How does Montresor persuade Fortunato to come to his house?

Montresor takes a long time to fashion an elaborate lie that will entice Fortunato into the catacombs beneath his palazzo, where he can murder him. In the first paragraph, Montresor says

At length I would be avenged; this was a point definitely, settled—but the very definitiveness with which it was resolved precluded the idea of risk.

He wants his plan to be foolproof. When he encounters Fortunato celebrating on the streets during the carnival season, Montresor tells him his finely honed falsehood.

I said to him—“My dear Fortunato, you are luckily met. How remarkably well you are looking to-day. But I have received a pipe of what passes for Amontillado, and I have my doubts.”

“How?” said he. “Amontillado, A pipe? Impossible! And in the middle of the carnival!”

“I have my doubts,” I replied; “and I was silly enough to pay the full Amontillado price without consulting you in the matter. You were not to be found, and I was fearful of losing a bargain.....As you are engaged, I am on my way to Luchesi. If any one has a critical turn it is he. He will tell me—”

A pipe contains 126 gallons. Neither of these men would want the equivalent of 500 quart bottles of Amontillado sherry for personal consumption. They are not even sherry drinkers. The word "bargain" is what captures Fortunato's interest. He knows Montresor only bought the wine for resale. Many first-time readers of the story assume Fortunato wants to taste the delicious wine and show off his connoisseurship. This is not at all true. He is interested in the "bargain." He is a rich man. He could buy up the whole cargo of big oak barrels of fine Spanish sherry and make a small fortune. The wine only improves with age, so he could take his time about bottling and selling it by the case, probably to those British and Austrian millionaires Montresor mentions in his introduction. 

Fortunato doesn't need to taste Montresor's wine at all. He could go to the harbor and find a newly arrived Spanish ship with ease. There would be a whole shipload of Amontillado to sample, and he could make the deal on board. But Montresor has foreseen that possibility. He inserts the name Luchesi so that, if Fortunato declined to come to his palazzo immediately, Montresor could continue on his way on the pretext of consulting another connoisseur, and possible buyer, about his Amontillado. Fortunato can't let that happen. He must accompany Montresor to his home to keep him from talking to Luchesi. Otherwise, Fortunato would be competing with Luchesi in buying up the imaginary cargo of imaginary wine.

It was essential for Montresor to get Fortunato to his palazzo right away. Otherwise, if there was any delay at all, Fortunato could find out there was no Spanish ship, no Amontillado. Montresor would not only lose the chance to kill Fortunato, but he would arouse his suspicions. That would make it infinitely harder to entrap him at some time in the future. Montresor does not actually say that he has bought a pipe of Amontillado from a Spanish ship. He says:

"But I have received a pipe of what passes for Amontillado, and I have my doubts.”

The cunning Montresor has left himself a loophole. If necessary, he could make up some barely plausible lie, such as that he bought the pipe from a Venetian who had had it in his cellar for some time. But he doesn't have to do that. Fortunato imagines a Spanish ship full of big barrels of gourmet sherry which he can buy at a bargain price and sell at a great profit. He does not question Montresor any further because he does not want his gullible, trusting friend to suspect that he would be interested in buying any of the wine himself. He can go to Montresor's palazzo, taste the wine, make sure it is genuine, then get away and find this Spanish ship. No doubt he already plans to tell Montresor the wine is only ordinary sherry, just to eliminate him as a buyer. Montresor could only be so anxious to get an expert to sample his wine that night  if he intended to buy more while it was still being offered as a bargain. If it really is just ordinary sherry, Fortunato can forget about it. If it is genuine, he can buy up the whole cargo.

Montresor knows Fortunato thoroughly. He has had plenty of experience with this man. He knows what his shrewd, unscrupulous friendly enemy is thinking and planning. Fortunato has swallowed the whole cunning lie hook, line and sinker. He wants to rush to Montresor's palazzo as quickly as they can get there.

“Let us go, nevertheless. The cold is merely nothing. Amontillado! You have been imposed upon. And as for Luchesi, he cannot distinguish Sherry from Amontillado.”

Thus speaking, Fortunato possessed himself of my arm; and putting on a mask of black silk and drawing a roquelaire closely about my person, I suffered him to hurry me to my palazzo.

In chapter 11 of Lyddie, what are some of the reasons that Lyddie should or shouldn't attend the mass meeting?

Even though Diana is going on vacation during the month of July, she still recommends to Lyddie that she attend the mass meeting of the ten-hour movement. Diana is a representative of the Female Labor Reform Association, which has been gathering signatures on a petition that would require the textile factories to reduce their workdays from thirteen to ten hours per day. The reasons for Lyddie to attend the meeting are to please her friend...

Even though Diana is going on vacation during the month of July, she still recommends to Lyddie that she attend the mass meeting of the ten-hour movement. Diana is a representative of the Female Labor Reform Association, which has been gathering signatures on a petition that would require the textile factories to reduce their workdays from thirteen to ten hours per day. The reasons for Lyddie to attend the meeting are to please her friend Diana, who has been so helpful to her; to hear famous people, like Sarah Bagley, speak on women's and worker's rights; to lend her support to the movement for better working conditions for the factory girls; and to have fun. Diana explains that the mass meeting will include a picnic and Independence Day festivities. She also assures Lyddie that no one will make her sign the petition. 

Lyddie tells Diana she will be too busy to go. That is partially true, but partially an excuse. Lyddie keeps herself very busy during the month of July teaching herself to read more fluently. She purchases her own copy of Oliver Twist and spends almost every free moment reading the book she loves so much. But Lyddie avoids the meeting because she is not in favor of reducing the work hours at the factory. She knows if that should happen, she wouldn't be able to make as much money as she could make working thirteen hours per day, and that would mean it would take longer to save enough money to reunite her family on their farm. Additionally, she doesn't want to be known as a sympathizer with the labor movement because she fears losing her job at Concord Corporation and being blacklisted as her roommates have warned her could happen.

So while there are many good reasons to attend the meeting, Lyddie decides not to go.

In Bud, Not Buddy, what are the most important rules that help Bud survive?

Bud has an entire book of rules and thoughts that he lives by. These rules are inserted throughout the story. One of the first things we learn about Bud is that his mother had a huge influence on how he thinks, even though Bud was only six when she died.

One of the things his mother repeated to him often was:

"When one door closes, another door opens."

This definitely helped Bud to survive...

Bud has an entire book of rules and thoughts that he lives by. These rules are inserted throughout the story. One of the first things we learn about Bud is that his mother had a huge influence on how he thinks, even though Bud was only six when she died.

One of the things his mother repeated to him often was:

"When one door closes, another door opens."

This definitely helped Bud to survive psychologically and physically. Most adults would have given up if facing the same elements Bud did. However, each time Bud had to face a new obstacle, he would remember his mother's wisdom and go in search of another open door.

Some of Bud's own rules that help him to survive include:

"Rule 39 - The older you get, the worse something has to be to make you cry."

This helps Bud to understand how his grandfather truly feels when the truth comes out and he realizes that Bud really is his grandson. He hears his grandfather cry for the first time and realizes that he has a heart behind that mean exterior.

"Rule 29 - When you wake up and don't know for sure where you are at and there's a bunch of people standing around you, it's best to pretend you're still asleep until you can figure out what's going on."

This is how Bud survives the uncertainties of his daily life. At times, because of his constantly changing situation, Bud is not sure where he is when he wakes up. Several times during the story, Bud listens carefully to his surroundings and the people talking around him before acting.

Most students commonly believe that the Revolutionary War was a short and relatively painless war. However, for Americans, only the Vietnam War...

To answer your question, I will explain why the war was a long and painful one. I will also include the costs both sides experienced as a result of the Revolutionary War. Based on these ideas, you should be able to create the essay you are required to do.

In order to understand why the war lasted so long, it is necessary to look at what each side wanted to accomplish, and how it planned...

To answer your question, I will explain why the war was a long and painful one. I will also include the costs both sides experienced as a result of the Revolutionary War. Based on these ideas, you should be able to create the essay you are required to do.

In order to understand why the war lasted so long, it is necessary to look at what each side wanted to accomplish, and how it planned to do these things. In the beginning of the war, the British wanted to isolate New England from the rest of the colonies. They believed doing this would cause the conflict to end very quickly. However, because one general didn’t follow the plan, one British army got defeated, and one general moved very slowly, the large British force that was supposed to arrive in Albany, New York never arrived there. Only one of the three armies made it to Albany. As a result, the British lost this battle. This opened the door to the colonists receiving aid from France and Spain. This aid helped us in the fight against Britain, leading to the war lasting longer.

Another factor in why the war was a long one was the British had to defend the entire empire. The colonists knew this and developed a strategy that would lengthen the war. The colonists didn’t want to engage the British in large-scale battles. They knew those battles would be hard to win. Thus, the colonists used guerilla warfare tactics that caused the British to have to chase the colonists throughout the empire, especially in the South. This lengthened the war, which is exactly what the colonists wanted. The colonists knew that support for the war would decrease in Britain the longer it took for the war to end. Thus, our strategy, combined with Britain having to defend the entire empire, helped to lengthen the war.

The war was very costly for both sides. Both sides suffered many deaths.  These deaths occurred from battles and from diseases. The financial costs were also very high. The United States spent about $50 million on the war while Britain spent about $375 million. Even France and Spain incurred costs by helping us. For more specific figures on costs and casualties, click here and scroll to the section of costs and casualties. Additionally, there was property damage and our land was damaged by the fighting taking place on it.

As with any war, there were significant costs associated with it. Additionally, wars rarely go according to plan, causing them to last longer than expected. The Revolutionary War was no different.

Why do buddy and his friend make fruitcakes each year? Explain who they make them for.

Each year Buddy and his friend make fruitcakes for those who have shown them a small kindness, people who they are not well acquainted with, such as the President. The pair makes the cakes for people who come to town on occasion to lecture or provide a service to the townspeople for example the itinerant knife grinder. They do not make them for close friends because they do not have any. Buddy’s friend is very...

Each year Buddy and his friend make fruitcakes for those who have shown them a small kindness, people who they are not well acquainted with, such as the President. The pair makes the cakes for people who come to town on occasion to lecture or provide a service to the townspeople for example the itinerant knife grinder. They do not make them for close friends because they do not have any. Buddy’s friend is very shy and seems to relate well to those who spend a few hours with them or those that they have not met. They keep a scrapbook of the thank-you notes they receive from people, and in this way relate to them without having to interact with them on a regular basis. This gives them a feeling of being part of something larger than their own little world. Buddy says,

Also, the scrapbooks we keep of thank-you's on White House stationery, time-to-time communications from California

and Borneo, the knife grinder's penny post cards, make us feel connected.

Is Lev, Risa, Connor, or Roland a dynamic character?

I would say that Connor, Lev, and Risa are all dynamic characters, while Roland is a static character.  That guy stays a bully the entire novel.  If you have to pick just one character though, Lev is the most dynamic character.  He would be followed by Connor and then Risa.  

Lev is the most dynamic character, because he is the only character that completely flips his attitude and opinion around.  When the novel begins,...

I would say that Connor, Lev, and Risa are all dynamic characters, while Roland is a static character.  That guy stays a bully the entire novel.  If you have to pick just one character though, Lev is the most dynamic character.  He would be followed by Connor and then Risa.  

Lev is the most dynamic character, because he is the only character that completely flips his attitude and opinion around.  When the novel begins, Lev is a willing tithe.  He knows that he is going to be given to a harvest camp to be unwound.  He not only agrees to this lot in life, but he is happy about it and looks forward to being unwound; however, by the end of the novel, he is a completely different character.  He doesn't want to be unwound.  He is angry at his parents for their brainwashing of him.  He's angry at his pastor for going along with it.  Lev is so anti-unwinding and against the concept of harvest camps that he is not content with having escaped.  He wants revenge.  He wants to see the harvest camp destroyed, so he becomes a clapper.  He gets his body filled with explosive compounds that will explode if he claps his hands together hard enough.  I would say that Lev is by far the most dynamic character, which is why he is the most interesting character.  

Which characters does Mary Shelley make the reader feel compassion for, and why, in the novel 'Frankenstein'?

One of the strengths of this novel, and there are many, is that Shelley wrote very complex characters. As a result, there are many characters in the book whom we feel compassion for:

The Monster: This is the most obvious one. Although he does some heinous things to get back at Victor, the reason he feels so sad and angry at Victor to begin with is because he has been completely abandoned by his creator and thrust into the world with absolutely nothing. Anyone and everyone he comes across treats him like a monster, and thus he becomes one. We can't help but feel compassion for how lonely and rejected he is.

Justine: She is wrongly accused, then executed for, William's death. She clearly had nothing to do with his murder, no motivation to hurt him, and could have been saved by Victor if he had been brave enough to say something...anything! We feel compassion for Justine because she is a true innocent. She does nothing wrong and pays the ultimate price, her life.

Elizabeth: She, too, is a complete innocent. In all of the descriptions of her, we get the impression she is a wonderful person. When we do see her ourselves, she is kind, loving, and loyal. We cannot help but feel compassion for her because she dies an unnecessary death brought on by Victor's actions, not her own.

William: He's also an innocent who dies needlessly. Although one could argue he was mean to the Monster, the counterargument would also be that the Monster jumped out and grabbed him with the intention of kidnapping him to make him a friend. What child wouldn't be scared and say something mean? So, we feel compassion for his situation - he is about to be kidnapped, cries out, and gets strangled. 

Henry Clerical: He's only ever a good and decent friend to Victor and he ends up dead as well. He does not deserve this, and again, we must feel compassion for this senseless death.

Victor: Although this is the most arguable person on the list, Shelley does cause us to feel compassion for him at times, especially toward the end of the novel. He has clearly made some significant mistakes in his life and he is sorry. His life is ruined, he has lost everyone he loves, and he can't do anything to fix any of it. We do feel some compassion for how terribly wrong everything went for him and, frankly, how naive he was to think it would go any better.

What are the differences between WEB Du Bois and Booker T Washington?

W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were two major African-American leaders around 1900. Both men had definite thoughts on how African-Americans should handle the lack of rights African-American had. Booker T. Washington believed African-Americans should focus on getting economic rights and vocational training first. He believed it was necessary for African-Americans to get good jobs in order to become secure financially. After they got these rights and became secure financially, then they could focus...

W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were two major African-American leaders around 1900. Both men had definite thoughts on how African-Americans should handle the lack of rights African-American had. Booker T. Washington believed African-Americans should focus on getting economic rights and vocational training first. He believed it was necessary for African-Americans to get good jobs in order to become secure financially. After they got these rights and became secure financially, then they could focus on the lack of political rights they had. This compromise, getting economic rights while delaying political rights, was known as the Atlanta Compromise.

W.E.B. Du Bois had a different view about the lack of economic and political opportunities. He believed African-Americans should have all of their rights at the same time. He didn’t agree that the fight for political rights should be delayed while pursuing economic rights and vocational training. He wanted African-Americans to get economic rights and political rights now, without delay.

Both men were African-American leaders at the turn of the century. They also differed on how African-Americans should approach the lack of rights they had.

What are five songs that can be used to represent Tom Buchanan in The Great Gatsby and how do the songs relate to him?

Early in F. Scott Fitzgerald's classic The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway, one of the story's main protagonists as well as the novel's narrator, describes his evening at the estate of Tom and Daisy Buchanan. During this socially awkward encounter, during which Nick observes the Buchanans closely, Daisy makes an off-handed comment that physically and emotionally describes her husband:

That’s what I get for marrying a brute of a man, a great big hulking physical specimen of a——‘

‘I hate that word hulking,’ objected Tom crossly, ‘even in kidding.’

‘Hulking,’ insisted Daisy

Tom is also, it is revealed, a thoroughly racist as well as elitist individual, evident in the following passages, in which the socially elitist Tom questions his guest, Nick, about the latter's occupation, only to derisively dismiss Nick's answer with yet another example of arrogance and elitism:

‘What you doing, Nick?’

‘I’m a bond man.’

‘Who with?’

I told him.

‘Never heard of them,’ he remarked decisively.

This annoyed me.

‘You will,’ I answered shortly. ‘You will if you stay in the East.’

‘Oh, I’ll stay in the East, don’t you worry,’ he said, glancing at Daisy and then back at me, as if he were alert for something more. ‘I’d be a God Damned fool to live anywhere else.’

So, songs that suggest a figure of hulking physical stature, class-conscious elitist, racist, and, as will also be revealed in Nick's narrative, an adulterer could include the following selections:

The theme of adultery has been pervasive throughout the history of rock, pop, and other musical genres. A passage from The Eagles' classic "Lyin' Eyes," however, seems particularly appropriate in describing Tom Buchanan:

Late at night a big old house gets lonely
I guess every form of refuge has its price
And it breaks her heart to think her love is only
Given to a man with hands as cold as ice

Tom is a philander while Daisy occupies their enormous, palatial estate. Their "big old house" is old, as it's in the "old money" community of East Egg, which is contrasted in Fitzgerald's novel with the "new money" atmosphere of West Egg. Tom is also, as noted, a racist, spouting theories of white superiority at the dinner table ( ". . .if we don’t look out the white race will be—will be utterly submerged. It’s all scientific stuff; it’s been proved."). Given the context in which Tom expresses these virulently racist sentiments, the lyrics from They Might Be Giants' "Your Racist Friend" could, conceivably, be applied:

It was the loveliest party that I've ever attended
If anything was broken I'm sure it could be mended
My head can't tolerate this bobbing and pretending
Listen to some bullet-head and the madness that he's saying

Another song that could be applied to the character of Tom Buchanan in light of his racist beliefs is "Deutschland erwache," which translates as "Germany Awake," and which includes the following refrain:

Germany awake from your nightmare!
Give foreign Jews no place in your Reich!

Tom's sympathies, as expressed during the dinner party at which Nick was the guest, clearly evoke sentiments consistent with those of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party of 1930s-1940s Germany.

Tom is, as noted, "old money." He has inherited his wealth, and lives, along with Daisy, a stultifying existence, bored and rich. The Forgotten Rebels' song "Bored and Rich," then, is applicable to Fitzgerald's character:

Daddy got me a job in a factory. 
He bought me a pin-up girl straight from a magazine. 
He even bought me tickets straight for the New York scene. 
Look at me, baby, look at me. 
I am pure f......g bored and rich.

Tom is a little more refined -- not much, but a little more -- than the lyrics to this song suggest, but The Forgotten Rebels did capture his essence with this profane passage. Finally, the Pet Shop Boys' "Being Boring" similarly captures, to a lesser degree, the ennui that characterizes Tom and Daisy Buchanan's life together. They are the bored rich:

I came across a cache of old photos
And invitations to teenage parties
"Dress in white" one said, with quotations
From someone's wife, a famous writer
In the nineteen-twenties

These, then, are five songs that describe the character of Tom Buchanan in The Great Gatsby.

How do the respective views of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau on liberty relate to the policies of modern governments? Discuss one or more examples.

Hobbes argued that despite the natural equality and liberty amongst individuals, the anarchy of pursuing survival made life "nasty, brutish, and short." Therefore, he suggests the establishment of a supreme sovereign power (e.g. King) would be the only way to create order and peace as well as secure the natural rights of equality and freedom. This supposedly rational decision, by the people, to acquiesce power (freedoms) to an absolute sovereign in exchange for laws and...

Hobbes argued that despite the natural equality and liberty amongst individuals, the anarchy of pursuing survival made life "nasty, brutish, and short." Therefore, he suggests the establishment of a supreme sovereign power (e.g. King) would be the only way to create order and peace as well as secure the natural rights of equality and freedom. This supposedly rational decision, by the people, to acquiesce power (freedoms) to an absolute sovereign in exchange for laws and enforcement that make life possible, is an understood by Hobbes as an implied agreement he called the "social contract." 

Locke agreed with Hobbes in respect to the brutish state of nature and the ability for a social contract to transcend the violent affairs of nature. However, they diverged because Locke did not view the people as acquiescing any freedom to the sovereign ruler in this agreement -- given the natural rights of life, liberty, and property were inalienable -- impossible to be taken or given away. Thus the sovereign ruler can never hold absolute power, as the natural rights of individuals checked an unrestrained reign. Whereas Hobbes argued that once the agreement was made to establish a sovereign ruler one must obey without the liberty to revolt, Locke argued that if the sovereign violated any natural right, the individual, or the people had the liberty to depose the ruler. This differing view on the liberties of individuals were also predicated on with whom the social contract was supposedly made between. For Hobbes the contract was only amongst the people themselves -- hence once the agreement was reached the sovereign was held to no limits. Yet, for Locke, the social contract was between the people and the ruler. However, it is important to note, that despite Locke's insistence that liberty (along with life) were inalienable natural rights, his primary commitment was to the natural right of property -- and therefore protecting property was the way government could promote the "public good". The implications of Locke's view on liberty for modern government concerns a preference for representative government -- since neither men nor property owners have any rights. 

Rousseau argued, like Hobbes and Locke, that the nature of individuals was freedom and equality, yet in contrast, he also believed they were peaceful and happy! For Rousseau it was the emergence of property (ownership claims) that introduced violence and injustice. Therefore, the (Hobbesian) social contract was not a contract or agreement at all, but a trick by the rich to consolidate power over the masses. The solution to protecting life, liberty, and property, without surrendering freedom, still required a social contract for Rousseau just not between the people and a sovereign ruler, but between people individually and the whole community -- as a collective society with a "general will." The implications of Rousseau's views on liberty for modern governments concern a preference for direct democracy over elected representatives. 

What was the trial about? What was the intial reaction of jurors when they went into the jury room?

Twelve Angry Menis a drama about twelve jurors who have to bring a verdict in a murder trial. A young man, a teenager, is accused of stabbing his father to death with a knife. The judge has instructed the jurors that they must be unanimous in their verdict, explaining that the death penalty is mandatory if they bring a verdict of guilty. When the jurors enter the jury room, it is very hot, and...

Twelve Angry Men is a drama about twelve jurors who have to bring a verdict in a murder trial. A young man, a teenager, is accused of stabbing his father to death with a knife. The judge has instructed the jurors that they must be unanimous in their verdict, explaining that the death penalty is mandatory if they bring a verdict of guilty. When the jurors enter the jury room, it is very hot, and the jurors seem irritable, although some seem thoughtful. A few complain about the trial. After some brief conversation, the leader of the jury calls for a vote. At this initial vote, eleven men vote "guilty," and only one, Juror 8, votes "not guilty." There is some surprise and muttering toward him for being the only one who votes differently, and some jurors demand that he explain himself and even seem to ridicule or taunt him for his "wrong" opinion. Juror 8 explains that he doesn't know if the boy is guilty or not, but that he can't bring himself to be the final vote that will put the boy in the electric chair. He maintains that they should at least discuss the case before they sentence him to death.

Are there any metaphors in the story "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway?

I believe that when the man and the girl say, "Everything tastes like licorice," this can be considered a metaphor, even though it contains the word "like" and might be construed as a simile. Everything does not really taste like licorice. Saying that everything tastes like licorice is implying that everything in life turns out to be a disappointment. 

"Yes," said the girl. "Everything tastes of licorice. Especially all the things you've waited so long for, like absinthe."

In this instance the word "like" is not used, so it is even more of a metaphor. It is an ingenious one. Hemingway is using a simile, or an analogy, as a metaphor.

The title of the story is "Hills Like White Elephants." The hills may look "like" white elephants, but the whole simile is also a metaphor. White elephants are symbols of anything of great value that is not wanted. The hills may be "like" white elephants, but the white elephants are metaphors for the unwanted baby which the man is pressuring the girl to abort. It is obvious throughout the story that the girl wants the baby and the man doesn't.

Another thing about white elephants, which may affect the outcome of the conflict, is that a white elephant is only a white elephant because you can't get rid of it. If you could get rid of it, it would no longer be a white elephant. So maybe the man will not succeed in persuading the girl to go ahead with the abortion after all?

Is it a good idea for the government to require automobile manufacturers to include pollution control devices, and certain safety devices (i.e. air...

If we look at this question through the lens of inequalities, we are likely to conclude that it is a good idea for the government to require these things.  This is because both pollution control devices and air bags prevent negative externalities.

Negative externalities are costs that are incurred when we use a product but which are not figured in to the price for which we buy the product.  Pollution is a prime example of...

If we look at this question through the lens of inequalities, we are likely to conclude that it is a good idea for the government to require these things.  This is because both pollution control devices and air bags prevent negative externalities.

Negative externalities are costs that are incurred when we use a product but which are not figured in to the price for which we buy the product.  Pollution is a prime example of this.  If you buy and drive a car, you contribute to pollution.  However, the cost of the car does not reflect the cost of cleaning up or otherwise coping with pollution.  Therefore, you are more likely to buy a car and drive it than you would be if you had to pay the whole cost, including costs related to pollution, of using the car. 

Similarly, injuries from car crashes are not factored into the price of a car.  When someone is injured in a crash, they tend to cost society money.  Society may have to help pay their doctor bills.  Their employers lose their services while they recover.  These sorts of costs can be prevented to some degree if the government requires safety devices in cars.

Thus, these things should be required from an economic point of view because they help to prevent negative externalities from occurring.

In "A Jury of Her Peers", what do we know about John Wright's personality? What kind of husband is he?

Any description of John Wright that appears in "A Jury of Her Peers" is made as indirect characterization. This means that the information comes from the other characters, or as a result of the actions of John Wright. The author will not directly state what he looks like, is like, or acts like. It all will be discovered by the reader, as the story progresses. 

This is a clever way of moving along with the plot. After all, the story is a suspenseful and consistent uncovering of facts and details that will ultimately lead to understanding what made Minnie Wright snap and kill John, her husband. 

All this being said, these are some traits we gather from John as the story goes:

1. He is petulant; has an attitude

....I don't think a place would be any the cheerfuller for John Wright's bein' in it.

These are words spoken by Mrs. Hale, the wife of one of John's colleagues, and also a former friend of Minnie Wright. It is Mrs. Hale who first begins to suspect that Minnie acted as a result of John's nonstop abuse. 

2. John Wright had the "feel" of a sociopath, that is, of someone who is unfit to lead a normal life unless he hurts or abuses someone. When the question is asked as to whether Mrs. Peters, the sheriff's wife, knew John Wright, her answer is that she has "heard" that he was, essentially, "good". Here comes Mrs. Hale again, though, and offers more insight into this belief:

Yes--good [...] He didn't drink, and kept his word as well as most, I guess, and paid his debts. But he was a hard man [...]Just to pass the time of day with him--.[...] Like a raw wind that gets to the bone." 

In an allusion that suggests foreshadowing, this is the very moment that Mrs. Hale notices the poignant, empty birdcage laying around. This is the birdcage where Minnie's only loving companion, a canary, was once kept. 

3. John was antisocial. When Hale goes to John Wright to ask whether he would get a telephone, particularly since they were so isolated from mainstream society, the latter put him off...

........saying folks talked too much anyway, and all he asked was peace and quiet--guess you know about how much he talked himself.

Moreover, John seems to also suffer from a degree of misogyny. John does not care about "folks", but he much less cares about his wife. The men knew as much. They didn't even bother going to Minnie first in aims that her female charm would work on her husband's disposition to get a telephone. 

 I said at the same time that I didn't know as what his wife wanted made much difference to John--"

Therefore, John Wright is quite a chauvinistic and unsociable character. We later find out that these traits also render him prone to abusing and bullying others. This is precisely what he does to his wife, ending in his demise. 

Find a quote in Of Mice and Men that shows that candy was a good worker.

Old Candy, who has lost a hand, has been assigned the job of sweeping out the bunkhouse and other minor duties. In the midst of other activity, he still does his job.

When Lennie and George arrive, Candy greets them with the news that the boss has been looking for them since the morning; he talks with them until the boss arrives. Then he quickly goes outside. After the boss leaves, his son Curley enters...

Old Candy, who has lost a hand, has been assigned the job of sweeping out the bunkhouse and other minor duties. In the midst of other activity, he still does his job.

When Lennie and George arrive, Candy greets them with the news that the boss has been looking for them since the morning; he talks with them until the boss arrives. Then he quickly goes outside. After the boss leaves, his son Curley enters and becomes antagonistic, especially toward Lennie. After Curley departs, Candy re-enters and again talks with George and Lennie, explaining to them about Curley's pugnacious nature. But, he tells the men, "Don't tell Curley I said none of this. He'd slough me." 
Old Candy is clearly insecure about his job. This is one reason why he makes sure that he completes his tasks. For instance, he gossips for a short time with George and Lennie, but he soon moves toward the door, and says,

I gotta be settin' out the wash basins for the guys. The Teams'll be in before long." (Chapter 2)

Even though he obviously enjoys gossiping, Candy remembers his responsibilities. This action indicates that he is a good worker.

How does Ralph indicate his belief that Piggy is smarter than he is?

Chapter Five, Beast from the Water, finds Ralph walking by himself, alone with his thoughts. Ralph is far more cynical now about the island and he takes a moment to remember how enthusiastically he explored it when they first arrived. He knows that he needs to plan to hold another assembly, but he's trying to think it through first, in order to address the items that need to be addressed. He knows that the meeting...

Chapter Five, Beast from the Water, finds Ralph walking by himself, alone with his thoughts. Ralph is far more cynical now about the island and he takes a moment to remember how enthusiastically he explored it when they first arrived. He knows that he needs to plan to hold another assembly, but he's trying to think it through first, in order to address the items that need to be addressed. He knows that the meeting needs to be a serious one and that is the part that bothers Ralph. 

Ralph continues walking up the beach as the tide comes in and he begins to be bothered by all of the little things that signify how long they've been on the island, such as the length of his hair, how stiff and sandy his clothes are, or how his clothes are beginning to chafe. He reaches the bathing pool, where the rest of the boys are gathered. As he loses himself in thought again, Ralph realizes: 

Ralph moved impatiently. The trouble was, if you were a chief you had to think, you had to be wise. And then the occasion slipped by so that you had to grab at a decision. This made you think; because thought was a valuable thing, that got results. Only, decided Ralph as he faced the chief’s seat, I can’t think. Not like Piggy. Piggy could think. He could go step by step inside that fat head of his, only Piggy was no chief. But Piggy, for all his ludicrous body, had brains. Ralph was a specialist in thought now, and could recognize thought in another. (Chapter 5, pg. 109) 

Ralph realizes that Piggy has an ability that he doesn't and that this is part of the problem with having Ralph as chief. He recognizes that Piggy's ability to think ahead and break things down is an asset, but he fails to recognize Jack's charisma as a threat. 

How does culture affect history?

History, in its simplest sense, is a study of the actions of humans from the past. The impact of culture on how humans behave is quite dramatic. Virtually every action that a person takes is the result of the cultivation of their culture on that individual.

There are many themes that historians study in their pursuit of an understanding about the past. Themes like warfare, expansion, and socio-economic structure are examples. If we look at...

History, in its simplest sense, is a study of the actions of humans from the past. The impact of culture on how humans behave is quite dramatic. Virtually every action that a person takes is the result of the cultivation of their culture on that individual.

There are many themes that historians study in their pursuit of an understanding about the past. Themes like warfare, expansion, and socio-economic structure are examples. If we look at the theme of human conflict, culture has played a significant part. Wars or conflicts often occur because of religion, or more specifically, competing religious ideologies. Wars can be started over conflicting economic interests or resources. Conflicting political ideologies have also been a constant catalyst for conflict. Ideas of religion, economic organization, and government systems are all elements of a person's culture.

When considering the importance of culture on human behavior, it is very easy to understand that history is completely shaped by culture.

I must write an essay comparing the use of space in "Musee des Beaux Arts" and "Ode to a Nightengale." I completely understand the two poems...

In "Musee des Beaux Arts," by Auden, the speaker of the poem is looking at famous paintings by the "old Masters." In these artworks, he notes that while miraculous things are occurring, other people simply go about their lives. When older people are waiting for the birth of Christ, children go about playing without noticing. While a martyr is being tortured, a horse scratches its behind. In the second stanza, while Icarus falls into the...

In "Musee des Beaux Arts," by Auden, the speaker of the poem is looking at famous paintings by the "old Masters." In these artworks, he notes that while miraculous things are occurring, other people simply go about their lives. When older people are waiting for the birth of Christ, children go about playing without noticing. While a martyr is being tortured, a horse scratches its behind. In the second stanza, while Icarus falls into the sea, the people (ploughman and those on the ship) take notice but then go about their business as if nothing shocking has happened. This suggests that when people see suffering, it is understood as a necessary part of life. Therefore, it is not a big deal when it happens, so they take notice but then go about their business.

It doesn't seem that Auden is making a critical statement about people's insensitivity in general. But one can clearly suggest that interpretation. It is the space between the spectator and the sufferer that makes it okay or acceptable for the spectator to watch and then move on. This is paralleled with the space between the speaker of the poem and the paintings he sees. He recognizes suffering and then moves on to the next painting. The space between spectator and suffering person/object creates this gap into which acceptance, understanding, tolerance, or even indifference can fill the void. 

Whereas the speaker in "Musee" is separated from suffering, the speaker in "Ode to a Nightingale" is encompassed by it. He longs to get away from the existential and mortal worries of life and death. He dreams of being away from these "Earthly" cares and therefore desires to be up, away from the Earth like the Nightingale.

The best he can do is to escape through his imagination and his poetry ("poesy"). The speaker wants to lull himself or even drink himself into another (mental) place. He wants to distance himself from his worries; he wants to distance himself from himself. These are the metaphoric and/or figurative notions of creating space or transcending to some other space/place in which suffering is eased or eliminated.

The Nightingale is born without knowledge of death and is therefore on a different plain, so to speak. This is what Keats/the speaker is after. In the end, he can not completely escape or be where the Nightingale is: "Forlorn! the very word is like a bell / To toll me back from thee to my sole self!" He knows that this way of imagining himself in this other place is not real (a "fancy"). He returns to himself, his own "space." He can then only put his thoughts and worries into poetry. This might also be considered a kind of therapeutic or cathartic putting his worries in another place. Then, we might think of someone reading about Keats' suffering in reading this poem, similar to the speaker in Auden's poem reflecting upon the paintings of suffering. Once again, space is created between the reader and the poem, just like the space between the paintings and the observer or Icarus and the onlookers. 

What is the fate of Elizabeth Parris, Abigail Williams, Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and John Hathorne?

In the play, as in real life, the fates of the guilty parties are not equal to what they truly deserve.  However, in the end of the play, Elizabeth (Betty) Parris presumably lives out her life in Salem.  She does tell her father that she'd overheard Abigail and Mercy Lewis talking about ships the week before, and that is how he comes to the conclusion that Abigail and Mercy have fled for good.  This is...

In the play, as in real life, the fates of the guilty parties are not equal to what they truly deserve.  However, in the end of the play, Elizabeth (Betty) Parris presumably lives out her life in Salem.  She does tell her father that she'd overheard Abigail and Mercy Lewis talking about ships the week before, and that is how he comes to the conclusion that Abigail and Mercy have fled for good.  This is the last time we hear about Betty in the play.

Abigail Williams robs Parris of his life's savings and runs away from Salem with Mercy Lewis, presumably to board a ship and escape the hysteria she helped to create.  (This does not happen in real life.)

Sarah Good has confessed, and so the last we the audience sees her in the play is when she's sitting in jail with Tituba (who has also confessed).  She will hang because she confessed, but she has clearly become terribly ill and delusional (thinking that the Devil is coming for her and Tituba to take them back to Barbados with him; she even thinks that Herrick is the Devil when she first sees him).  

Goody Osburn, Mary Warren told Elizabeth Proctor in Act Two, would not confess, and because she was convicted, she was hanged (apparently prior to Act Four since she does not appear to be a part of the group scheduled to hang on that final morning).

Finally, in the last scene in which we see Hathorne, he is arguing with Hale about whether or not Hale should say that he is counseling the convicted to lie (and confess) to save their own lives.  Hathorne, obviously, does not want Hale telling people that he advised them to "lie," because it would call the confessions into question and hurt the court's -- and his own -- authority.  Finally, he tries to get Proctor to confess and rejoices when it seems that Proctor is going to.  Obviously, he has learned nothing over the course of the play and ends it in much the same way as he began it: pompous and proud (and wrong).

What are evidences of evolutionary relationships?

There are at least five evidences of evolutionary relationship. Each are identified and briefly explained below.

1. Biogeography

Biogeography looks at how species are geographically distributed through time. Biogeography can be used to explain how species that share a common ancestor and were geographically separated adapted to their new environments via natural selection.

2. Fossil Record

The fossil record provides a record of how anatomical features of organisms have changed over time. The fossil record...

There are at least five evidences of evolutionary relationship. Each are identified and briefly explained below.

1. Biogeography

Biogeography looks at how species are geographically distributed through time. Biogeography can be used to explain how species that share a common ancestor and were geographically separated adapted to their new environments via natural selection.

2. Fossil Record

The fossil record provides a record of how anatomical features of organisms have changed over time. The fossil record also provides evidence for the period of time during which organisms have been present on Earth.

3. Homologous structures

Homologous structures are organs or bones that are found in different organisms that have similar structures. An example would be the human forearm and flipper of a whale. Each have a humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges. Organisms that share homologous structures are thought to have come from a common ancestor.

4. Embryology

Embryology is the study of gametes, fertilization, and embryos. The longer embryos of different species are similar, the more closely their evolutionary relationship is through to be.

5. Genetics

The more genes that two organisms have in common, the closer their evolutionary ancestry.

Does Virginia Woolf use the stream of consciousness technique in "A Room of One's Own"?

The simple answer would be "yes", but there is much more to Virginia Woolf than "yes" and "no" answers, as you will find out the more you read about her and her works.

As a genre-bending production that combines the basics of essay, discourse, self-analysis, and autobiography, "A Room of One's View", does show plenty of the stream of consciousness narrative in that it features:

• An interior monologue

Characters are consistently talking to themselves. We...

The simple answer would be "yes", but there is much more to Virginia Woolf than "yes" and "no" answers, as you will find out the more you read about her and her works.

As a genre-bending production that combines the basics of essay, discourse, self-analysis, and autobiography, "A Room of One's View", does show plenty of the stream of consciousness narrative in that it features:

• An interior monologue

Characters are consistently talking to themselves. We are not the intended audience. We really are the secondary listeners.

• Ongoing analysis

Woolf is determined to make a point throughout this essay regarding her conviction that there should be equality for men and women. She does this consistently.

• Non sequential (non linear) narrative

Can we really categorize the story by beginning, middle or end? We cannot. It is all over the place, sometimes with some parts of the narrative showing more organization than others.

• Tangential thoughts

There is literary license to shift from one theme to another, or even from one mood to another, as well.

• Free, indirect speech

Again, we are not being asked to sit down and read, or sit and listen. The narrator will do it, regardless.

In other words, Virginia is not speaking to us directly, nor is she trying to convince us of anything. In literary works that feature this narrative style, the characters who do the talking seem more like they are making an attempt at convincing themselves of what they are saying.

It is no different than speaking out a manifesto where an idea is exposed and evidence is given to support the main thesis, hence, the "essay" traits also evident in this work.

Whether it is as Mary Beton, Mary Seton, Mary Carmichael, or even as Judith Shakespeare, the reader gets the gist that Virginia Woolf is speaking about a topic that is very dear and strong to her: gender equality in literature. As such, she uses a variety of foci to make her point, present her ideas, and perhaps elicit a sense of agreement in the audience, to justify her point.

`y = tan(x), y = 2sin(x), (-pi/3)

`y=tan(x) , y=2sin(x), -pi/3<=x<=pi/3`

Refer the attached image. Graph of y=tan(x) is plotted in blue color and graph of y=2sin(x) is plotted in red color.

Area of the region enclosed by the given curves(A)=`2int_0^(pi/3)(2sin(x)-tan(x))dx` (by symmetry)

`A=2[-2cos(x)-lnsec(x)]_0^(pi/3)`

`A=2((-2cos(pi/3)-lnsec(pi/3))-(-2cos(0)-lnsec(0)))`

`A=2((-2*(1/2)-ln2)-(-2-0))`

`A=2(1-ln2)`

`y=tan(x) , y=2sin(x), -pi/3<=x<=pi/3`

Refer the attached image. Graph of y=tan(x) is plotted in blue color and graph of y=2sin(x) is plotted in red color.

Area of the region enclosed by the given curves(A)=`2int_0^(pi/3)(2sin(x)-tan(x))dx` (by symmetry)

`A=2[-2cos(x)-lnsec(x)]_0^(pi/3)`

`A=2((-2cos(pi/3)-lnsec(pi/3))-(-2cos(0)-lnsec(0)))`

`A=2((-2*(1/2)-ln2)-(-2-0))`

`A=2(1-ln2)`

What is the main idea of Jane Eyre? And why was this story written?

Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte's beloved novel, is the story of the eponymous Jane Eyre and her struggles and successes in nineteenth-century rural England. We meet Jane as a young girl and watch her navigate through the harshness of Lowood to the passions of Thornfield Hall to Moor House and back to Rochester in Ferndean again. While the brunt of the plot seems to revolve around Jane's love for Rochester and their struggle to develop...

Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte's beloved novel, is the story of the eponymous Jane Eyre and her struggles and successes in nineteenth-century rural England. We meet Jane as a young girl and watch her navigate through the harshness of Lowood to the passions of Thornfield Hall to Moor House and back to Rochester in Ferndean again. While the brunt of the plot seems to revolve around Jane's love for Rochester and their struggle to develop a relationship, beyond the love story, there lies the true point of Bronte's novel: the journey to self-actualization of Jane Eyre. She must learn to be seen as a woman of full intellect and power and must learn to see herself as such. This is a story of independence and struggle and ultimate success in finding such independence.

While no one knows specifically why Charlotte Bronte wrote her novel, she seems to have wanted to voice her frustration about the inequality she saw between men and women. Choosing to publish under the gender neutral name of Currer Bell, and having a female character traverse and ultimately find her identity and independence, Bronte appears to have wanted to show the world that women could have the same intellect, the same passions as men.

In The Witch of Blackbird Pond, what are Kit's first impressions of America and what do they reveal about her background and character?

Kit is initially unimpressed with America. She finds the towns of Saybrook and Wetherfield to be small and dreary. She had expected to see established and bustling towns, with large buildings made of stone. Instead, she finds unpaved streets and small wooden structures. Kit is disappointed in America, which reveals that she came from an older and more established area. In Barbados, life had resembled the lifestyles of England, and things had been more "civilized."...

Kit is initially unimpressed with America. She finds the towns of Saybrook and Wetherfield to be small and dreary. She had expected to see established and bustling towns, with large buildings made of stone. Instead, she finds unpaved streets and small wooden structures. Kit is disappointed in America, which reveals that she came from an older and more established area. In Barbados, life had resembled the lifestyles of England, and things had been more "civilized." The culture in Puritan America is rigid and serious, while it was much more relaxed in her island home. Back at home, Kit swam in the water and walked around barefoot. This also reveals that Kit has more sophisticated tastes. In Barbados she wore more expensive fabrics, such as silk and satin. In her new home, most women wear homespun dresses. Kit's lively personality and free spirit are at odds with the rigid Puritan lifestyle.

Why is Romeo alone at the beginning of Act 2 of Romeo and Juliet?

Having just left the Capulet party, Romeo is nonetheless alone because he has decided to leave his friends and to seek out Juliet again.  In a dangerous move, Romeo opts to climb the walls of Juliet's courtyard.  This move will put him outside of her room just as Juliet is talking to herself out on her balcony.  This will set up the famous balcony scene that occurs in Act 2, Scene 2.

Romeo's friends, who...

Having just left the Capulet party, Romeo is nonetheless alone because he has decided to leave his friends and to seek out Juliet again.  In a dangerous move, Romeo opts to climb the walls of Juliet's courtyard.  This move will put him outside of her room just as Juliet is talking to herself out on her balcony.  This will set up the famous balcony scene that occurs in Act 2, Scene 2.

Romeo's friends, who are unaware of Juliet, are likewise unaware of why Romeo has left.  Indeed, Mercutio initially states that Romeo has gone home to bed, until Benvolio corrects him by stating that Romeo jumped over the wall.  Mercutio (wrongly) deduces that Romeo must have returned to try to unite with Rosaline and proceeds to "conjure" Romeo by shouting to Romeo about Rosaline's legs, thighs and areas near to her thighs (this is Mercutio's sexual innuendo at its best).

`y = e^x, y = sqrt(x) + 1` Use a graph to estimate the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the given curves. Then use this...

`y=e^x`

`y=sqrtx + 1`

The graph of these two equations are:

(Green curve graph of `y=e^x` . And blue curve is the graph of `y=sqrt(x) + 1` .)

Base on the graph,  the two curve intersect at `x=0` and `x~~0.56` .

To solve for the volume of the solid formed when the bounded region is rotated about the y-axis, apply the method of cylinder. Its formula is:

`V=int_a^b 2pi*r*h*dx`

To determine the radius and height...

`y=e^x`

`y=sqrtx + 1`

The graph of these two equations are:

(Green curve graph of `y=e^x` . And blue curve is the graph of `y=sqrt(x) + 1` .)

Base on the graph,  the two curve intersect at `x=0` and `x~~0.56` .

To solve for the volume of the solid formed when the bounded region is rotated about the y-axis, apply the method of cylinder. Its formula is:

`V=int_a^b 2pi*r*h*dx`

To determine the radius and height of the cylindrical shell, refer to the figure below. Its radius and height are:

`r = x`

`h=y_(upper) - y_(lower)=sqrtx + 1 - e^x`

Plug-in them to the formula of volume.

`V=int_0^0.56 2pi *x*(sqrtx + 1-e^x) dx`

`V= 2pi int _0^0.56 (x^3/2 + x - xe^x) dx`

Take the integral of each term.

`V= 2pi (int_0^0.56dx + int_0^0.56 xdx - int_0^0.56 xe^xdx)`

For the first two integral, apply the formula `int x^n dx = x^(n+10)/(n+1)` .

And for the third integral, apply integration by part `int u dv = uv - int vdu` .

`V=2pi( (2x^(5/2))/5+x^2/2 - (xe^x-e^x))|_0^0.56`

`V = 2pi ( (2x^(5/2))/5+x^2/2 - xe^x+e^x)|_0^0.56`

`V = 2pi [( (2*0.56^(5/2))/5+0.56^2/2-0.56*e^0.56+e^0.56)- ((2*0^(5/2))/2+0^2/2-0*e^0+e^0)]`

`V=0.1317`

Therefore, the volume of the solid formed is 0.1317 cubic units.

Do you think the benefits of the Columbian Exchange outweigh the drawbacks?

I think it is very difficult to argue that the benefits of the Columbian Exchange outweigh the drawbacks. To do so, one would essentially be arguing that the lives of millions of Native American people lost to European diseases were an acceptable cost for the introduction of crops and other commodities to Europe. Ultimately, the introduction of such New World crops as potatoes, corn, turnips, and others led to a massive population increase in Europe,...

I think it is very difficult to argue that the benefits of the Columbian Exchange outweigh the drawbacks. To do so, one would essentially be arguing that the lives of millions of Native American people lost to European diseases were an acceptable cost for the introduction of crops and other commodities to Europe. Ultimately, the introduction of such New World crops as potatoes, corn, turnips, and others led to a massive population increase in Europe, but it coincided with the loss of millions of Native people to diseases such as smallpox and typhus. Additionally, animals introduced by Europeans, including swine and (inadvertently) rats wreaked havoc on Native crops, which had never previously needed to be protected by fences. The introduction of disease essentially made it possible for Europeans to settle and ultimately to exploit the Americas, both in terms of clearing lands to settle (as happened at Plymouth, where the Pilgrims settled near lands already cleared by Natives that had died off) and in terms of destabilizing the political situation in the New World. So the Columbian Exchange was undoubtedly a process that shaped the world we live in today, but it did so at an extraordinarily human cost.

What is the resolution of the novel Frankenstein?

The novel resolves, or ends, with these three events:

• Victor Frankenstein dies on Robert Walton's ship


• The Monster finds Victor dead and then jumps off the ship and into the cold arctic to go off and supposedly die


• Walton decides to go home to England

1) Victor Frankenstein has worn himself, physically and emotionally, searching for the Monster. As a result, he is near death when he arrives on Walton's ship. He shares his story...

The novel resolves, or ends, with these three events:

• Victor Frankenstein dies on Robert Walton's ship


• The Monster finds Victor dead and then jumps off the ship and into the cold arctic to go off and supposedly die


• Walton decides to go home to England

1) Victor Frankenstein has worn himself, physically and emotionally, searching for the Monster. As a result, he is near death when he arrives on Walton's ship. He shares his story with Walton, but then dies before ever finding his creation again.

2) The Monster finds Victor, but he is already dead. Walton walks in on the Monster talking to Victor's corpse and lamenting their complicated relationship. The Monster is remorseful and sad, but also still a bit angry. Victor's death is bittersweet, because as much as the Monster wanted Victor dead, he has no one else in the world who knows him. He is now truly alone. 

"He sprung from the cabin window, as he said this, upon the ice-raft which lay close to the vessel. He was soon borne away by the waves, and lost in darkness and distance."

3) After hearing Frankenstein's story, Walton sees too many parallels to his own life and ambitions and decides he better head home before he becomes too much like Victor. He turns the ship around and goes back to England.

In what way is Sanborn courageous in Gary D. Schmidt's novel Trouble?

In Gary D. Schmidt's novel Trouble, not only is Sanborn courageous for wanting to travel with Henry to climb dangerous Katahdin, he is also brave enough to defend Chay.In Chapter 22, while camping near the base of Katahdin, the two fishermenChay and Henry had seen in the chowder house in Portland, Maine, arrive in their pickup truck. They had been soldiers in the Vietnam War and had mistaken Chay...

In Gary D. Schmidt's novel Trouble, not only is Sanborn courageous for wanting to travel with Henry to climb dangerous Katahdin, he is also brave enough to defend Chay.

In Chapter 22, while camping near the base of Katahdin, the two fishermen Chay and Henry had seen in the chowder house in Portland, Maine, arrive in their pickup truck. They had been soldiers in the Vietnam War and had mistaken Chay for Vietnamese. Because they were so filled with rage from their experiences in Vietnam, they tried to attack Chay earlier in Chapter 13, but Chay, Henry, and Sanburn had managed to escape. Now, in Chapter 22, the two fishermen arrive again, having pursued the boys the past few days. One holds a shotgun; the other holds a broken bottle.

Sanborn shows bravery by being the first to speak in Chay's defense. One of the fishermen calls Sanburn a smart aleck, the fisherman saying he wished he could have been as smart as Sanburn but was pulled out of school and sent to "Vietnam to fight for my country against him," pointing at Chay. In retort, Sanburn defends Chay by saying, "No, you weren't," since Chay is from Cambodia, not Vietnam (p. 262). In this same scene, Henry is one of the first to act aggressively towards the two fishermen by grabbing from the boys' campfire a thick branch, burning at one end, and threatening the fishermen with the burning branch. Sanburn bravely does likewise, and both boys throw the branches at the men. Both men are injured, and the man with the shotgun fires at Henry; however, the man comes to his senses when he realizes he has just shot Henry, saying, "I didn't mean anything. We were just going to scare him. That's all" (p. 266).

Three consecutive asides (lines 132-137) occur between Malcolm and Donalbain. What are the rest of the characters doing on stage during these...

The conversation between Malcolm and Donalbain that occurs at the end of Act 2, Scene 3, actually does not consist of asides. An aside is a dramatic convention whereby a character, who is on stage with other characters, speaks either to himself, another character, or even the audience, without being heard by any character who is not supposed to hear. It is usually an opportunity for the audience to hear what a character is truly...

The conversation between Malcolm and Donalbain that occurs at the end of Act 2, Scene 3, actually does not consist of asides. An aside is a dramatic convention whereby a character, who is on stage with other characters, speaks either to himself, another character, or even the audience, without being heard by any character who is not supposed to hear. It is usually an opportunity for the audience to hear what a character is truly thinking, as we do not have access to their unspoken thoughts as we might in a novel or short story.

When Malcolm and Donalbain discuss their plans with one another, now that their father has been murdered, they are alone on stage with each other. Just before their private conversation, everyone on stage says the line, “Well contented” (2.3.159), and then there is a line of stage direction indicating that “All but Malcolm and Donalbain exit.” Therefore, there are no other characters on stage while they are speaking. If there had been, it is likely that those characters would carry on with conversations of their own so that they wouldn't notice the private interaction happening without them.

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, what did Scout and Jem find in the Radley tree?

Jem and Scout find several items at various times in the knothole of the Radley tree throughout the novel. The first item that Scout finds in the knothole is two sticks of Wrigley's Double Mint chewing gum. Jem reprimands Scout for eating the gum because he thinks it might poison her, which it does not. They then find two polished Indian head penniesthat Jem considers valuable and able to give people good luck. The...

Jem and Scout find several items at various times in the knothole of the Radley tree throughout the novel. The first item that Scout finds in the knothole is two sticks of Wrigley's Double Mint chewing gum. Jem reprimands Scout for eating the gum because he thinks it might poison her, which it does not. They then find two polished Indian head pennies that Jem considers valuable and able to give people good luck. The children also find a grey ball of twine and two soap figurines that resemble themselves. They are perplexed as to who could have been able to carve these figures and wonder who is responsible for leaving the gifts. Jem and Scout also find an old, tarnished spelling bee medal. The last two items they find in the knothole of the tree are an old, broken pocket watch and an aluminum knife. Jem and Scout decide to write a thank you note to the mysterious person who keeps leaving them gifts, only to find out that Nathan Radley has filled the knothole with cement.

In the novel Bud, Not Buddy, name one rule that Bud lives by and support how this rule helped Bud to survive or thrive by quoting text from the book.

Bud lives by numerous "Rules" that he lists in Bud Caldwell's Rules and Things to Have a Funner Life and Make a Better Liar Out of Yourself. These rules help Bud survive in a harsh world. In Chapter 11, Bud is extremely tired from walking to Owosso from Flint before being picked up by Lefty Lewis. Bud falls asleep on the ride back to Flint, and in the morning he hears someone calling his...

Bud lives by numerous "Rules" that he lists in Bud Caldwell's Rules and Things to Have a Funner Life and Make a Better Liar Out of Yourself. These rules help Bud survive in a harsh world. In Chapter 11, Bud is extremely tired from walking to Owosso from Flint before being picked up by Lefty Lewis. Bud falls asleep on the ride back to Flint, and in the morning he hears someone calling his name, telling him to wake up. Bud cannot recall where he is at and remembers Rule Number 29,

"When You Wake Up and Don't Know for Sure Where You're At And There's a Bunch of People Standing Around You, It's Best to Pretend You're Still Asleep Until You Can Figure Out What's Going On and What You Should Do" (Curtis 116).

Bud keeps his eyes closed and listens to what the woman is saying in hopes that she will reveal where he is at and what's going on around him. Bud listens to her discuss the various bug bites all over his face and hears a man say that Bud was trying to walk to Grand Rapids from Flint. Bud finally remembers that Lefty Lewis gave him a ride and listens as they discuss his "father," Herman E. Calloway. Bud says,

"See! I told you it was smart to pretend you were asleep some of the time. Now I was going to learn some things about my father" (Curtis 117).

Bud learns that he has a half-sister who is an adult and that Herman was married to several women. Rule Number 29 allowed Bud to find out information about Herman that he did not previously know, and allowed Bud to understand his surroundings before waking up.

In The Cay by Theodore Taylor, after Timothy spots the cay, what happens to Phillip that enrages Timothy?

At the beginning of Chapter Six in The Cayby Theodore Taylor, Timothy sees a small island in the distance--a cay in the ocean. When he tells Phillip that he sees it, Phillip gets so excited that he stands up and falls overboard into the water. This enrages Timothy because there are sharks all around. Timothy jumps into the water to fish Phillip out, and he is able to put Phillip back onto the raft....

At the beginning of Chapter Six in The Cay by Theodore Taylor, Timothy sees a small island in the distance--a cay in the ocean. When he tells Phillip that he sees it, Phillip gets so excited that he stands up and falls overboard into the water. This enrages Timothy because there are sharks all around. Timothy jumps into the water to fish Phillip out, and he is able to put Phillip back onto the raft. Phillip knows Timothy is very upset with him.

"I knew Timothy was in a rage. I could hear his heavy breathing and knew he was staring at me. 'Shark all 'round us, all d'time,' he roared" (Taylor 52).

Timothy goes on to instruct Phillip to only crawl as long as they are on the raft. He soon settles down and asks Phillip if he is alright, and he explains that anyone can die in the water because there really are sharks all around them. Soon after, though, the two of them reach the cay, and their real adventure begins.

What does it mean to have integrity, and where in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird does it show integrity? (quotes and page, please)

Having integrity means being genuine, honest, and morally upright; that is, living according to what one believes is morally right and true. One example of the integrity of Atticus is in Chapter 9.

In this chapter Atticus speaks privately with his brother Jack about the upcoming trial of Tom Robinson, who is charged with rape. Since Atticus has been assigned to defend Tom, Jack asks his brother, "...how bad is this going to be?" Atticus...

Having integrity means being genuine, honest, and morally upright; that is, living according to what one believes is morally right and true. One example of the integrity of Atticus is in Chapter 9.

In this chapter Atticus speaks privately with his brother Jack about the upcoming trial of Tom Robinson, who is charged with rape. Since Atticus has been assigned to defend Tom, Jack asks his brother, "...how bad is this going to be?" Atticus  tells him it is a terrible situation because the case is simply based upon the accuser's word against Tom's, and the jury is not likely to take Tom Robinson's word against that of the Ewell's, even though they are trashy. 

Then, Jack asks Atticus if he cannot avoid taking this case. Atticus tells Jack that if he does that, he cannot face his children.

"You know what's going to happen as well as I do Jack, and I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycomb's usual disease." [p.93 in paperback edition]

Here the integrity of Atticus is exemplified by his refusal to take an easy way out. He feels he must take the case because of the principles that he has taught his children, principles such as the right that every person deserves justice, and every person's life is important. He must stand by these principles, and be morally upright.

What were impacts of the Social Security Act during the Great Depression? How did it actually help to improve the conditions specifically during...

The Social Security Act was passed during the Great Depression. The original purposes of Social Security were to provide people with some financial resources during retirement or in cases of disability or unemployment. While its goals were to provide immediate help to some to some degree to people, the main portion of the Social Security benefits process didn’t begin until the early 1940s. Since Social Security was financed by taxes on both employers and employees,...

The Social Security Act was passed during the Great Depression. The original purposes of Social Security were to provide people with some financial resources during retirement or in cases of disability or unemployment. While its goals were to provide immediate help to some to some degree to people, the main portion of the Social Security benefits process didn’t begin until the early 1940s. Since Social Security was financed by taxes on both employers and employees, it actually acted as a drag on the economy and helped contribute to a recession in 1937. Thus, the initial impact was harmful to the economy because along with less government spending on jobs programs, businesses and individuals had less money to invest and spend because of the taxes from Social Security. However, eventually, Social Security provided the safety net that people came to expect from our government during difficult times. Today, Social Security is an essential program for many people.

Are different isotopes of carbon still carbon?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, and therefore different masses. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, which determines their identity. Any atom with six protons is a carbon atom. There are three common isotopes of carbon: Carbon-12 with 6 neutrons, carbon-13 with 7 neutrons and carbon-14 with 8 neutrons.

A naturally occurring sample of carbon is about 99% C-12 with very small...

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, and therefore different masses. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, which determines their identity. Any atom with six protons is a carbon atom. There are three common isotopes of carbon: Carbon-12 with 6 neutrons, carbon-13 with 7 neutrons and carbon-14 with 8 neutrons.

A naturally occurring sample of carbon is about 99% C-12 with very small amounts of the other two isotopes. There's no difference in the chemical behavior of the different isotopes, but carbon-14 undergoes radioactive decay. It's used to date very old artifacts based on the percent of carbon-14 remaining.

Carbon occurs in nature in different forms: Coal, graphite and diamond. Different structures of an element with different properties are called allotropes. The differences between the allotropes of carbon are due to different types of bonding and have nothing to do with the number of neutrons. 

What secret code is spoken in Number the Stars? Name all of the secret code statements, questions, or exclamations.

Shortly before Annemarie, Ellen, her sister, and her mother left for Uncle Henrik's farm, she heard her father on the telephone.  He was talking to Uncle Henrik, but their conversation seemed strange.  

First, her father asked Uncle Henrik if the weather was "good for fishing."  After listening for Uncle Henrik's response on the other end of the line, her father stated that the rest of his family would be visiting.  He also mentioned that...

Shortly before Annemarie, Ellen, her sister, and her mother left for Uncle Henrik's farm, she heard her father on the telephone.  He was talking to Uncle Henrik, but their conversation seemed strange.  

First, her father asked Uncle Henrik if the weather was "good for fishing."  After listening for Uncle Henrik's response on the other end of the line, her father stated that the rest of his family would be visiting.  He also mentioned that they would be bringing "a carton of cigarettes" to him.  He said that there were a lot of cigarettes in Copenhagen.  Annemarie found this odd, because cigarettes were almost never available since the war started.  Referring again to the cigarettes, her father added to Uncle Henrik that "'there [would] be others coming to you as well.'"  

Annemarie was suspicious of this strange conversation.  Then she realized that her father was speaking in code.  He was really talking about Ellen.  Ellen was the cigarette.

Calculate the average speed of a train which covers a distance of 624 km in 13 hours.

Hello!

The average speed of something is defined as the total length of the path travelled divided by the time spent. The sense of this definition is that if a body travel the given path during the given time with the constant speed, this speed would be the same as the average speed.

But this definition allows any instantaneous speed, for example a train can accelerate, then move with some constant speed, then decelerate and...

Hello!

The average speed of something is defined as the total length of the path travelled divided by the time spent. The sense of this definition is that if a body travel the given path during the given time with the constant speed, this speed would be the same as the average speed.

But this definition allows any instantaneous speed, for example a train can accelerate, then move with some constant speed, then decelerate and finally stay at a station.

In our case, the path is 624 km and the time is 13 hours. The average speed is

624/13 = 48 (km/h).

This speed may be also expressed in other units. For example, one kilometer is 1000 meters and one hour is 3600 seconds, therefore this speed is equal to

48*1000/3600 approx 13.3 (m/s).

How is the life of the author reflected in the short story?

While assuming certain traits of a story are autobiographical can be a slippery exercise in literature, it is still helpful to take a look at an author's life to get insights into the environment from which the story came. Raymond Carver was one of the great short story writers of the late 20th century. He was also famous for being a horrible alcoholic. This shows clearly in many of Carver's stories in this collection. In...

While assuming certain traits of a story are autobiographical can be a slippery exercise in literature, it is still helpful to take a look at an author's life to get insights into the environment from which the story came. Raymond Carver was one of the great short story writers of the late 20th century. He was also famous for being a horrible alcoholic. This shows clearly in many of Carver's stories in this collection. In this particular story, the couples share more and become more vulnerable as they consume more drinks. The entire night is highlighted by drinking. While these couples show no signs of alcohol abuse, the presence of alcohol and its close relationship to an internal emotional life is still an important part of the story.

Raymond Carver also divorced and remarried. Because of his drinking and other issues, he had a tragic and drawn out end to his first marriage. The story's exploration of lost loves and the mystery of how love dies is likely informed by Carver's experiences in his first marriage. Like the characters, he loved his first wife dearly, but these feelings transformed as life moved on. Also, like the characters in the story, Carver remarried later in life.

As a happily married man, Carver likely could have recalled experiencing similar romantic feelings with his first wife. The struggle to reconcile the strength of romantic feelings with the reality of past experiences is a key theme of the story, and it was clearly also a struggle that was present in Carver's own life.

What do Jonas' and Gabe's eyes represent?

No one in the community can see color, but they can see shades of lightness and darkness, and the eyes of Jonas and Gabe are light, unlike everyone else in the community, all of whom have dark eyes. We can infer that Jonas and Gabe have blue, green, gray, or hazel eyes and that everyone else has brown eyes. Because of Sameness, this is clearly an anomaly, and that anomaly seems to symbolize a deeper...

No one in the community can see color, but they can see shades of lightness and darkness, and the eyes of Jonas and Gabe are light, unlike everyone else in the community, all of whom have dark eyes. We can infer that Jonas and Gabe have blue, green, gray, or hazel eyes and that everyone else has brown eyes. Because of Sameness, this is clearly an anomaly, and that anomaly seems to symbolize a deeper difference in Jonas and Gabe, a difference that is not clear until later in the story. 

Sameness is a ruling principle of the community, even to the degree that people should look the same, but the community has not been able to successfully breed out all differences. Fiona, for example, is a redhead, which we know because Jonas compares her hair color to the color of an apple, after he begins to see colors.  His eyes and Gabe's eyes are another example, but it is considered rude to comment on differences, and Jonas has no real reason to think his and Gabe's eye color are particularly significant. 

However, Gabe turns out to be the only person to whom Jonas can transmit any memories, without even trying.  He has tried to transmit memories to Lily and his father, but this has been completely unsuccessful.  This suggests that there is some relationship between eye color and the ability to receive memories, and it may very well be that this was the basis of the choice of Jonas as the Receiver. We do know enough about genetics to know that traits are sometimes "bundled" together, and this makes this a plausible interpretation of what the eye color is meant to represent in the story.  When Jonas runs away from the community to Elsewhere, his choice to take Gabe is not only to rescue him from release, but also because Gabe is the only person with whom he can share memories.  Gabe is his soul-mate in some way, and there might even be a biological connection, since Jonas has no way of knowing who his or Gabe's birth parents were. 

Thus, the light color of Jonas and Gabe's eyes represents a departure from Sameness and it is reasonable to infer that their eyes also represent the ability to receive memories.  They do not fit in to the community, and throughout the entire story, the stage is being set for their leaving. 

`cos(2x) - cos(x) = 0` Find the exact solutions of the equation in the interval [0, 2pi).

`cos(2x)-cos(x)=0 , 0<=x<=2pi`

using the identity `cos(2x)=2cos^2(x)-1`

`cos(2x)-cos(x)=0`

`2cos^2(x)-1-cos(x)=0`

Let cos(x)=y,

`2y^2-y-1=0`

solving using the quadratic formula,

`y=(1+-sqrt((-1)^2-4*2(-1)))/(2*2)`

`y=(1+-sqrt(9))/4=(1+-3)/4=1,-1/2`

`:. cos(x)=1, cos(x)=-1/2`

cos(x)=-1/2

General solutions are,

`x=(2pi)/3+2pin, x=(4pi)/3+2pin`

Solutions for the range `0<=x<=2pi` are,

`x=(2pi)/3 , x=(4pi)/3`

cos(x)=1

General solutions are,

`x=0+2pin`

solutions for the range `0<=x<=2pi`  are,

`x=0 , x=2pi`

combine all the solutions ,

`x=0, x=2pi , x=(2pi)/3 , x=(4pi)/3`

`cos(2x)-cos(x)=0 , 0<=x<=2pi`

using the identity `cos(2x)=2cos^2(x)-1`

`cos(2x)-cos(x)=0`

`2cos^2(x)-1-cos(x)=0`

Let cos(x)=y,

`2y^2-y-1=0`

solving using the quadratic formula,

`y=(1+-sqrt((-1)^2-4*2(-1)))/(2*2)`

`y=(1+-sqrt(9))/4=(1+-3)/4=1,-1/2`

`:. cos(x)=1, cos(x)=-1/2`

cos(x)=-1/2

General solutions are,

`x=(2pi)/3+2pin, x=(4pi)/3+2pin`

Solutions for the range `0<=x<=2pi` are,

`x=(2pi)/3 , x=(4pi)/3`

cos(x)=1

General solutions are,

`x=0+2pin`

solutions for the range `0<=x<=2pi`  are,

`x=0 , x=2pi`

combine all the solutions ,

`x=0, x=2pi , x=(2pi)/3 , x=(4pi)/3`

Can you help me out regarding my thesis? I still cannot choose a topic, but I have already an idea: I like to link the learning styles of a...

Actually, learning style and motivation are closely linked in any discipline. In language learning, for example, whether the student learns from a grammatical or from a vocabulary standpoint will depend on why the student is learning a language. If the motivation is to read in that language, the syntax, declension, conjugation, etc. is vitally important, but if the motivation is to travel in another country, it might be enough to build a vocabulary of useful...

Actually, learning style and motivation are closely linked in any discipline. In language learning, for example, whether the student learns from a grammatical or from a vocabulary standpoint will depend on why the student is learning a language. If the motivation is to read in that language, the syntax, declension, conjugation, etc. is vitally important, but if the motivation is to travel in another country, it might be enough to build a vocabulary of useful words with a mere touch of grammar – Where is the train station? Can you recommend a good restaurant? What does the word ---- mean? Etc. For your thesis statement, then, postulate two (or more) learning styles and parallel them to two ( or more) motives. If a person has a learning style of intense concentration but short attention span, his motivation should be to pick up a lot of a language’s vocabulary. But if a person’s learning style is to examine the structure and interactions of things, then he/she should have as a motivation the translation and interpretation of pieces of literature in the language. Make your thesis statement articulate the important relationship between the two elements – learning styles and motivation – then illustrate some combinations, in several disciplines. Hope this helps.

What are some examples of deceptive appearances in To Kill a Mockingbird?

The character who most illustrates that he is really something different from what people think is Boo Radley.  Boo’s existence is surrounded by rumors and myths that Scout and Jem have heard their entire lives.  Supposedly, Boo sneaks around town peering in windows, he eats cats and squirrels, stabs his mother with a pair of scissors, and his breath will freeze flowers.  His reputation is of epic proportions, and, at first, Scout and Jem believe...

The character who most illustrates that he is really something different from what people think is Boo Radley.  Boo’s existence is surrounded by rumors and myths that Scout and Jem have heard their entire lives.  Supposedly, Boo sneaks around town peering in windows, he eats cats and squirrels, stabs his mother with a pair of scissors, and his breath will freeze flowers.  His reputation is of epic proportions, and, at first, Scout and Jem believe the terrifying stories and rumors about his life.  However, we learn through Boo’s actions that appearances can be deceiving.  He leaves presents for Scout and Jem in the knothole of the tree, he covers Scout with a blanket during Miss Maudie’s fire, and, of course, he saves Jem and Scout’s life at the end of the novel.  He is kind, caring, and loves the children.  He is not the monster the children imagined but a man with problems and issues that we as readers don’t quite understand.

Other examples of how appearances can be deceiving are seen through Mrs. Dubose.  Mrs. Dubose is a symbol of the old, racist South, and her addiction to morphine represents the South’s “addiction” to racism.  Before she dies, she wants to kick her habit.  When we first meet Mrs. Dubose, she calls Atticus a derogatory word for defending Tom Robinson.  Jem is so angry that he destroys her camellia bush with Scout’s baton.  Atticus makes Jem read to Mrs. Dubose as she slowly goes through withdrawals from the effects of her morphine addiction.  In the end, we realize Mrs. Dubose’s strength to change her life before she dies, and her attempts to thank Jem by sending him a camellia flower.  The original characterization of Mrs. Dubose by Harper Lee is different from what the reader ends up believing about her.

Other characters you could put on the list of how appearances can be deceiving are Dolphus Raymond who people think is an alcoholic but isn’t, and Mr. Underwood whose original racist attitudes change when he protects Atticus from the lynch mob and when he writes an editorial supporting Tom Robinson’s innocence.

Describe Banquo's and Macbeth's reactions to the witches in Shakespeare's Macbeth.

In Act I, Scene 3, when Banquo and Macbeth happen upon the three witches, they are certainly daunted. But, after listening tothem, Macbeth is perplexed by the witches' calling him Thane of Cawdor, then King, while Banquo wonders if he has merely hallucinated.

As Macbeth and Banquo move closer to the three sisters, they tell Banquo that his sons will be kings. Banquo is confused as to whether he has really seen and talked with...

In Act I, Scene 3, when Banquo and Macbeth happen upon the three witches, they are certainly daunted. But, after listening tothem, Macbeth is perplexed by the witches' calling him Thane of Cawdor, then King, while Banquo wonders if he has merely hallucinated.

As Macbeth and Banquo move closer to the three sisters, they tell Banquo that his sons will be kings. Banquo is confused as to whether he has really seen and talked with these three sisters, or whether he has only hallucinated because he has heard them already call Macbeth king, and now they tell him his sons will be kings. After the witches disappear, Banquo asks Macbeth,

Were such things here as we do speak about?
Or have we eaten on the insane root
That takes the reason prisoner? (1.2.83-85)

Macbeth tends to give credence to what the "weird [meaning Destiny-serving] sisters" since they have predicted for him that he would become Thane of Cawdor and he has. But, Banquo argues that the preternatural creatures may have told some truths in order to win them over so that they will do harm to themselves:

The instruments of darkness tell us truths.
Win us with honest trifles, to betray's
In deepest consequence. (1.3.133-135) 

Still, Macbeth is not convinced. To him, fantasy and reality may be equal. At any rate, he likes the idea that chance may make him King without his having to do anything. So, he decides to think more about what he has heard, and he suggests that Banquo and he ponder what they have witnessed and later they may speak their minds to each other.

What more do we learn about Aunt Alexandra after Atticus and Calpurnia leave?

Aunt Alexandra hosts a missionary tea party in chapter 24. During these missionary teas the women discuss how they can help others in the community to behave more like Christians--especially those in the black community. After the business is discussed, it's customary for the hostess to invite her neighbors over for refreshments. This means that everyone is over at the Finch's when Atticus comes home early from work. He goes straight to the kitchen to find Calpurnia because he needs her to accompany him to Helen Robinson's house to inform her of her husband's death.

After Atticus and Calpurnia leave, both Scout and Aunt Alexandra are overwhelmed with the situation. In the next room, the women are talking disrespectfully about the Robinson family and indirectly criticising Atticus for defending Tom in the recent trial. Scout is trembling and Aunt Alexandra says the following:

"I can't say I approve of everything he does, Maudie, but he's my brother, and I just want to know when this will ever end. . . It tears him to pieces. He doesn't show it much, but it tears him to pieces. I've seen him when--what else do they want from him Maudie, what else?" (236).

The above passage helps us to learn that even though Alexandra seems to be this tough and strict woman, she is at her wits end with the stress and strain that the Tom Robinson case has placed on Atticus and the whole family. Miss Maudie gives Aunt Alexandra a pep talk about how Atticus was the only man who could have pulled off that trial the way he did. Then she tells her to pull herself together and get back out there to her guests. Aunt Alexandra does so gracefully and Scout is so impressed that she says the following:

"Aunt Alexandra looked across the room at me and smiled. She looked at a tray of cookies on the table and nodded at them. I carefully picked up the tray and watched myself walk to Mrs. Merriweather. With my best company manners, I asked her if she would have some. After all, if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I" (237).

Scout learns that Aunt Alexandra is prone to a meltdown once in awhile, but she will also pick herself up quickly and get back out there in the end. Aunt Alexandra has strengths and weaknesses like the rest of them, but she will always choose to be a lady in the end.

How do Don Pedro, Leonato, and Claudio trick Benedick into loving Beatrice?

In Act II, Scene 3, of Much Ado About Nothing, Don Pedro, Claudio, and Leonato successfully “trick” Benedick into falling in love with Beatrice. Benedick has “railed so long against marriage,” including marriage to Beatrice. However, his three friends quite easily make him fall for Beatrice by pretending that Beatrice is in love with him. They make sure that Benedick is around to hear their staged conversation, which they pretend to speak in secret.

...

In Act II, Scene 3, of Much Ado About Nothing, Don Pedro, Claudio, and Leonato successfully “trick” Benedick into falling in love with Beatrice. Benedick has “railed so long against marriage,” including marriage to Beatrice. However, his three friends quite easily make him fall for Beatrice by pretending that Beatrice is in love with him. They make sure that Benedick is around to hear their staged conversation, which they pretend to speak in secret.

The men claim that Beatrice pines for Benedick but will never show her affection for him because he is so critical of women and marriage. They insist on keeping the secret because Benedick would “make but a sport of it and torment the poor lady worse,” further convincing Benedick that this is a clandestine conversation. Don Pedro expresses his admiration for Beatrice, likely inspiring jealousy in Benedick. The men also attempt to explain why Beatrice treats Benedick so harshly:

… she says she will die, if he love her not, and she will die, ere she make her love known, and she will die, if he woo her, rather than she will bate one breath of her accustomed crossness.

Benedick very quickly decides to fall in love with Beatrice. Of course, there are some hints at an affection between the two. They are very familiar with each other, for Beatrice says to Benedick, “I know you of old.” He also randomly protests against marrying her when no one suggests it to him, indicating that it is somehow on his mind, and he finds her much more beautiful than Hero, the object of Claudio’s love. Therefore, the three men perhaps do not so much as trick Benedick into loving Beatrice as force him to admit his feelings for her.