to begin to trade and travel widely in China. 

How would you describe Bottom's acting ability? What is Bottom's own opinion about his acting ability?

It's difficult to judge Bottom's acting ability from the play as written, because everything depends upon the performance of the play and the interpretation of the role. Bottom is arrogant and controlling, with an aggressive attitude, as shown when he insists he can play every role. In Act 1 Scene 2, when the players are preparing their performance of "Pyramus and Thisbe," every time Peter Quince announces which of the company will play a role,...

It's difficult to judge Bottom's acting ability from the play as written, because everything depends upon the performance of the play and the interpretation of the role. Bottom is arrogant and controlling, with an aggressive attitude, as shown when he insists he can play every role. In Act 1 Scene 2, when the players are preparing their performance of "Pyramus and Thisbe," every time Peter Quince announces which of the company will play a role, Bottom insists he wants to play it and describes in detail how he will do it better than the actor chosen. For example, in describing how he would play the lion, after Quince says he would be too loud and frightening in the role, he says, "I grant you, friends, if you should fright the ladies out of their wits, they would have no more discretion but to hang us. But I will aggravate my voice so that I will roar you as gently as any sucking dove. I will roar you an ’twere any nightingale." He goes on to describe the many different colored wigs and beards he has access to, as if this also adds to his prowess as an actor.

Ironically, the ability to portray "bad" acting is generally something that can only be done by a very good actor. Shakespeare used various conceits about acting in a number of his plays. It would be ironic to have Bottom portrayed as a very good actor who, despite his arrogance, is justified in his insistence that he is the best choice for the role. But most performances of this play portray Bottom as a fool who only thinks he is a good actor.

`int x(2x + 5)^8 dx` Evaluate the indefinite integral.

Since it would be very hard to raise to the 8th power the binomial 2x + 5, you need to use the following substitution  `2x+5=u` , such that:

`2x+5 = u=>2dx = du => dx= (du)/2`

`x = (u-5)/2`

`int x*(2x+5)^8dx = (1/4) int (u-5)*u^8 du`

`(1/4) int (u-5)*u^8 du = (1/4) int u^9du - (1/4) int 5u^8 du`

`(1/4) int (u-5)*u^8 du = (u^10)/40 - (5u^9)/36 + c`

Replacing back `2x+5` for u yields:

`int...

Since it would be very hard to raise to the 8th power the binomial 2x + 5, you need to use the following substitution  `2x+5=u` , such that:

`2x+5 = u=>2dx = du => dx= (du)/2`

`x = (u-5)/2`

`int x*(2x+5)^8dx = (1/4) int (u-5)*u^8 du`

`(1/4) int (u-5)*u^8 du = (1/4) int u^9du - (1/4) int 5u^8 du`

`(1/4) int (u-5)*u^8 du = (u^10)/40 - (5u^9)/36 + c`

Replacing back `2x+5` for u yields:

`int x*(2x+5)^8dx = ((2x+5)^10)/40 - (5(2x+5)^9)/36 + c`

Hence, evaluating the indefinite integral, yields `int x*(2x+5)^8dx = ((2x+5)^10)/40 - (5(2x+5)^9)/36 + c.`

What are the implications of globalization for the environment?

The general impression I think most people have is that globalization has been bad for the environment, increasing rates of pollution, deforestation, desertification, and so on; but that's a very simplistic view.

Globalization, particularly the rise of multinational corporations that exist between or beyond national boundaries, does raise some significant challenges for environmental policy. Corporations that answer to no particular jurisdiction often have too much free reign to engage in activities that pollute or degrade...

The general impression I think most people have is that globalization has been bad for the environment, increasing rates of pollution, deforestation, desertification, and so on; but that's a very simplistic view.

Globalization, particularly the rise of multinational corporations that exist between or beyond national boundaries, does raise some significant challenges for environmental policy. Corporations that answer to no particular jurisdiction often have too much free reign to engage in activities that pollute or degrade the environment; and they have an economic incentive to do so, because the profits will accrue to them while the damage will be largely in the form of externalities that are shared over most of the world's population.

However, globalization can also create opportunities for improving environmental sustainability.

One example is ecotourism; instead of slashing and burning the Amazon for local production, Brazil now has the opportunity to make revenue from tourists who come from around the world to see the wonders of the Amazon. This can potentially raise as much revenue as slash-and-burn in a much more sustainable way, and it would not be possible without globalization.

Another example is the spread of technology; while some technologies can be more polluting than their obsolete equivalents, many new technologies are actually much more efficient and clean. For example, we think of coal as being very high-polluting (and it is, especially compared to nuclear, solar, or wind power), but in many poor countries burning wood is still a major source of heat, and wood turns out to be even more high-polluting than coal. Thus, switching from burning wood to burning coal can actually improve standard of living while reducing carbon emissions.

Trade policy has a very important role to play in deciding whether globalization will be positive or negative for the environment.

If international trade agreements include strong environmental protections, then as trade becomes more globalized, environmental standards will improve. This is not contrary to promoting economic development, and in fact in the long run economic development will be much more successful if it comes with environmental sustainability.

On the other hand, if trade agreements do not include environmental protections, they can create incentives to move production into the countries that have the lowest environmental standards, a "race to the bottom" that can be very damaging to environmental sustainability worldwide. There might be short-term gains in profits, but in the long run we will all be worse off.

How is the mystery solved at the end of The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle?

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's mystery novel The Hound of the Baskervilles, Mr. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson have been asked to look into the death of the late Sir Charles Baskerville. The facts of Sir Charles' death appear to be quite plain-- he died of a fright-induced heart attack when confronted by a demon hound. At least, that is the version of the story most people are prepared to suspect. Even Dr. Mortimer,...

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's mystery novel The Hound of the Baskervilles, Mr. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson have been asked to look into the death of the late Sir Charles Baskerville. The facts of Sir Charles' death appear to be quite plain-- he died of a fright-induced heart attack when confronted by a demon hound. At least, that is the version of the story most people are prepared to suspect. Even Dr. Mortimer, who brings this case to Holmes and Watson, feels that the only possible explanation of Sir Charles' death is supernatural. Holmes does not think so and begins to develop suspicions otherwise. In order to better investigate and try to prevent the death of Sir Henry--the inheritor of Baskerville Hall-- Holmes and Watson make a visit to the Estate. Watson stays behind while Holmes returns to London to carry on other business, with the request that Watson send regular reports to him of any happenings on the Estate.

I think that Mr. Holmes has solved the case by the time he heads back to London, leaving Dr. Watson in Devonshire. It's not like him to abandon the scene of a crime without having solved his case. This is one of those particular instances where Holmes has solved the case quite early on but needs to let events play out in order to prove himself to be right to others and to appropriately catch the criminal in the act. Though Holmes has already solved the case, he allows the events to play out and steps in at just the right moment.

Holmes tells Sir Henry that he ought to go about his business as usual, expecting that this will draw out the spectral hound and whoever is in charge of it. After a visit at the Stapleton house, Sir Henry is walking home alone in the dark. Holmes, Watson, and their fellow Inspector Lestrade are hiding on the moor to watch over Sir Henry when suddenly-- there it is! A great, glowing, apparently spectral dog runs up and attacks Henry but is shot dead by Holmes. When they investigate the dog's body, they find that it is simply Stapleton's very large dog covered with phosphorous powder. As it turns out, Stapleton was an estranged cousin of Sir Henry and was trying to frighten (or flat-out kill) all of those in line ahead of him to inherit the estate. Holmes had figured this out long prior but it was necessary to let events play out and catch Stapleton red-handed.

What are the key features of Henkel’s organizational culture? Does this company’s culture support good strategy execution?

According to the organization's page, the culture at Henkel's is based on the motto

"Excellence is Our Passion".

Essentially, what Henkel is expressing with this motto is that they want to do their best to be the best at everything that they do. They apply this motto to the production process and to the final product outcome. This is what makes Henkel's different, if we were to compare this particular motto to other corporations, which...

According to the organization's page, the culture at Henkel's is based on the motto

"Excellence is Our Passion".

Essentially, what Henkel is expressing with this motto is that they want to do their best to be the best at everything that they do. They apply this motto to the production process and to the final product outcome. This is what makes Henkel's different, if we were to compare this particular motto to other corporations, which focus on the end product. 

The reality is that, if you do not focus on processes, there is no way to ascertain any predictability in quality for any end product. Process is everything. The process is a source of continuous analysis and should always be questioned, studied, and improved. Therefore, the culture and Henkel's both supports and appreciates processes. 

Another aspect of Henkel's culture is the importance of a competitive environment. 

 Our employees will always put their passion, pride and enthusiasm into making this happen. Conveying this attitude to our internal and external audiences is the task of our claim.

This is a very important point. In a highly-politicized society where there is high criticism about rewarding everyone the same, regardless of their contributions, Henkel's gives a huge reality check to employees, telling them how important it is that they make Henkel's into a sought-after brand that can be a high contender to other brands. This is fair game. It is also transparent. Every organization wants to be the best. There is no point hiding that corporate America, and corporations all over the world, are all about the competition. 

Our corporate culture and our vision, mission and values unite our diverse workforce and provide standards for how we conduct our business. Globally binding behavioral rules are specified in a series of codes. They provide guidance for the behavior and actions of our employees in all business areas and cultures in which we operate.

Finally, Henkel openly declares that the cultural expectations abide by every standard of ethical behavior and by best business practices. This is also an essential part of an effective culture, because it is a declaration that personal and corporate behavior will be ethical and that everyone will be respected and treated without bias. 

Therefore, the culture at Henkel's is one where the employees know that they will be competing to be the best, and that they have to put in as much as they expect to get. The company places equal importance on the process as well as the end product. The company abides by ethical standards of employment, and the culture is open and transparent. It is no doubt that Henkels is doing a great job and looking sincere, relevant and essential to the entire community. 

How are Stella, Stanley, Blanche, Eunice, and Steve interrelated in A Streetcar Named Desire?

Stella and Stanley are married. Eunice and Steve are married. This makes Blanche seem all the more the solitary and needy outsider. Eunice and Steve are friends and neighbors of Stella and Stanley. There are only two flats in this small building, upstairs and down. Eunice and Steve live upstairs. They are lower-class types like Stanley. All three of these characters are vulgar but honest and strong. Stanley and Steve are poker-playing and drinking buddies....

Stella and Stanley are married. Eunice and Steve are married. This makes Blanche seem all the more the solitary and needy outsider. Eunice and Steve are friends and neighbors of Stella and Stanley. There are only two flats in this small building, upstairs and down. Eunice and Steve live upstairs. They are lower-class types like Stanley. All three of these characters are vulgar but honest and strong. Stanley and Steve are poker-playing and drinking buddies. Stella and Eunice are girlfriends who share their troubles with each other. Stella, like Blanche, comes from the upper-class Southern world represented by their family plantation Belle Reve, which has gone steadily downhill since the Civil War and has now been lost by Blanche because of an accumulation of debts and judgments. Unlike Blanche, Stella has accepted her descent into the vast expanse and depth of the lower class because of her love for Stanley and more recently because of the fact that she is pregnant. Blanche is horrified by the change in her sister and in her sister's living conditions; and she tries to turn Stella against Stanley. This is what creates the central conflict between the two very different characters--the tough, vulgar, animal-like Stanley Kowalski and the refined and aristocratic, although tarnished, Blanche DuBois. In the end Blanche loses the contest, as was bound to happen from the beginning. She is overwhelmed by the brutality of her antagonist.

Tennessee Williams' play was first produced in New York on December 3, 1947. Marlon Brando was cast as Stanley Kowalski, and he created a sensation in the role. He went on to become one of Hollywood's biggest stars. Karl Malden, who played Mitch, went on to have a highly successful film career and later in television. Both Marlon Brando and Karl Malden appeared in their original stage roles in the Hollywood adaptation of the play in 1951. 

Which planet had the first moon?

Most of what we have available on the subject of the first moon in our solar system relates to the timeline of the formation of the first planet.  The idea is that the first moons were the ones around the first planets.  The first planets to form in our solar system were the Gas Giants.  They formed even before the Sun began nuclear reactions at 50 million years after the beginning of the 0.0-year Pre-solar Nebula...

Most of what we have available on the subject of the first moon in our solar system relates to the timeline of the formation of the first planet.  The idea is that the first moons were the ones around the first planets.  The first planets to form in our solar system were the Gas Giants.  They formed even before the Sun began nuclear reactions at 50 million years after the beginning of the 0.0-year Pre-solar Nebula Era, according to NASA's Goddard Space and Flight Center.  At about 10 million years after 0.0-year, the gas planets Jupiter, then Saturn formed during the Gas Giant Era. Jupiter and Saturn both have multiple moons (with Saturn perhaps in the process of birthing a new moon).  Jupiter has no lack of moons, both large and small, with 14 large ones alone. Two of the most important of Jupiter's moons are Europa and Ganymede, both about 4.5 billion years old, which is about the same age as Jupiter itself. Saturn has an abundance of moons as well, with 53 that are classed as "official" and 9 that are classed as "provisional."  If it is correct to theorize that the first moon (or simultaneously appearing moons) appeared with the first planet, then it can be said that the first moon or moons appeared around Jupiter because this gas giant, Jupiter, was the first to form in our young solar system.

Of incidental interest is that in 2012 a new planet was discovered in a solar system some 375 light years from the Earth.  HIP 11952b and HIP 11952c are two dual planets that have been established at around 12 billion years old.  There position, of course, exceeds the galactic limits of our solar system, but this dual planet system is older than Earth by about 8 billion years, our solar system being around 4.6 billion years old.  It is thought that these two planets came into existence about a billion years after the Big Bang.  If these extra-solar system planets have moons, then their moons could have been the earliest moons in our locale.

`y = tan(x), y = 0, x = pi/4` (a) Set up an integral for the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curve about...

Let's use the method of cylindrical shells.

The parameter for a cylinder will be `x` from `x=0` to `x=pi/4.`

The radius of a cylinder (the distance to the axis) is `pi/2-x,` the height is `tan(x).`

The volume is `2pi int_0^(pi/4) (pi/2-x)tanx dx.`

I believe "calculator" means "computer algebra system here". WolframAlpha says the answer is 2.25323.

Let's use the method of cylindrical shells.

The parameter for a cylinder will be `x` from `x=0` to `x=pi/4.`

The radius of a cylinder (the distance to the axis) is `pi/2-x,` the height is `tan(x).`

The volume is `2pi int_0^(pi/4) (pi/2-x)tanx dx.`

I believe "calculator" means "computer algebra system here". WolframAlpha says the answer is 2.25323.

Why did the United States fail to support the League of Nations?

The United States failed to support the League of Nations. There are a few reasons for this. The League of Nations was part of the Versailles Treaty ending World War I. It was supposed to be an organization where countries could bring their problems to discuss and hopefully work out a peaceful settlement instead of fighting over them.

There were a group of senators who were not in favor of us joining the League of...

The United States failed to support the League of Nations. There are a few reasons for this. The League of Nations was part of the Versailles Treaty ending World War I. It was supposed to be an organization where countries could bring their problems to discuss and hopefully work out a peaceful settlement instead of fighting over them.

There were a group of senators who were not in favor of us joining the League of Nations. They were concerned that the charter of the League of Nations would force us to get involved in foreign policy situations that either weren’t in our best interests or weren’t something that was important to us. Article X of the charter of the League of Nations required member nations to support actions recommended by the League. These senators wanted a list of amendments made to not require the United States to join in actions recommended by the League of Nations.

President Wilson was unwilling to compromise on this issue. He wanted the United States to ratify the Versailles Treaty and to accept the charter of the League of Nations as it was written. Instead of compromising, he urged Democratic senators to vote against the Versailles Treaty, ending our chances of joining the League of Nations.

Please explain the beliefs of both the New Classical Theory and Milton Friedmans Natural Rate Hypothesis.

Milton Friedman’s Natural Rate theory was developed in response to the Phillips curve. The Phillips curve established a relationship between inflation and the rate of unemployment. The theory suggested that a rise in price inflation that is yet to be perceived by the employer would lead to an increase in the rate of employment. This is because the employer would view the increase in prices as an increase in demand, which would force the employer...

Milton Friedman’s Natural Rate theory was developed in response to the Phillips curve. The Phillips curve established a relationship between inflation and the rate of unemployment. The theory suggested that a rise in price inflation that is yet to be perceived by the employer would lead to an increase in the rate of employment. This is because the employer would view the increase in prices as an increase in demand, which would force the employer to procure more human resources to increase production. The curve also suggests that an increase in wages due to inflation would lead to an increase of labor supply especially when the workers do not anticipate the inflation.

The theory thus determined that monetary policies would generally control the rate of unemployment. However Friedman challenged the theory by suggesting a natural rate of unemployment that would result regardless of changes in the monetary policies. Friedman suggested that the Phillips curve only worked in the short run when the employer and worker did not perceive the inflation. He stated that in the event the employer and worker perceived the inflation, the unemployment rate would be automatically adjusted to the “natural rate”. According to Friedman, this suggests that inflation has no real impact on unemployment.

New classical theory suggests a return to market liberalization and limited interference by the government. In regards to labor markets, the new classical theory supports the establishment of free labor and product markets, where the wages and prices for commodities are set by market forces of demand and supply and not government monetary policies. This in turn supports the theory by Friedman, which states that inflation is not a reliable monetary tool in determining the rate of unemployment within an economy. Nonetheless, one of the three New classical theory approaches to emerge suggests that, while markets are able to generate economic stability between unemployment, inflation and market productivity, government should use microeconomic policy to adjust for imperfections in markets such as markets that fail to emerge or markets that are affected by imperfect knowledge.

What is the long retelling of a story called? (Not a summary—something with more detail.)

There are two definitions that answer your question.  The term abridgment refers to a book or other piece that has been condensed to a shorter form.  The main ideas of the story are contained in an abridgment, but the writing is more concise.  For example, the original book might say "Hannah jogged from the north end of the park to the south end while the chilly Autumn air brushed against her cheeks and the red...

There are two definitions that answer your question.  The term abridgment refers to a book or other piece that has been condensed to a shorter form.  The main ideas of the story are contained in an abridgment, but the writing is more concise.  For example, the original book might say "Hannah jogged from the north end of the park to the south end while the chilly Autumn air brushed against her cheeks and the red leaves crunched beneath her shoes."  In an abridged version of the book, that extended and detailed sentence would be shortened.  It might change to "Hannah jogged through the park on a chilly Autumn day."  This still gets the point across that the character jogged through the park, as well as what time of year it was and what the weather was like.  Extra pieces of information, such as the direction she jogged and how the leaves crunched under her shoes, are excluded because they are unnecessary details to the main plot of the story.  Another example of an abridgment is when a long piece of classic literature is shortened and the language is simplified.  Little Women, for example, is a book that is usually about 500 pages long.  There are several abridged versions for children that are condensed down to approximately 200 pages.  All of the main plot elements are in these abridged versions of Little Women, but the text is more concise.

Another type of long retelling of a story is a chapter-by-chapter summary.  In this type of retelling, each chapter of the book is summarized.  Rather than a basic synopsis, a chapter-by-chapter summary contains all or most of the important plot information and supporting details.  The length of this type of summary depends on how long the book is and how much information is contained in each chapter.

Carla is a divorced middle-age woman who lives in Florida, far from her only living parent and her only sibling and his children, who live in...

In all of my years of experience in teaching, I have rarely seen an adolescent want to move to a different location. Adolescents want familiarity and routine. Moving to a different region of the country would disrupt both familiarity and routine for this child. Kids are afraid of the unknown. This adolescent would be concerned about making new friends, fitting into a new school, learning different subjects, and possibly adapting to a different lifestyle. This...

In all of my years of experience in teaching, I have rarely seen an adolescent want to move to a different location. Adolescents want familiarity and routine. Moving to a different region of the country would disrupt both familiarity and routine for this child. Kids are afraid of the unknown. This adolescent would be concerned about making new friends, fitting into a new school, learning different subjects, and possibly adapting to a different lifestyle. This adolescent, if given a choice, would more likely than not vote to stay where he or she is currently living.

An emerging adult would probably see the situation differently. The emerging adult would likely have gone through several changes in life and, therefore, would have more confidence in making another change. This emerging adult would have experienced change going from elementary school to middle school, from middle school to high school, from high school to college or the workforce, and from having held different jobs or other positions that would have changed throughout the years. Having gone through these changes would give the emerging adult a greater sense of confidence that he or she could handle this potential change. Additionally, the emerging adult would have a greater understanding of the need to be near family and the importance of getting to know his or her relatives better. The emerging adult would be more likely to vote to move to this new location.

In Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, what details about the town, its history, and its inhabitants make the place feel real?

Harper Lee describes Maycomb and its intricacies in To Kill a Mockingbird.  She tells the story of Maycomb and the people who live there through the young narrator, Scout.  These details show Maycomb as a town like many other real places in the Southeastern United States in the 1930s.  Scout describes the town in the way she observes it:

Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first...

Harper Lee describes Maycomb and its intricacies in To Kill a Mockingbird.  She tells the story of Maycomb and the people who live there through the young narrator, Scout.  These details show Maycomb as a town like many other real places in the Southeastern United States in the 1930s.  Scout describes the town in the way she observes it:

Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it.  In rainy weather the streets turned to red slop; grass grew on the sidewalks, the courthouse sagged in the square.  Somehow, it was hotter then: a black dog suffered on a summer's day; bony mules hitched to Hoover carts flicked flies in the sweltering shade of the live oaks on the square.  Men's stiff collars wilted by nine in the morning. Ladies bathed before noon, after their three-o'clock naps, and by nightfall were like soft teacakes with frostings of sweat and sweet talcum. (Chapter 1)

The town of Maycomb predated the Civil War.  It was the county seat of the county it shared a name with.  Maycomb had a grassy square, a courthouse, shops, and restaurants.  It was home to many people who had lived there or nearby for generations.  There was also a newspaper, The Maycomb Tribune.

These descriptions of Maycomb could also be said of many small towns in Alabama.  There were many historic small towns with longtime citizens, muddy streets, and squares with stately old buildings in the 1930s.  Alabama is full of towns that were established before the Civil War.  In the summertime, a seemingly endless heat spreads over Alabama.  In the 1930s, there was no air conditioning, so people were not able to escape the heat as easily as they do in modern times.  The descriptions of men with wilting collars and women taking baths and naps in the heat show images of people dealing with heat.

From Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist, what is the law of hospitality in the oasis?

The oasis that the caravan visits in The Alchemist certainly abides by the law of hospitality--or as some call it, the guest-host relationship. Guests are expected to obey the rules and regulations of their hosts; and in return, the host will take care of the needs and comforts of the guests. More particularly, this means that the host will provide food, clothing, and shelter, along with all of the amenities they have at their disposal,...

The oasis that the caravan visits in The Alchemist certainly abides by the law of hospitality--or as some call it, the guest-host relationship. Guests are expected to obey the rules and regulations of their hosts; and in return, the host will take care of the needs and comforts of the guests. More particularly, this means that the host will provide food, clothing, and shelter, along with all of the amenities they have at their disposal, without asking for money. However, the guest must do whatever is asked of them by their host.

Specific rules of this oasis are explained as follows:

"The group was to remain there at the oasis until the conflict between the tribes was over. Since they were visitors, they would have to share living space with those who lived there, and would be given the best accommodations. This was the law of hospitality. Then he asked that everyone, including his own sentinels, hand over their arms to the men appointed by the tribal chieftains"(88).

In this situation, the culture in the oasis is unique because the people are mostly women and children. The tribesmen obeyed the rules of war and left the oasis alone so women and children were kept safe and it could be left as a neutral area.

What are some character traits of Junior in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian?

In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian, the narrator and protagonist Junior is a 14-year-old boy living on the Spokane Indian Reservation.  He is a smart kid who loves school, and as the novel progresses, readers learn that he sees his education as a means of opportunity to get a better life for himself.  He is determined to succeed, so he decides to go off the reservation to a white school called...

In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian, the narrator and protagonist Junior is a 14-year-old boy living on the Spokane Indian Reservation.  He is a smart kid who loves school, and as the novel progresses, readers learn that he sees his education as a means of opportunity to get a better life for himself.  He is determined to succeed, so he decides to go off the reservation to a white school called Reardan to get a better education.  Junior's decision shows his bravery:  at home on the rez, he faces other Indians who feel that he has betrayed them by going to a white school, and at Reardan, Junior faces discrimination and taunting from white students.  Junior gets support from his parents, and this trait has trickled down to Junior as well--he is supportive of his family and his best friend Rowdy.  Later, Junior meets friends at Reardan like Penelope, and he is supportive of her efforts to beat her problem with bulimia.  So, these are some of Junior's character traits.

I need helping writing an essay on Leo Tolstoy's "How Much Land Does a Man Need?"

Tolstoy's short story "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" is a cautionary tale focusing on greed and the cost of wasting time chasing more instead of enjoying what we have now.

There are several ways to address the work in an essay.  Most essays focusing on other written works are critical essays briefly summarizing the content and commenting on the piece.  To begin, you will need to determine a thesis.  The simplest thesis statement is a comment on the intention of the work.  The goal throughout the essay is to defend your position.

The opening of the work sets the scene for the entire story.  The Devil tempts Pakhom through the introduction of embellishments about available land.  The scene comments on unseen forces eager to woo unsuspecting or foolish people into believing wild tales of a better life somewhere else.

As the story progresses, Pakhom is overcome with envy as those around him are buying land.  He buys land and it seems as if he is to be content.  However, he becomes angry when his land is violated by his neighbors and files grievances against them.  Tolstoy may have been commenting on the lack of compassion by landowners.  Again, envy comes to play when a traveling peasant brings news of a wide open space where Pakhom could own much land.

Eventually, Pakhom made his way to an area controlled by the Bashkirs who promised him as much land as he could cover by walking in one day.  The deal sounded too good to be true, another commentary on foolish investments by Tolstoy.  Pakhom walks the land and realizes too late he will not return in time to seal the deal.  Rather than cut his losses, he exerts himself until he falls and dies at the finish line.  He is buried by his slave and Tolstoy closes out the story with the explanation that all the land Pakhom needed was six feet from head to toe.

Throughout the work, Tolstoy is giving clues and commentary on the reaction to envy, greed and failure.  As you go through the story, summarize a few paragraphs and comment on how Tolstoy used the plot to further his intention of commenting on greed.

I've included a rough sketch of how to set up your essay and how much of the page you should use to address each area.

Essay Plan
Page One:  1/3 Introduction (Include thesis statement); 1/3 Summarize Chapters 1 & 2; 1/3 Comment on how the plot moves (envy, greed, etc.)
Page Two: 2/3 Summarize Chapters 3 -5; 1/3 Comment on the plot
Page Three: 2/3 Summarize Chapters 6-8
1/3 Comment on the plot
Page Four: 1/3 Summarize Chapter 9; 1/3 Comment on plot; 1/3 Closing remarks (how relevant is the story? how did it make you feel? did you enjoy it?)

In Chapter 11 of Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States, who were some of the reform minded authors who protested?

In Chapter 11 of A People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn is discussing the late 1800s.  As this is the time just before the Progressive Era, he does not discuss the muckrakers, who are the best-known reform-minded authors in American history.  Instead, Zinn briefly discusses two authors who wrote important books that were critical of America’s economic and political system of the time.

The first of these authors is Henry George who,...

In Chapter 11 of A People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn is discussing the late 1800s.  As this is the time just before the Progressive Era, he does not discuss the muckrakers, who are the best-known reform-minded authors in American history.  Instead, Zinn briefly discusses two authors who wrote important books that were critical of America’s economic and political system of the time.

The first of these authors is Henry George who, in 1879, wrote the book Progress and Poverty.  In this book, George criticized the concentration of wealth in the US.  He argued that land was the source of all wealth and of inequality.  Therefore, he proposed a single tax on land.  This would fund government programs to reduce inequality and would also encourage large landowners to sell some of their land, thus reducing inequality further.

The second author is Edward Bellamy who wrote Looking Backward in 1888.  That book looked back at its own time through the eyes of a man who fell asleep and awakened in the year 2000.  Bellamy emphasizes that the US is a socialist society by 2000 and describes all the ways in which this system is superior to what actually existed in the country at the time in which he wrote.

These two men are the reform-minded authors who are discussed at greatest length in this chapter.

`sin(60) cos(15) + cos(60)sin(15)` Write the expression as a sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle.

You need to recognize the formula `sin(a+b) = sin a*cos b + sin b*cos a` . You need to put `a = 60^o` and `b = 15^o` , such that:

`sin(60^o + 15^o) = sin 60^o *cos 15^o + sin 15^o*cos 60^o `

`sin 75^o = sin 60^o *cos 15^o + sin 15^o*cos 60^o `

Hence, the given expression could be evaluated as the sine of the sum of angles `60^o ` and `15^o` ,...

You need to recognize the formula `sin(a+b) = sin a*cos b + sin b*cos a` . You need to put `a = 60^o` and `b = 15^o` , such that:

`sin(60^o + 15^o) = sin 60^o *cos 15^o + sin 15^o*cos 60^o `

`sin 75^o = sin 60^o *cos 15^o + sin 15^o*cos 60^o `

Hence, the given expression could be evaluated as the sine of the sum of angles `60^o ` and `15^o` , such that `sin 60^o *cos 15^o + sin 15^o*cos 60^o = sin 75^o .`

How did England get China to trade with them?

England’s first attempt at trading with China failed miserably when Captain Weddell met resistance from the locals. England sought to engage China through the East India Company, but due to Chinese restrictions the initial contact did not materialize. After failing to directly enter the market in China, England made a successful move to Taiwan in 1672. From Taiwan the English East India Company was able to trade directly with the Chinese.

The English traders were...

England’s first attempt at trading with China failed miserably when Captain Weddell met resistance from the locals. England sought to engage China through the East India Company, but due to Chinese restrictions the initial contact did not materialize. After failing to directly enter the market in China, England made a successful move to Taiwan in 1672. From Taiwan the English East India Company was able to trade directly with the Chinese.

The English traders were allowed to reach Canton, Chusan and Amoy however trade was restricted to dealing with the Hongs, a special class of Chinese merchants charged with the responsibility of trading with the English. Dealing with the Hongs was problematic because of the tax burden shifted wholesomely to the foreign merchants. This made trading in China very expensive for the English who sought alternative channels through negotiations with the Chinese Imperial Court.

The English sent a number of envoys to secure better trading terms and lift some of the restrictions. However, these overtures failed at convincing the Emperor and his advisers. The English first sent Lord George Macartney in 1793 followed by Lord Amherst in 1816. Throughout this period the East India Company held the monopoly with regards to English-Chinese trade. In 1833, China abolished the monopoly by the East India Company and opened up trade for private English traders, who mostly traded in opium. The Chinese administration recognized the detrimental effects of opium and this forced them to confiscate the drug. This offended the English administration leading up to the first opium war. This resulted in a treaty that opened up five Chinese ports to unconditional foreign trade in 1842.

What were the main features or objectives of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?

Wilson's Fourteen Points were announced in a speech to Congress at the beginning of 1918. They were intended to be a sort of statement of principles upon which any lasting peace with the Central Powers would be based. Their main features are as follows:

• A declared end to secret alliances and treaty agreements


• Freedom of the seas and of trade for all nations


• A reduction in armaments and military force


• Settlement of colonial claims among European nations (but not independence for colonial peoples)


• Borders of European nations should be redrawn to reflect ethnic and political realities rather than imperial influence


• The nations of Poland and Belgium should be free and independent


• A "general association of nations" should be formed to help maintain peace and cooperation after the war

Many of these features were written into the Treaty of Versailles negotiated after the war in 1919. But the general spirit of the Fourteen Points, which were intended to foster a spirit of forgiveness, openness, and cooperation among the nations of Europe, was not reflected in the Treaty. The United States Senate ultimately refused to ratify the Treaty because of concerns that the League of Nations violated American sovereignty. The peace that the Fourteen Points were intended to bring about lasted less than two decades.

What is his conflict about?

Tom Benecke is all alone throughout most of the story. He sends his wife off to the movies so that he can work on a business report. Since he is all alone, his conflict is mainly an internal one, of the kind often categorized as "man against himself." He is torn between his desire to retrieve the paper that blows out the window and his fear of heights. He decides that getting the paper should be easy if only he doesn't look down. There is a streak of perversity in all of us. Tom knows he shouldn't look down, but he is tempted to do so just because he knows he shouldn't. Most people have had the experience of being on a very high place and feeling the temptation to jump. Maybe it's a death wish. Heights can be terrifying, but they can also be exhilarating. That may explain why so many people go in for rock climbing, mountain climbing, parachute jumping, bungee jumping, and other such dangerous sports. That may also explain why Jack Finney's story is still being read after so many years. We as readers share Tom's fear, but we are also vicariously enjoying the whole adventure. 

The story is told from Tom's point of view--but it is told in the third person by an anonymous narrator. The advantage of this form of story-telling is that we readers can share in Tom's emotions, but if he falls to his death on the pavement eleven floors below, we can remind ourselves that it's him, not us. The title of the story seems to imply that Tom is as good as dead when he decides to climb out on that ledge. We keep expecting him to fall and to have someone going through his pockets down below to find out who he is and perhaps determine whether it was suicide or an accident. The yellow sheet in his pocket won't help much because it is all written in his own private shorthand.

Tom succeeds in resisting the temptation to look down until he gets to the spot where his paper has become stuck. Then when he reaches down very awkwardly to get the tips of his fingers on the paper, he momentarily forgets about his determination to resist looking down. What follows is the best piece of writing in the whole story.

He saw, in that instant, the Loew’s theater sign, blocks ahead past Fiftieth Street; the miles of traffic signals, all green now; the lights of cars and street lamps; countless neon signs; and the moving black dots of people. And a violent instantaneous explosion of absolute terror roared through him.

After he has seen that sight he is nearly petrified. Eventually he forces himself to start creeping back towards his window. He never looks down again, but the spectacle he saw is imprinted in his mind, as if he were a camera and only needed a fraction of a second to snap a picture. The reader, of course, has seen the same picture and can understand how it would make it harder than ever for Tom to stay on that ledge clinging to edges of the bricks.

The internal conflict in “The Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket” is far more important than the external conflict, which involves retrieving the yellow sheet of paper and getting back into his apartment though a window which refuses to open. Tom is not trying to conquer Mount Everest but only to conquer himself.

How do we perceive differences in color?

The physics answer is that color is only dependent on wavelength frequency. There's a difference between the scientific use of the word 'color'--which could mean one or a range of wavelength frequencies--and that used in every day life. For instance, the sky is 'blue', but a 'blue' filter for a telescope has a specific frequency, which is standardised across the discipline.

The human eye combines hue, saturation, and brightness in order to perceive color.

The...

The physics answer is that color is only dependent on wavelength frequency. There's a difference between the scientific use of the word 'color'--which could mean one or a range of wavelength frequencies--and that used in every day life. For instance, the sky is 'blue', but a 'blue' filter for a telescope has a specific frequency, which is standardised across the discipline.

The human eye combines hue, saturation, and brightness in order to perceive color.

The time of day/night that you are seeing in also changes your perception of color. The rods and cones that make up our visual sensors are sensitive to different amounts and different colors of light. Chances are your cones will work slightly differently compared to someone else's, which will cause changes in the perception of color.

A few years ago, an online, science themed, web-comic did a color-name survey. This is a very interesting way to test individuals' perceptions of color. The results are visualised courtesy of Luminoso.com.

There are many interesting results from that survey. It was shown that what media you are watching (and how that changes the color), and what gender you are will change the way you perceive (or at least, name) colors.

Why does Elizabeth marry Darcy in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice?

By the end of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth decides to marry Darcy because she has come to realize what a genuinely caring, selfless, goodhearted man Darcy truly is and that she had severely, prejudicedly misjudged him.Elizabeth first begins to realize how severely she had misjudged Darcyafter reading his letter to her. In his letter, he justifies his opinion that the Bennet family is beneath him by reminding her of all...

By the end of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth decides to marry Darcy because she has come to realize what a genuinely caring, selfless, goodhearted man Darcy truly is and that she had severely, prejudicedly misjudged him.

Elizabeth first begins to realize how severely she had misjudged Darcy after reading his letter to her. In his letter, he justifies his opinion that the Bennet family is beneath him by reminding her of all the ways the Bennet family members have acted with impropriety, especially Elizabeth's flirtatious younger sisters, her gossiping mother, and her father for failing to control his own family. More importantly, he corrects her judgement of him by giving his own account of why relations between himself and Wickham have grown cold. His own account is that Wickham refused to take the living the late Mr. Darcy left him, asked Darcy for £300 with the professed purpose of studying law instead, lived recklessly, and attempted to elope with Darcy's 15-year-old sister to try and gain her fortune. The information in Darcy's letter rocks Elizabeth to her core. She feels "absolutely ashamed of herself" for having so severely misjudged both Darcy and Wickham (Ch. 36). She is shocked to realize that, after having taken pride in her own "discernment," she could have been so "blind, partial, prejudiced, and absurd" (Ch. 36).

Elizabeth further realizes just how much she had severely misjudged Darcy when she visits the Pemberley estate while traveling with her Aunt and Uncle Gardiner. While being given a tour of the manor by the housekeeper, Elizabeth is amazed to hear Darcy being so highly praised by his servants. Yet, the most influential moment is when she learns from Lydia's gossip, as well as from her Aunt Gardiner's letter, that Darcy had bribed Wickham into marrying Lydia, thereby saving Lydia's reputation, as well as the reputation of the entire Bennet family. Elizabeth felt that Darcy's only motive for having done so was because he felt personally responsible for Lydia's situation since he could have publicly exposed the nature of Wickham's character but had failed to do so out of pride. Darcy's behavior was enough to tell her what a genuinely goodhearted person he truly is. Hence, by the time Elizabeth's father protests against Elizabeth accepting Darcy's proposal in Chapter 59, Elizabeth is able to reply, "I love him. Indeed he has no improper pride. He is perfectly amiable. You do not know what he really is," showing us just how greately her opinion of Darcy had changed throughout the novel (Ch. 59).