Why do you think the Framers devoted so much of the Constitution to the legislative branch?

I would argue that the Framers of the Constitution devoted so much of the Constitution to the legislative branch because they wanted it to be the dominant branch of government.  They wanted this because they would have believed that it was the least likely to tyrannize the people.

The Framers were very worried about tyrannical government.  They felt that the British government had been tyrannical and they did not want another such government.  They knew...

I would argue that the Framers of the Constitution devoted so much of the Constitution to the legislative branch because they wanted it to be the dominant branch of government.  They wanted this because they would have believed that it was the least likely to tyrannize the people.

The Framers were very worried about tyrannical government.  They felt that the British government had been tyrannical and they did not want another such government.  They knew that they had to make their national government stronger than it had been under the Articles of Confederation, but they did not want it to be too strong or too able to act decisively.  One way to achieve this was to give Congress the bulk of the power.

The Framers most certainly did not want the executive branch to dominate the government.  If the president came to dominate, he (they surely were not thinking a woman would ever hold office) would become like a king.  Therefore, they wanted the legislative branch to be the strongest branch.  It included representatives from all of the states and therefore could speak for the whole population.  It had many more members and those members were divided into two houses, both of which had to agree in order to pass any laws.  In other words, A) the legislative branch was more representative of the people than any other branch and B) it was harder to gain consensus within that branch than within either of the other branches.

For these reasons, the Framers thought it was safer to place more power in the hands of the legislative branch than with either of the other branches.  Because they wanted this branch to dominate, they devoted more of the Constitution to it.

What theme is highlighted in this excerpt from “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell? Rainsford remembered the shots. They had come from...

Quote:  “Rainsford remembered the shots. They had come from the right, and doggedly he swam in that direction, swimming with slow, deliberate strokes, conserving his strength. For a seemingly endless time he fought the sea.”

The answer would be, B, perseverance.  Perseverance means “steadfastness in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success” (dictionary.com).  If you look at some of the context clues or some of the other words the author uses in the...

Quote:  “Rainsford remembered the shots. They had come from the right, and doggedly he swam in that direction, swimming with slow, deliberate strokes, conserving his strength. For a seemingly endless time he fought the sea.”

The answer would be, B, perseverance.  Perseverance means “steadfastness in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success” (dictionary.com).  If you look at some of the context clues or some of the other words the author uses in the excerpt, you can determine the main theme or an important characteristic to describe Rainsford’s behavior. 

First of all, Rainsford “doggedly” swam.  According to vocabulary.com, doggedly means “tenaciously or with strong determination.”  This one word shows that the theme is perseverance and that Rainsford doesn’t give up despite the difficult task of swimming to shore.  He also swims slowly with “deliberate strokes” showing that he is pacing himself to conserve his energy.  He is focused on the goal of reaching shore and knows that if he panics, he will probably drown.  And finally, “For a seemingly endless time he fought the sea.”  Again, this shows his perseverance in not giving up despite the difficulty of swimming in the sea.  All of these context clues gives us the theme, perseverance. 

Throughout the story, we see that Rainsford has survived many dangerous situations.  He fought in WWI, is a big game hunter stalking dangerous animals, and of course, the “dangerous game” he plays with Zaroff solidifies that Rainsford is a man who perseveres and doesn’t give up easily. 

How to do IUPAC naming of cyclic compounds?

To name cyclic compounds, you want to first count how many carbons are in the circle and simply add cyclo- as a prefix. For example, a cyclic alkane with 3 carbons is named cyclopropane, 4 carbons is cyclobutane, 5 carbons is cyclopentane, etc.

If there are any functional groups on the cyclic compound, then the carbons with the circle will be numbered so that the functional groups have the lowest numbers possible. For multiple functional...

To name cyclic compounds, you want to first count how many carbons are in the circle and simply add cyclo- as a prefix. For example, a cyclic alkane with 3 carbons is named cyclopropane, 4 carbons is cyclobutane, 5 carbons is cyclopentane, etc.

If there are any functional groups on the cyclic compound, then the carbons with the circle will be numbered so that the functional groups have the lowest numbers possible. For multiple functional groups, name the groups in alphabetical order, not in the order of the numbered carbon chains. For example, 2-bromo-1-chloro-3-methylcyclopentane. If there is only 1 functional group, the "1" can be omitted because it is assumed the functional group is on carbon 1, eg. bromohexane.

If the cyclic compound is not the longest carbon chain, simply name as above, but change the suffix to -yl to denote it as a side chain. For example, 2-cyclopentyldecane. This also applies if there are multiple cyclic compounds linked together - the smaller circle will be named as a side chain.

Other than these exceptions, the normal rules of IUPAC naming apply for double bonds, triple bonds, cis/trans stereochemistry, and other functional group suffixes such as -ol for alcohols, -al for aldehydes, -amine for amines, -one for ketones, and -oic acid for carboxylic acids.

What is the theme of Chapter 19 in The Story of My Life?

I believe the theme of this chapter in Helen Keller’s memoir is “Triumph over many challenges.” Here she tells the story of how difficult it was for her to complete her college preparatory work. She began these studies at the Cambridge School for Young Ladies in October 1896, under the leadership of principal Arthur Gilman. Through the use of special embossed textbooks, a Braille typewriter, and Anne Sullivan’s signing fingers, Helen was able to do...

I believe the theme of this chapter in Helen Keller’s memoir is “Triumph over many challenges.” Here she tells the story of how difficult it was for her to complete her college preparatory work. She began these studies at the Cambridge School for Young Ladies in October 1896, under the leadership of principal Arthur Gilman. Through the use of special embossed textbooks, a Braille typewriter, and Anne Sullivan’s signing fingers, Helen was able to do well. When her second year started in the fall of 1897, however, more obstacles arose. No embossed textbooks were ready on time. The classes were too large for personal instruction to be given to Helen. Most of the subject matter was a form of mathematics, which was something she struggled with. And then Mr. Gilman announced that he thought she was overworked and should stay on there for a few more years. In defiance, Helen’s mother withdrew her and her sister Mildred from the school. Helen instead began independent study under Merton S. Keith of Cambridge. Through him she finished learning algebra, geometry, Greek, and Latin. In June 1899, she was scheduled to take her exams to get into Radcliffe College. Anne Sullivan was not allowed to help her, but Mr. Vining from the Perkins Institute did instead. Unfortunately, he used the American Braille system and Helen had used the English version, so she quickly had to be schooled in the differences in order to take the examinations. Nevertheless, she overcame all of these obstacles and passed the tests. Hers is an amazing story.

Why did the economy in the South rely on slave labor?

There are reasons why the economy in the South relied on slave labor. The South was mainly an agricultural region. The climate was very suited for farming, and the soil was very fertile. As farming grew in the South, southern farmers brought in slaves to do the work. An important factor in this development was the invention of the cotton gin.

Before the cotton gin was invented, most cotton was grown near the coast. This...

There are reasons why the economy in the South relied on slave labor. The South was mainly an agricultural region. The climate was very suited for farming, and the soil was very fertile. As farming grew in the South, southern farmers brought in slaves to do the work. An important factor in this development was the invention of the cotton gin.

Before the cotton gin was invented, most cotton was grown near the coast. This long-staple cotton was a profitable crop, and the seeds could easily be separated by machine. The short-staple cotton crop was grown inland, and the seeds had to be separated by hand. Once the cotton gin was invented, cotton could be grown anywhere, and the seeds could be separated by using machines. This led to an explosion in cotton growing in the South, as plenty of lands was available for growing cotton. This led to an increased demand for slaves. Growing cotton was very profitable, as southern cotton was in big demand in Europe. The southerners believed their economy could not survive without slaves. They believed there would be a collapse of their economy if slavery ended. As a result, southerners fiercely fought to maintain slavery and to work for the spread of it to other regions where farming was done.

Gawande, A. (2012). Big Med: Restaurant chains have managed to combine quality control, cost control, and innovation. Can health care? (Links to...

To an average reader who is not entirely familiar with the way that health care institutions are rescued from an unstable marker, the article may proof a bit misleading from the start.

First, the author spends a considerable amount of time talking about a comparable industry that also sells goods and services while closely watching for costs and quality: the food industry.

The article starts by explaining the dynamics of consumerism (cost control), culinary tendencies, food preparation techniques (quality control) , and the different ways to get the goods (innovation) in the Cheesecake Factory corporation. While this is an excellent way to break the ice and keep the attention of the reader, there was an excessive amount of detail involved in the description of the dishes, in the dialogue with the waiters, and in the celebration of the food. 

That, suddenly switched to the central question: What if the health care industry packaged its goods and services options in the same manner as The Cheesecake Factory. This means, can the health care industry provide goods and services that are made "from scratch" (with the recipient in mind), made into a variety of ways, be widely available, and from a selection that is sure to please everyone. 

Then the author continues to get into more information regarding The Cheesecake Factory that could have been left out, if the central topic is to re-focus on how the healthcare industries conduct their business. For example, take a look at this paragraph and tell  me how can it possibly tie in with the gist of what the author is trying to convey?

Factory’s major competitor, Darden, owns Olive Garden, LongHorn Steakhouse, Red Lobster, and the Capital Grille; [..]We can bristle at the idea of chains and mass production, with their homogeneity, predictability, and constant genuflection to the value-for-money god.

This is where it becomes tangential and very hard for a student of the matter to read. 

Then you spend a bad night in a “quaint” “one of a kind” bed-and-breakfast that turns out to have a manic, halitoxic innkeeper who can’t keep the hot water running, and it’s right back to the Hyat.

The author makes a crass assumption that readers will relate universally to an experience in a Hyatt hotel, or elsewhere. I, myself, have never stayed in a Hyatt, as I am a Marriott and Hilton loyalty customer. I have not stayed at a Bed and Breakfast either, so I do not know the difference. The author must have been told at some point that the writing needs to have a lighter side to be digestible. The problem is that the lighter side went on to an extreme lightness. In not so many words, the details are unnecessary. 

After this point, the author keeps attempting to make the point of offering more varied and effective goods and services in the industry, watching specifically for the variables mentioned before, of cost control, quality control and innovation.

The narrative was going well until, once again, the author waxed into another allegorical Cheesecake Factory and Darden group restaurants scenario. We know that the idea is to juxtapose the two industries. For once, to analyze how the food industry watches out for its products with a vigilant focus on quality and price. Then, to see how the healthcare industry can do the same thing following the same formulaic process.

It works fine, but the article continues to move across the food and the health industry in a way that blurs the lines and does  not allow the reader to really focus on what they really need to know. 

In all, the article is interesting, to say the least, but the confusing part stems from the excessive details on how the food industry does things. We want to focus more on the health industry and perhaps add snippets of other industries' protocols. 

In Fahrenheit 451, when Montag visits Faber, Faber calls himself a coward. Why? In what way has he acted cowardly?

In their conversation, Faber tells Montag that, long ago, he noticed how the authorities (government, firemen, etc.) were beginning to become more oppressive. He says "I saw the way things were going, a long time back. I said nothing." Faber is a college professor. He is/was knowledgeable about dystopian narratives, the ways in which authorities can oppress and/or brainwash citizens, so he would have been able to recognize events shifting towards a more oppressive state....

In their conversation, Faber tells Montag that, long ago, he noticed how the authorities (government, firemen, etc.) were beginning to become more oppressive. He says "I saw the way things were going, a long time back. I said nothing." Faber is a college professor. He is/was knowledgeable about dystopian narratives, the ways in which authorities can oppress and/or brainwash citizens, so he would have been able to recognize events shifting towards a more oppressive state. Therefore, Faber (with this knowledge) felt he had a responsibility to speak out and protest this shift toward a more oppressive state where books are banned. Since he did nothing, Faber considers himself to be a coward. He adds that when books started being burned he "grunted" at first but no one would grunt (protest) with him, so he stopped. 

Faber has basically hidden in his home, hiding his open-minded thoughts in his own imagination. While secluded, he has developed the radio device that he will use to communicate with Montag. Again, he calls himself a coward for developing a device that will allow him to stay hidden in his home while someone else can go out into the world to secretly challenge the status quo. He tells Montag: 

Do you hate me for this electronic cowardice of mine? Here I am sending you out into the night, while I stay behind the lines with my damned ears listening for you to get your head chopped off. 

`bbu = 2bbi, bbv = bbj` Find (a) `bbu + bbv`, (b) `bbu - bbv`, and (c) `2bbu - 3bbv`.

You need to evaluate the sum of two vectors,u+v, hence you need to perform the addition of the same versors, such that:

u = 2i + 0j

v = 0i + j

u + v = (2+0)i + (0+1)j

u + v = 2i+j

Hence, evaluating the sum u + v yields u + v = 2i+j.

You need to evaluate the difference of two vectors,u-v, hence you need to perform the subtraction of the...

You need to evaluate the sum of two vectors,u+v, hence you need to perform the addition of the same versors, such that:

u = 2i + 0j

v = 0i + j

u + v = (2+0)i + (0+1)j

u + v = 2i+j

Hence, evaluating the sum u + v yields u + v = 2i+j.

You need to evaluate the difference of two vectors,u-v, hence you need to perform the subtraction of the same versors, such that:

u = 2i + 0j

v = 0i + j

u - v = (2-0)i + (0-1)j

u - v = 2i-j

Hence, evaluating the difference u - v yields u - v = 2i-j.

You need to evaluate the difference of the vectors,2u-3v, hence you need to perform first the multiplication of each vector with the indicated scalar and then you need to perform the subtraction of the same versors, such that:

u = 2i + 0j => 2u = 4i + 0j 

v = 0i + j => 3v = 0i + 3j

2u - 3v = 4i + 0j - 0i - 3j => 2u - 3v = 4i - 3j

Hence, evaluating the difference 2u - 3v yields 2u - 3v = 4i - 3j.

In "The Devil and Tom Walker," what does the Walkers' home say about their personalities and values?

Early in the short story, Tom Walker and his wife are both described as miserable. Even though they didn't have a lot, they both hid what they could from each other. 

Although Tom was described as "meager, miserly" and "a cheat" by Washington Irving, his evil personality didn't compare to his wife's. She was described as a woman that involved herself in a lot of quarrels. According to Irving, Tom's wife was "a tall termagant,...

Early in the short story, Tom Walker and his wife are both described as miserable. Even though they didn't have a lot, they both hid what they could from each other. 

Although Tom was described as "meager, miserly" and "a cheat" by Washington Irving, his evil personality didn't compare to his wife's. She was described as a woman that involved herself in a lot of quarrels. According to Irving, Tom's wife was "a tall termagant, fierce of temper, loud of tongue, and strong of arm." The author even indicates to readers that marks on Tom's face proved that Tom's wife didn't just use words in her arguments, but also her hands. 

Their values were focused on material things and far from love and kindness. However, they didn't take care of what they mutually had, such as their home (that was described as run-down) and their horse (that was described as miserable and starved). They placed more value on hiding material objects than sharing them with each other.  

What is a good way to conclude an essay about Othello?

When it comes to writing an essay, the conclusion paragraph's function is to summarize and definitively prove your argument. To explain how to conclude an essay, it's important to understand how to begin and conduct the rest of the essay as well. 

Introduction Paragraph: Your introduction should capture the audience's attention with some sort of statement, question, or quotation relating to the major ideas addressed in your essay. This will guide their frame of reference...

When it comes to writing an essay, the conclusion paragraph's function is to summarize and definitively prove your argument. To explain how to conclude an essay, it's important to understand how to begin and conduct the rest of the essay as well. 

Introduction Paragraph: Your introduction should capture the audience's attention with some sort of statement, question, or quotation relating to the major ideas addressed in your essay. This will guide their frame of reference as you introduce the text itself, and then introduce the argument you plan on making about the text. Be sure that your thesis statement is argumentative so that you can spend the rest of the essay proving it, not just summarizing the text. 

Supporting Paragraphs: Each supporting paragraph should have its own distinct topic that serves to prove your overall argument. That means that each paragraph could, in theory, be its own tiny essay about its own tiny argument, but in reality, combining them proves the large argument that your thesis claims is true. 

Concluding Paragraph: When writing a concluding paragraph, it is best to follow this basic structure. 

1. Restate your thesis. Do not repeat it, but rephrase it. Remind your reader what your initial claim was. 


2. Summarize the arguments you proved in your different body paragraphs. Try to stick to something like chronological order, and be sure that you show how each body paragraph's argument related to the others. 


3. End with a conclusive, resounding statement that leaves no doubt in your reader's mind that your claim is correct. This could be an idiom, a quotation, an observation, a rhetorical question, or any other statement that has the effect of rendering your argument final. 

What does Ismene mean when she says, "We are only women, we can't fight with men"?

When Ismene speaks of women's weaknesses and how this makes them incapable of fighting with men, she communicates a traditional view of women in society.

Antigone has asked Ismene to help her break the law in giving a proper burial for their brother.  Ismene knows that doing so means breaking the law that Creon has established.  When she tells Antigone that "We are only women, we can't fight with men," it conveys Ismene's view of women...

When Ismene speaks of women's weaknesses and how this makes them incapable of fighting with men, she communicates a traditional view of women in society.

Antigone has asked Ismene to help her break the law in giving a proper burial for their brother.  Ismene knows that doing so means breaking the law that Creon has established.  When she tells Antigone that "We are only women, we can't fight with men," it conveys Ismene's view of women in society. Ismene believes that women are not in the position to question the laws that men have made.  She does not think that women have the strength to challenge the patriarchal authoritarian structure.  Ismene believes that it is not their place as sisters to "go against the king's decree and strength outside the law." She believes that the lack of power women hold in society would make it pointless for them to challenge this structure.  Ismene hopes to dissuade Antigone from proceeding with her plans. She seeks to do so by reminding Antigone of the place that women occupy in Greek society.  

In suggesting that they are "only women," Ismene embraces a traditional view of women in society.  This is in stark contrast to Antigone, who has no problem in breaking what she sees as an unjust law.  Ismene's appeal to her sister is based on the idea that women are better off not questioning a system that does not treat them well.  

Redistributive policies are relatively rare because A. the United States is not a socialist country. B. there is little need for them. C. those...

Redistributive policies are policies that take money from one group and give it to another group.  The point of redistributive policies is to increase economic equality.  It is meant to take money from the people who are relatively rich and give it to those who are relatively poor.

Of course, rich people tend not to like these policies.  They feel that redistributive policies take money that they have earned through their hard work and give...

Redistributive policies are policies that take money from one group and give it to another group.  The point of redistributive policies is to increase economic equality.  It is meant to take money from the people who are relatively rich and give it to those who are relatively poor.

Of course, rich people tend not to like these policies.  They feel that redistributive policies take money that they have earned through their hard work and give it to people who do not work hard.  In our system, the rich have more influence over politics than the poor.  They can give money to candidates and political parties so as to have their voices heard.  Because the rich do not like redistributive policies and because they have more political influence than the poor, the US has relatively few redistributive policies.

What does Montag suddenly realize about Beatty after he is dead?

After Montag shot Beatty with his flamethrower, he hobbles through the city until he falls face first on the ground. While lying on the ground, he realizes that "Beatty wanted to die."(Bradbury 116) Montag believes Captain Beatty wanted to die because he just stood there and dared Montag to shoot him. Montag finds it strange that Beatty would make fun of an armed man and continue making derogatory comments towards him, instead of...

After Montag shot Beatty with his flamethrower, he hobbles through the city until he falls face first on the ground. While lying on the ground, he realizes that "Beatty wanted to die." (Bradbury 116) Montag believes Captain Beatty wanted to die because he just stood there and dared Montag to shoot him. Montag finds it strange that Beatty would make fun of an armed man and continue making derogatory comments towards him, instead of keeping his mouth shut and trying to escape the situation. Montag's belief that Beatty wanted to die goes deeper into understanding the psychology of Captain Beatty. Captian Beatty was a "walking contradiction" and Montag knew it. Beatty was well-read and educated, yet was the foremost opponent of the literary movement. Beatty more than likely was struggling with deep-seeded, internal issues that dealt with literature and living in a censored society. Such conflicting traits can manifest into irrational life decisions, like the one Captain Beatty made in front of Montag. Bradbury does not explicitly state whether or not Beatty actually wanted to die, but his conflicting personality traits and irrational decision making suggests he may have had a death wish.

In the book, Animal Farm, by George Orwell, what broke up the meeting?

The 'meeting' you refer to is the one called by Old Major, Mr Jones' prize white boar, at the beginning of the novel. He had had a strange dream the previous night and wanted to convey its message to all the animals, so decided to call a meeting as soon as Mr Jones was out of the way. It was to be held in the big barn. All the animals respected Old Major and were keen to hear what he had to say and quite willing to lose an hour's sleep to do so.

Before Old Major spoke about his dream, he wished to impart an important message which was quite clear: the animals were forcibly subjugated by Man's tyranny and were but slaves, manipulated and exploited because of Man's greed. Man was the animals' greatest enemy and they had to get rid of him to gain freedom and equality.

Old Major urged the animals to rebel against Man and once they were successful in this, to adopt seven maxims by which they were to live. This was to ensure that they did not adopt Man's corrupt habits and lived in prosperity and peace. Life without Man would be a nirvana for the animals.

Major then came to his dream and told them about a song which it reminded him of. It was a tune which had been taught as a child, which had become lost in memory, but was revived in the dream. The title was, 'Beasts of England' and it should become an anthem for their future rebellion and after. The song conveyed the idealistic state the animals would live in once Man was gone.

Once the lyrics had been grasped, the animals burst out into song in unison, each loudly singing the anthem in its own way. The commotion, however, woke Mr Jones who thought that there might be a fox in the yard.

He seized the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom, and let fly a charge of number 6 shot into the darkness. The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly. Everyone fled to his own sleeping-place. The birds jumped on to their perches, the animals settled down in the straw, and the whole farm was asleep in a moment.

The meeting was therefore disturbed and broken up by Mr Jones firing his gun and, since the animals feared him, they all fled to their respective sleeping places and once they were settled down, quickly fell asleep. It was as if the meeting had never happened.

Name three reasons, using quotes from the novel, that display how Scout is discriminated against.

Throughout the novel, Scout gets discriminated by various characters for many reasons. Scout is often discriminated because of her gender. Jem is constantly making negative remarks regarding her gender when Scout is acting like the stereotypical "girl." In Chapter 4, when Scout crashes the tire in the Radley yard and refuses to go back and retrieve it, Jem says, "Scout, sometimes you act so much like a girl it's mortifyin'." (Lee 50) Later on in...

Throughout the novel, Scout gets discriminated by various characters for many reasons. Scout is often discriminated because of her gender. Jem is constantly making negative remarks regarding her gender when Scout is acting like the stereotypical "girl." In Chapter 4, when Scout crashes the tire in the Radley yard and refuses to go back and retrieve it, Jem says, "Scout, sometimes you act so much like a girl it's mortifyin'." (Lee 50) Later on in the chapter, when Atticus questions the children about their "game," Scout tells Jem that she thinks Atticus knows they are depicting Boo Radley's life story. Scout says, "Jem told me I was being a girl, that girls always imagined things, that's why other people hated them so, and if I started behaving like one I could just go off and find some to play with." (Lee 54)

Scout also gets discriminated because she is the daughter of Atticus, who is the lawyer defending Tom Robinson. Racial prejudice is commonplace in 1930's Alabama, and Tom Robinson is an African American accused of raping a white woman. Many community members, like Mrs. Dubose, view the Finches with disdain because of Atticus' decision to defend a black man. Mrs. Dubose tells Scout, "Your father's no better than the niggers and trash he works for." (Lee 135) In school, Cecil Jacobs tells Scout, "My folks said your daddy was a disgrace an' that nigger oughta hang from the water-tank!" (Lee 102) Scout struggles to maintain her composure in the face of such derogatory remarks.

Scout also gets discriminated because of her rough, "tomboyish" lifestyle. Aunt Alexandra views Scout with contempt because of her "boyish" traits. Scout mentions that Alexandra said, "I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches." (Lee 108) Aunt Alexandra wants Scout to act like the prototypical Southern female who is interested in social gatherings.

Scrooge asks the spirit to show him tenderness connected to a death. What does the spirit show him?

After the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come shows Scrooge the scene with the thieves who have callously stolen possessions from the dead man's home, even including the shirt he was laid out in (!!), he asks to be shown someone who feels some emotion as a result of this death.  The spirit then shows him a young couple who feels relieved, even happy, that the man has died because it means that they will...

After the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come shows Scrooge the scene with the thieves who have callously stolen possessions from the dead man's home, even including the shirt he was laid out in (!!), he asks to be shown someone who feels some emotion as a result of this death.  The spirit then shows him a young couple who feels relieved, even happy, that the man has died because it means that they will have longer to repay the loan they received from him, a loan which they knew he would never extend.  Thus, from a scene of dispassion, to a scene of relative happiness, Scrooge asks for tenderness connected with any death, and the spirit shows him the Crachit family after Tiny Tim dies. 

The sight of the Crachits mourning Tim really contrasts with what Scrooge saw before: here's this small child who's lived a relatively short amount of time, and he's had such a major effect on his family -- he is loved for his goodness and his generosity of spirit.  As opposed to Tiny Tim, however, the first man lived a relatively long life and it seems that the only happiness he's brought anyone is in his death.  The juxtaposition of these three scenes throws the worthlessness of Scrooge's own life thus far into sharp relief.

What are some themes that relate to women's emancipation?

You have several different possible approaches to choose from. Are you specifically focusing on female authors? A Tale of Gengi is widely considered the first novel ever written, and its author, Murasaki Shikibu, was a woman. With her tale of the Japanese imperial court, Murasaki showed the ladies of the court in a sympathetic light that might never have occurred to a male author.

Are you looking for groundbreaking female characters by male authors? Tess...

You have several different possible approaches to choose from. Are you specifically focusing on female authors? A Tale of Gengi is widely considered the first novel ever written, and its author, Murasaki Shikibu, was a woman. With her tale of the Japanese imperial court, Murasaki showed the ladies of the court in a sympathetic light that might never have occurred to a male author.

Are you looking for groundbreaking female characters by male authors? Tess of the d'Urbervilles might be a good starting point, Thomas Hardy's novel about a woman's struggles with class, fate and family. Several plays by George Bernard Shaw deal with women's concerns at the dawn of the suffragette movement (Candida, Major Barbara and Pygmalion come quickly to mind).

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is often bruited as a feminist statement, mainly because it was an early popular novel by a female author. This is troubling, because the book has no actual female characters (Elizabeth was a plot device and poor Safie was barely even that). Something by Jane Austen or Louisa May Alcott might be more on point.

Perhaps the best book about female emancipation written by a female author is The Color Purple by Alice Walker, about a woman who has an awful LOT to be emancipated from, though you'll need to decide for yourself whether the primary focus is Women's Studies or Black Studies.

The most important questions are: (A) What do you want to say about female emancipation? (B) What novel or play best exemplifies what you want to say?

What are the inciting action and rising action of the play Hamlet?

The inciting action or incident that sets the plot of Hamlet into motion is Hamlet's encounter with his father's ghost. The ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius, Hamlet's uncle and now Denmark's ruler, murdered him, and says that Hamlet must avenge his death. It is not everyday that one encounters a ghost, especially one who delivers such a bombshell as this one does, so a gripping inciting incident starts the drama.

The rising action includes, paradoxically,...

The inciting action or incident that sets the plot of Hamlet into motion is Hamlet's encounter with his father's ghost. The ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius, Hamlet's uncle and now Denmark's ruler, murdered him, and says that Hamlet must avenge his death. It is not everyday that one encounters a ghost, especially one who delivers such a bombshell as this one does, so a gripping inciting incident starts the drama.

The rising action includes, paradoxically, Hamlet's initial inaction, which is integral to how the final tragedy unfolds. A more impulsive character, say a Laertes or a Romeo, would simply rush in, kill the uncle and be done with it, giving the uncle no time to maneuver. Not so Hamlet. He contemplates what has happened. Part of the rising action is his questioning of the motives of the apparition he saw. Was it really his father's ghost telling him the truth or was it a demon tempting him to kill an innocent man? Hamlet's experiment to find out the truth, having actors enact his father's supposed murder in pantomime to gauge Claudius's reaction to it, tips off Claudius, as does Hamlet's mistaken murder of Polonius. Polonius's death also contributes to the rising action by propelling Laertes back to Denmark to kill Hamlet. When Hamlet also appears back in Denmark, having foiled his uncle's plot to have him murdered, the scene is set for the final tragedy. Claudius manipulates Laertes into a duel with Hamlet and introduces poison to tip the balance in favor of Laertes. This leads to the final climax in which the stage ends up strewn with corpses. 

What is the main idea and summary of Swift's "Modest Proposal"?

In "A Modest Proposal," an unnamed narrator suggests that the poor Irish should begin to sell their babies to the rich English as food.  This would provide the Irish with a new source of income, selling something they already have a great deal of anyway.  Further, this would mean that Irish families remain smaller and easier to support, and it would also mean fewer Irish children on the streets, begging for money.  The English would...

In "A Modest Proposal," an unnamed narrator suggests that the poor Irish should begin to sell their babies to the rich English as food.  This would provide the Irish with a new source of income, selling something they already have a great deal of anyway.  Further, this would mean that Irish families remain smaller and easier to support, and it would also mean fewer Irish children on the streets, begging for money.  The English would also get a new food source as well as be able to use the infants' skins for boots and gloves.  Everybody wins!

It is important to note, however, that this proposal is NOT in earnest.  Swift has written this satire in order to point out the terrible situation of the Irish and how the English have figuratively "devoured" the country and its people.  The wealthy English owned approximately 90% of the land in Ireland in 1729 (the year when this "proposal" was published); they raised the rents on the Irish who worked the land, making it impossible for many to both pay rent and support their often large families.  Swift used this proposal to suggest that, if England is willing to figuratively devour the Irish, then they might as well go ahead and literally devour, i.e. eat, them.  To be clear, the narrator believes that this proposal makes perfect sense and is mutually beneficial; Jonathan Swift, the author, does not.  He is ridiculing the English who have behaved so unconscionably as well as the Irish who failed to speak out before the situation got this bad.  Therefore, irony is the primary figure of speech here: the audience is meant to understand that we should not respect the narrator or appreciate his suggestion.

Where does photosynthesis happen? Be specific.

Specifically, organelles known as chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis for green plants and algae. Any part of the plant that appears green contains chloroplasts. They are mainly located in the leaves where most of the photosynthesis occurs.

In the center of the leaf, an area known as the mesophyll contains cells which are packed with chloroplasts. They usually have between 30-50 chloroplasts per cell. 

The structure of the chloroplast is a double membrane...

Specifically, organelles known as chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis for green plants and algae. Any part of the plant that appears green contains chloroplasts. They are mainly located in the leaves where most of the photosynthesis occurs.

In the center of the leaf, an area known as the mesophyll contains cells which are packed with chloroplasts. They usually have between 30-50 chloroplasts per cell. 

The structure of the chloroplast is a double membrane around a thick fluid known as the stroma. In the stroma is an internal membrane system known as the thylakoid. Inside this membrane is a space called the thylakoid space. The thylakoids look like a stack of dinner plates and each "stack" is known as a grana.

The green pigment called chlorophyll can be found in the thylakoid membranes. This pigment absorbs light energy to be used in the photosynthetic reactions.

Photosynthesis begins when light is absorbed by chlorophyll. This energy is used to produce chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Also, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is released out of pores in the leaf called stomates. This occurs during the light reaction.

Next, the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle) occurs. Here, carbon dioxide is fixed when it becomes incorporated into the organic compound of glucose sugar. 

The light reaction occurs in the thylakoid membranes and the Calvin cycle, which is the light-independent reaction, occurs in the stroma. Both of these areas can be found in the chloroplast, the site of photosynthesis.

How did the US Navy get and replace ships for the Pacific fleet after Pearl Harbor was attacked?

There were several factors that allowed the United States Navy to rebuild its fleet so quickly after the devastation of the navy and the rest of the military with the attack on Pearl Harbor. The government made rebuilding the military and supplying the military a priority. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which operated during the Great Depression, was given new responsibilities. It provided loans to businesses to help them convert from peacetime production to wartime production....

There were several factors that allowed the United States Navy to rebuild its fleet so quickly after the devastation of the navy and the rest of the military with the attack on Pearl Harbor. The government made rebuilding the military and supplying the military a priority. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which operated during the Great Depression, was given new responsibilities. It provided loans to businesses to help them convert from peacetime production to wartime production. The government used the cost-plus policy that guaranteed business a profit by covering the cost of making an item with a profit added to that cost. As a result war materials, including ships, were made very quickly.

The government controlled the production of war materials during World War II. The War Production Board established production priorities and set production goals for businesses. The Office of War Mobilization was responsible for resolving any disputes that might arise between government agencies. The government wanted everybody on the same page working toward rebuilding the military in the Pacific and supplying the military in Europe and the Pacific. As a result of swift government action and a coordinated government effort, we were able to get back on our feet militarily faster than anybody or any country expected.

When does Brutus recognize his tragic flaw?

Brutus realized that he committed a mistake by participating in the assassination of Caesar when Caesar’s ghost appeared to him. He acknowledged this omen as a sign confirming his mistake and at that point he decided that it was his time to die (Act V Scene V).

Brutus participated in the assassination of Caesar believing that he was doing the right thing for the republic. He personally stated that he had no personal issues with...

Brutus realized that he committed a mistake by participating in the assassination of Caesar when Caesar’s ghost appeared to him. He acknowledged this omen as a sign confirming his mistake and at that point he decided that it was his time to die (Act V Scene V).

Brutus participated in the assassination of Caesar believing that he was doing the right thing for the republic. He personally stated that he had no personal issues with his friend, but he was afraid that he would turn into a tyrant. After Caesar’s death, the Second Triumvirate comprising of Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus sought to avenge Caesar’s death by pursuing the conspirators. The two groups met at the battle field and it was during this time that the ghost of Caesar appeared to Brutus. Brutus informed his soldiers of his decision to die and asked them to retreat. Brutus then asked Strato who was left behind to hold his sword which he ran against, killing himself. Before he died, he stated that Caesar would be avenged through his suicide, which he was about to commit with motives twice as pure compared to those of the assassination. “Caesar, now be still. / I killed not thee with half so good a will”

Brutus acknowledged his participation in the assassination of Caesar as a mistake because even after Caesar’s death, he was still unable to save the republic.

How does Steinbeck present how women were treated at the time of the Great Depression in Of Mice and Men?

Steinbeck uses the character of Curley's wife to clearly depict how he viewed women during this time period. It was a difficult time, for both men as well as women. Dreams were in abundance, but money and jobs were not. While Lennie and George are able to use their physical abilities to find jobs at local ranches as migrant workers, Curley's wife uses her body to hook Curley. She's described as being attractive and dressing...

Steinbeck uses the character of Curley's wife to clearly depict how he viewed women during this time period. It was a difficult time, for both men as well as women. Dreams were in abundance, but money and jobs were not. While Lennie and George are able to use their physical abilities to find jobs at local ranches as migrant workers, Curley's wife uses her body to hook Curley. She's described as being attractive and dressing to garner attention. This causes her to be labeled as a "tart" by Candy and the other men. They make fun of Curley's behavior as a newly married man, suggesting that he's wearing a glove to please her. She's a flirt, no question about it, but she is also incredibly lonely. 

Later on, Curley's wife also describes her dreams about how she could have made it in Hollywood, but missed out because of her mother. 

"I lived right in Salinas," she said. "Come there when I was a kid. Well, a show come through, an' I met one of the actors. He says I could go with that show. But my ol' lady wouldn' let me. She says because I was on'y fifteen. But the guy says I coulda. If I'd went, I wouldn't be livin' like this, you bet." 

This highlights how lonely she really is. She is married to Curley and thought that it would be a different life than she actually has. Her hopes have been crushed, just like the dreams of many of the men on the ranch. 

Steinbeck isn't really sympathetic to Curley's wife, however. He doesn't give her a name, reducing her to physical attributes, and only softens his treatment and judgement of her in death. Lennie accidentally kills Curley's wife in the same manner as he has killed both the pup and the mice that he has handled. She becomes the instrument of Lennie's demise and the end to George's dreams for his future. 

A rectangle has a base and a height in a ratio of 1:1. a) what is the most specific name for this shape? b) If one side has a length of 5cm, what...

Hello!

a) the most specific name of this shape is a square (a rectangle whose sides are all equal). It is also a quadrilateral, a rectangle, a rhombus and a kite, but they may be not a square while a square is always each of them.

b) it has four equal sides, so the perimeter is 4*5cm=20cm.

c) if one side is 3cm then all others are also 3cm and the area is...

Hello!

a) the most specific name of this shape is a square (a rectangle whose sides are all equal). It is also a quadrilateral, a rectangle, a rhombus and a kite, but they may be not a square while a square is always each of them.

b) it has four equal sides, so the perimeter is 4*5cm=20cm.

c) if one side is 3cm then all others are also 3cm and the area is 3cm*3cm=`9cm^2.`

I believe that the perimeter and the area are simply numbers (with the units of a measure).

What was the American reaction to President Roosevelt securing of the canal zone?

American reaction to President Roosevelt securing the Panama Canal Zone was quite positive. The United States was in an imperialistic mood in the early 1900s. The United States wanted to spread its influence worldwide in the late 1890s and early 1900s. We had just gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. We were also interested in building a canal in Central America.

The United States wanted to be the country that...

American reaction to President Roosevelt securing the Panama Canal Zone was quite positive. The United States was in an imperialistic mood in the early 1900s. The United States wanted to spread its influence worldwide in the late 1890s and early 1900s. We had just gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. We were also interested in building a canal in Central America.

The United States wanted to be the country that built the Panama Canal. People from other countries had tried to do this, but they weren’t successful. We offered Columbia $10 million for the land to build the canal, plus a yearly rent of $250,000. When Columbia refused this offer, we supported a rebellion in Panama against Columbia. When Columbia tried to end the rebellion, our military wouldn’t allow them to end the rebellion. We quickly recognized the independence of Panama and offered them the same deal with Panama that Columbia had refused. The Panamanian government accepted the offer. By building the Panama Canal, we could significantly shorten the time it took to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It also showed American ingenuity at work.

Since the building of the Panama Canal helped reinforce the idea that our country was a world power as well as showing the capability of American business, industry, technology, medicine, and creativity, many Americans were very supportive of our effort to secure the Panama Canal Zone as well as our building of the Panama Canal.

Was Tom Robinson guilty of assaulting and raping Mayella Ewell in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?

Despite the contradicting testimonies of the Ewells and a lack of evidence, Tom Robinson is wrongly convicted of assaulting and raping Mayella Ewell. Mayella Ewell made sexual advances towards Tom Robinson, prompting Tom to run out of her home. Still, Bob Ewell witnessed Mayella kiss Tom, and Bob Ewell proceeded to assault his daughter. Atticus explains in his closing remarks that Mayella felt guilty about breaking the "time-honored code" of not having relations with a...

Despite the contradicting testimonies of the Ewells and a lack of evidence, Tom Robinson is wrongly convicted of assaulting and raping Mayella Ewell. Mayella Ewell made sexual advances towards Tom Robinson, prompting Tom to run out of her home. Still, Bob Ewell witnessed Mayella kiss Tom, and Bob Ewell proceeded to assault his daughter. Atticus explains in his closing remarks that Mayella felt guilty about breaking the "time-honored code" of not having relations with a black man. In order to cover up her offense and protect her father, she falsely accused Tom Robinson of assaulting and raping her. Atticus illuminates the fact that Tom Robinson has a crippled left hand and would not have been able to inflict the serious injuries to the right side of Mayella's face that she has. Mayella's bruises around her neck also indicate that someone with two strong hands choked her. Atticus suggests that Bob Ewell assaulted his daughter in order to punish Mayella for kissing Tom. Although Tom Robinson is not guilty, he becomes another victim of racial injustice after he is wrongly convicted.

What is a quote that describes how/why Mr. Radley locked up Boo Radley after Boo stabbed him in the leg with a pair of scissors?

Towards the end of Chapter 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird, Miss Stephanie tells Jem about Boo Radley and his family. She tells the story of when Boo stabbed his father in the leg, but his father did not press formal charges against him because he did not feel that Boo was a criminal. It is stated that, "the sheriff hadn’t the heart to put him in jail alongside Negroes, so Boo was locked in the...

Towards the end of Chapter 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird, Miss Stephanie tells Jem about Boo Radley and his family. She tells the story of when Boo stabbed his father in the leg, but his father did not press formal charges against him because he did not feel that Boo was a criminal. It is stated that, "the sheriff hadn’t the heart to put him in jail alongside Negroes, so Boo was locked in the courthouse basement" (pg. 11). After some time, however, it was felt that Boo would become ill if he stayed in the damp basement, so his father agreed to have him come home. It is also said that, "nobody knew what form of intimidation Mr. Radley employed to keep Boo out of sight," (pg. 12) which means that Mr. Radley must have been using some sort of fear to keep Boo in line. This is interesting because it seems as if Boo is a young child based on the punishment, but he is actually a grown man by this point in his life. 

symbolism of the light in gothic cathedrals

During the Romanesque period of architecture (just before the Gothic), cathedrals were often very dark because they could only put in small windows due to the weight of the stone and height of the cathedral. At the beginning of the Gothic period, the abbot of St. Denis, Suger (1081-1151), had an idea that the space of worship would have a shape that says something about the nature of God. This led to the darkness inside...

During the Romanesque period of architecture (just before the Gothic), cathedrals were often very dark because they could only put in small windows due to the weight of the stone and height of the cathedral. At the beginning of the Gothic period, the abbot of St. Denis, Suger (1081-1151), had an idea that the space of worship would have a shape that says something about the nature of God. This led to the darkness inside churches begin a big problem. Light has always been a principle of the divine image and it illuminates our way in the world. In the Gospel of John, Jesus calls himself "The Light of the World" (John 8:12). So, if the space for worship must reflect the nature of the God that is to be worshiped, then light is a very important aspect. In fact, it is the very nature of God himself. As far as the problem of the weight of the walls, the architects of the Gothic world found that a pointed arch was more stable, which allowed for bigger windows and higher ceilings. A couple good examples that epitomize the new focus on light are Amiens Cathedral, c. 1218-47, and La Sainte Chapelle, c. 1243-48. 

What is the Impact of Terrorism on Culture and Identity in Salman Rushdie’s Shalimar The Clown?

In Shalimar the Clown, Rushdie shows that the impact of terrorism on culture and identity exists on both political and personal levels.

One of the reasons why Rushdie's work is so effective is because it provides a complex view of terrorism.  The work shows that terrorism's roots are as much personal as they are political.  As a result of existing on multiple levels, terrorism is shown to have a profound impact on culture and identity....

In Shalimar the Clown, Rushdie shows that the impact of terrorism on culture and identity exists on both political and personal levels.

One of the reasons why Rushdie's work is so effective is because it provides a complex view of terrorism.  The work shows that terrorism's roots are as much personal as they are political.  As a result of existing on multiple levels, terrorism is shown to have a profound impact on culture and identity. Rushdie depicts terrorism as part of a new globalized world where “Everywhere was now a part of everywhere else,” and “Everyone’s story was a part of everyone else’s.”  As a result, terrorism is not static.  It is dynamic and it can be felt in so many different areas because it intricately exists in so many different terrains, thereby profoundly impacting culture and identity.

Shalimar embodies the existence of terrorism on multiple levels.  His love of his native Kashmir and Boney are so intensely powerful that when both are ruptured, Rushdie shows how terrorism is both personal and political.  When Shalimar says to Boney, "I’ll kill you and if you have any children by another man I’ll kill the children also,” it shows how the intense passion can be as   destructive as creative. Shalimar's murder of Max operates on both levels.  In Shalimar's mission, Rushdie is able to show how terrorism impacts culture and personal identity.

Rushdie sets side by side the "the beauty of Kashmir" with its "gorgeous terrain and the jovial lifestyle of the villagers of Pachigam" to military occupations that shattered this reality. Rushdie is able to show how terrorism grows from personal hurt into political action.  When Shalimar's mother curses the Indian soldier, it is an action that is cultural and identity- based.  

Rushdie shows that terrorism grows into something political from a seed that is personal.  He shows that terrorism impacts cultural and social identity because it "take beauty and creates hideousness," leaving behind vengeance and anger.  Shalimar's personal vendetta against those who broke his heart helps to fuel his time in terrorist camps.  The ending of the novel where Shalimar hunts down Kashmira Noman is as much political as much as it is personal.  The "virginal blade" that Shalimar reserves for his victim shows the extent to which terrorism impacts culture and identity in the modern setting.

What transcendental philosophies appear in Hawthorne's "The Artist of the Beautiful"?

The notion of creating a spiritual machine seems both at odds with transcendentalism and in agreement with its philosophies. On one hand, the idea of controlling nature or of mastering it is at odds with transcendental themes of respecting nature. On the other hand, engaging spirit with the physical world is exactly what the transcendentalists were after. 

One of the main themes of transcendentalism is espoused in Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance." In this essay, he encourages...

The notion of creating a spiritual machine seems both at odds with transcendentalism and in agreement with its philosophies. On one hand, the idea of controlling nature or of mastering it is at odds with transcendental themes of respecting nature. On the other hand, engaging spirit with the physical world is exactly what the transcendentalists were after. 

One of the main themes of transcendentalism is espoused in Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance." In this essay, he encourages the individual to be skeptical of social institutions. In Hawthorne's story, Owen is skeptical of the social institution of buying and selling. He would much rather pursue the exotic boundlessness of his own imagination than succumb to a mechanical life of fixing watches. Another theme of this essay is to "trust thyself." Everyone in Owen's life (with the exception of Annie) mocks him for spending so much time on his art. Owen has spells of melancholy and depression when he abandons his art. But he continually returns to it, thus remembering his individuality and thereby, he ignores the naysayers who mock him. He always returns to his own subjective intuition, to his own inner voice. This is a hallmark of Transcendentalism and Romanticism, which had some similar beliefs. 

Own also claims that he has given his spirit to the mechanized butterfly. As this is his art, one could say the same of an accomplished poet who has put his soul into his poem. Then that poem will live on for others to read and that spirit, although interpreted differently in subsequent generations, will have a life of its own. Owen's machine is destroyed, so it does not live on in the same way. But for Owen, the magic was in the making. The transcendental effect on him had been the process of giving his spirit to the art of creation. (One might criticize him for not giving his spirit to Annie and sharing his life with her. Owen himself might share this criticism, but in the end, he doesn't let this affect his pride in having achieved his self-described "purpose.") 

Owen also strayed from his teacher, Peter Hovenden. This idea of being bold enough to stray from previous masters, authorities, and tradition is a transcendentalist theme as well. Lastly, Owen's fascination with actual butterflies illustrates his Romantic and Transcendental sensibilities. Both the Romantics and the Transcendentalists stressed the importance of nature and of the individual communing with nature, often in solitude. Owen, despite the prospect of loneliness, pursued his art in order to "live a life of purpose." This phrase comes from Walden, another famous work of Transcendentalism. 

Where does Calpurnia take the children?

While Atticus is away for work in law, Calpurnia is in charge of the children.  When Sunday comes, she wants to take them to church.  So, she along with Jem and Scout go to Calpurnia's church.  It is a black church, which offers Jem and Scout a new experience. 

As soon as they arrive, a woman named Lula opposes them.  She does not like the idea of white children in a black church.  She, therefore,...

While Atticus is away for work in law, Calpurnia is in charge of the children.  When Sunday comes, she wants to take them to church.  So, she along with Jem and Scout go to Calpurnia's church.  It is a black church, which offers Jem and Scout a new experience. 

As soon as they arrive, a woman named Lula opposes them.  She does not like the idea of white children in a black church.  She, therefore, accosts Calpurnia with strong words.  Here is the text:

When Lula came up the pathway toward us Calpurnia said, “Stop right there, nigger.”

Lula stopped, but she said, “You ain’t got no business bringin‘ white chillun here —they got their church, we got our’n. It is our church, ain’t it, Miss Cal?”

This shows that racism comes from all sides.  Lula could not stomach white children, no matter how young or who, coming into what she viewed as her "sacred" space.  The irony here is that she probably did not know that Atticus would be the one to defend Tom Robinson. 

What are some interests that Juliet has?

There are a few hints at Juliet's interests, but the lack of them is far more interesting in my opinion. She has a strong relationship with her nurse, who seems to be her dearest friend in many respects. Like many women in her day, she shows signs of religious devotion. Keep in mind the friar is the first person she goes to when she needs help. Her presence at the ball could also be seen...

There are a few hints at Juliet's interests, but the lack of them is far more interesting in my opinion. She has a strong relationship with her nurse, who seems to be her dearest friend in many respects. Like many women in her day, she shows signs of religious devotion. Keep in mind the friar is the first person she goes to when she needs help. Her presence at the ball could also be seen as an interest, but it is more likely something she does out of social obligation.

More interesting to me is that she has so few major interests in life. This is not an accident; she is still very young and unsure of herself as a person. This is one of many signs throughout the play that the couple's relationship is more an act of rash, youthful passion than genuine adult love and commitment. Romeo has similar issues. Remember, he was originally at the ball because he claimed to be in love with another woman. He appears to be a young man constantly falling in and out of love.

Their young naivety and lack of development as people is part of what makes the play so tragic. They had hardly begun to find themselves, but they gave it all up for passion, as young people sometimes do.

In "The Sniper," why are the characters not identified with names?

A good question that digs at the central themes of this story; in war, we strip the humanity away from ourselves and our enemies, in order to make the jobs of survival and killing easier. The ironic ending, and the reveal that the sniper's enemy was his brother, throws this abnormal existence into stark relief.

The morality in this story is all about proximity to the person being acted upon; if we were to ask...

A good question that digs at the central themes of this story; in war, we strip the humanity away from ourselves and our enemies, in order to make the jobs of survival and killing easier. The ironic ending, and the reveal that the sniper's enemy was his brother, throws this abnormal existence into stark relief.

The morality in this story is all about proximity to the person being acted upon; if we were to ask the sniper, or anyone, "how do you feel about killing your brother?" they would probably say that this is wrong. However, take away that relationship, reduce your brother not just to an anonymous person, but to a person trying to kill you, and the response would probably change. De-humanizing one's enemies makes difficult choices easier; if the sniper had hesitated when shooting the old woman, thinking instead about how she had a name, a family, and so forth, then he would have decidedly put himself at a disadvantage, because she was doing things that would lead to his death. 

The sniper is probably not named because we are meant to reflect upon him as he reflects upon himself; he can't afford to be whoever he was before the war began, and has simplified himself down to his role; sniper. It might also be the author's choice to do this in order to encourage us to see the sniper as no different from any other combatant, and his depersonalization makes his choices easier to understand.

What is the main conflict in the book, Of Mice And Men?

The main conflict in Of Mice and Men is the struggle for survival in hard times. George and Lennie have nothing in the world but some blankets and three cans of beans. Then have to get jobs at the ranch or die. But George finds it hard to get the Boss to take them on, even though they were sent here from the hiring hall in San Francisco and given bus tickets. The Boss is suspicious of Lennie because he doesn't talk and suspicious of George because he talks too much. George has to put up with a lot of verbal abuse before they get signed on.

Candy and Crooks are also struggling to survive in this heartless environment. Both of them know that their days are numbered. Others see that they have longer futures but that eventually they will end up in the same situations as Candy and Crooks. The men who are capable of working in the fields are driven to exhaustion. Currently they spend their whole days in the hot sun lifting 100-pound sacks of barley onto wagons. It can become excruciating, but still they have to keep on doing it. They work six days a week and probably for ten hours a day. When they get through loading all the existing barley, there will be no further use for them for a while, and they will be sent back on the road looking for something else to do. Meanwhile there are more and more hungry men tramping the road.

The struggle involves competition for jobs. The competition evokes hostility. The hostility leads to outright violence. The men become hard and bitter. Carlson is an example of that. Slim is relatively secure because he is a skilled worker. He can do something that nobody else can do. Young readers should learn from this book that the most important thing in life is survival, and the best way to survive is to have some kind of a marketable skill. There is an old saying:

A useful trade is a mine of gold.

Learn to do something that other people want to have done. The men who suffered the most during the Great Depression were those who were ignorant and unskilled. All they had to offer was their muscles. Muscles are even less marketable today because of the machinery that has been invented to do the hard work, including bulldozers, forklifts, and ditch-diggers. When the unskilled "working stiff" got old and/or handicapped the system had no use for him. There was little protection for such men in those days. It was every man for himself. Steinbeck is implicitly suggesting that there should be a safety net for all Americans, and it should be provided by the federal government--because who else could do it? Steinbeck was one of the many writers who influenced public opinion, which influenced legislation, which led to the protections we all enjoy now. 

In his masterpiece The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck shows a camp established for migrant workers by the federal government. It seems like paradise in comparison to what the Joads have been living through. It even has flush toilets. When two of the children accidentally flush one of them, they are terrified because they think they have broken it. It has showers and facilities for washing clothes. Unfortunately no family can stay for more than a certain length of time. They have to move on to make way for other migrants, and there are still very few of these clean, hospitable migrant camps.

People who like Of Mice and Men should go on and read other books by Steinbeck, and especially The Grapes of Wrath.

Why will Goody Good's life be spared if she is a witch?

Sarah Good is a beggar woman in Salem who is the first one accused of being a witch.  Goody Good is a little senile and has been seen muttering and talking to herself around town.  She is an easy scapegoat for Abigail to accuse of witchcraft because she is an outcast and a little crazy. 

The irony about the witch trials is if you confess to being a witch, renounce the devil, and accept God,...

Sarah Good is a beggar woman in Salem who is the first one accused of being a witch.  Goody Good is a little senile and has been seen muttering and talking to herself around town.  She is an easy scapegoat for Abigail to accuse of witchcraft because she is an outcast and a little crazy. 

The irony about the witch trials is if you confess to being a witch, renounce the devil, and accept God, you will be spared from death.  We see this happen when Tituba confesses so readily upon being accused of dancing in the woods and casting spells.  She immediately declares her faith in God, and she is let back into the fold. If Goody Good confesses, she will also be spared.  

The Puritans and other witch-hunting religious groups had some wild ideas on how to prove guilt or innocence in accused witches.  For example, it was thought that if you were a witch you would float on water, but if you sank and drowned, you were innocent.  You were dead but innocent.

Throughout history, the persecution of witches and others has always been fueled by ignorance and superstition.  

Why does Miss Maudie make a comparison between a "Roman carnival" and the people passing by to attend the trial at the courthouse in Harper Lee's...

In Chapter 16 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem, Dill, and Scout stand outside observing all of the county's folks journeying to the courthouse in town on the day of Tom Robinson's trial. Miss Maudie also comes out on her porch just as a wagonload of foot-washers drive past, mocking Miss Maudie for the vanity she displays in her yard full of summer flowers. After Miss Maudie mocks them right back, the kids approach her house to converse with her. When the kids ask her if she is going to the courthouse to observe the trial, Miss Maudie replies:

I am not. 't's morbid, watching a poor devil on trial for his life. Look at all those folks, it's like a Roman carnival. (Ch. 16)

By speaking of a "Roman carnival," Miss Maudie is referring to the fact that Roman Catholics have a time of festival just before their period of Lent. The festival, generally called Carnival or even Mardi Gras in some places, is a time of wild entertainment marked by parades, theater, singing, and folk dancing. Attendees also wear costumes. The Carnival season is in general considered a wild time in which attendees abstain from the restrained, moral behavior the Catholic religion usually requires. It is especially a time to cut loose just before the season of Lent, a 40-day period in which members of the Roman Catholic Church fast, don't eat meat, and abstain from other worldly pleasures in order to imitate Jesus Christ's own 40-day period of fasting in the desert.

The Carnival season begins at different times in different places around the world dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. For example, in Bavaria, Carnival lasts more than a month and begins as early as the feast of the Epiphany, which takes place on January 6th, and lasts until the Tuesday just before Ash Wednesday, called Shrove Tuesday. In Cologne, Carnival begins even earlier, on November 11th, making it a nearly 3-month-long celebration. However, other areas are stricter. For example, in France, Carnival is only celebrated on Shrove Tuesday.

Hence, in referring to the town as looking like a Roman carnival and attendees of the trial as Carnival attendees, Miss Maudie is commenting on the fact the citizens look like they are going out for a time of wild merry-making, a time when all morality is forgotten for a period. Since many of the county's citizens, including the members of the jury, believe Robinson to be guilty simply because they are racist, we know that Miss Maudie's simile comparing the citizens to Carnival attendees is very fitting.

In Lord of the Flies, how does the character Jack show success?

Jack is successful as a hunter and as a leader. At the beginning of the story, when Jack first appears, he is leading the choir boys in a march across the beach toward the sound of the blowing conch. He is able to keep the boys literally in line, requiring them to march in formation with their hot clothes and caps on. Jack believes he should be elected chief of all the boys, but Ralph...

Jack is successful as a hunter and as a leader. At the beginning of the story, when Jack first appears, he is leading the choir boys in a march across the beach toward the sound of the blowing conch. He is able to keep the boys literally in line, requiring them to march in formation with their hot clothes and caps on. Jack believes he should be elected chief of all the boys, but Ralph wins the election. However, Jack remains the leader of his choir boys, who become the hunters. When Jack later calls for a vote to remove Ralph from being chief, again the boys side with Ralph, causing Jack to leave the group and go off on his own. However, before the day has passed almost all the boys have flocked to him, joining him first in the hunt and then at his feast. Jack uses enticements, like having fun and eating meat, as well as intimidation, like beatings and stoking the boys' fears, to keep the boys loyal to him. 

Jack is also a successful hunter. Although at first he is squeamish about killing pigs and drawing blood, as early as chapter 3 he is devoting extra time and energy to learn how to track pigs. Once he has killed his first pig, he no longer fears, but rather enjoys, the taking of life and spilling of blood. Unfortunately, by the last chapter he is using his well-honed hunting skills to hunt Ralph with the intent to kill him.

What would have happened if there was no atmosphere?

Atmosphere does a number of things for us. For starters, atmosphere contains oxygen, the gas we need for cellular respiration. Without oxygen, we would all die very quickly. Atmosphere also protects us from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiations of Sun. It also prevents a large amount of space debris from reaching the surface of Earth. Extra-terrestrial objects burn up in our atmosphere and thus hardly ever reach the surface. Atmosphere is also responsible for greenhouse...

Atmosphere does a number of things for us. For starters, atmosphere contains oxygen, the gas we need for cellular respiration. Without oxygen, we would all die very quickly. Atmosphere also protects us from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiations of Sun. It also prevents a large amount of space debris from reaching the surface of Earth. Extra-terrestrial objects burn up in our atmosphere and thus hardly ever reach the surface. Atmosphere is also responsible for greenhouse effect, which keeps the temperatures high enough for the life to survive and also ensures small variations between daytime and nighttime temperature. Atmosphere traps some of the solar radiations and keep the Earth warm, without the atmosphere, the surface temperature would be very low. Lack of atmosphere will also mean that all the oceans would evaporate very quickly (since water boils at lower temperature, when air pressure is low).

In essence, lack of atmosphere would have meant no life and no water on this planet, very low temperatures, high amount of solar radiations and bombardment by extraterrestrial objects. 

Hope this helps. 

How does Dill mature in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Charles Harris Baker, known as Dill, matures after two incidents: (1) The cross-examination of Tom Robinson by Mr. Gilmer, and (2) his running away from home.

(1) After the heartless drilling of Tom by Mr. Gilmer and his exploitation of Tom's having said that he felt sorry for Mayella and accusing him of being impudent, Dill cries in reaction to what he perceives as Mr. Gilmer's talking to Tom in such a "hateful" way. "It...

Charles Harris Baker, known as Dill, matures after two incidents: (1) The cross-examination of Tom Robinson by Mr. Gilmer, and (2) his running away from home.

(1) After the heartless drilling of Tom by Mr. Gilmer and his exploitation of Tom's having said that he felt sorry for Mayella and accusing him of being impudent, Dill cries in reaction to what he perceives as Mr. Gilmer's talking to Tom in such a "hateful" way. "It just makes me sick," Dill says.
Mr. Dolphus Raymond consoles Dill to some extent, telling him that time will make him less "thin-hide[d]."
Later, Dill says cynically that he will become a clown:

"There ain't one thing in this world I can do about folks except laugh, so I'm gonna join the circus and laugh at them" (Ch.22)

His attitude is now more hardened as Mr. Raymond has said it would become. While this reaction does not demonstrate the best reaction, it, nevertheless, demonstrates a maturation in the sense that it shows Dill's efforts to reconcile things for himself.

(2) When Dill runs away from home, his action indicates a childish, emotional response to the hurt that he has felt in being alienated from his parents by being told to go and play with his things, or go outside.
After Jem informs Atticus that Dill is in the house, Atticus tells Dill the boy that he must let his parents know where he is. Also, Atticus notifies Aunt Rachel, who flies into her "Do-oo Je-sus" exclamation.
With maturity, however, Dill "bore with fortitude" her "Wait Till I Get You Home Your Folks Are Out of Their Minds Worryin'" and when she is finished scolding Dill, Dill smiles when she tells him he can stay overnight with Jem and Scout and he "returned the hug at long last bestowed upon him," demonstrating his maturity in not holding a grudge against his aunt for all the scolding he has received.

In "A Rose for Emily," what kind of conflict is the aldermen's attempt to get Miss Emily pay taxes?

The conflict that this particular situation represents is the external conflict of man vs. society. In this case, it would be Emily versus the changing society of Jefferson County. 

Back in the days when Emily's father, Mr. Grierson, was alive, he and Colonel Sartoris were in friendly terms. When Grierson died, it was generally accepted that the man was a well-known person of influence in the county, albeit not a very well-liked person. Yet,...

The conflict that this particular situation represents is the external conflict of man vs. society. In this case, it would be Emily versus the changing society of Jefferson County. 

Back in the days when Emily's father, Mr. Grierson, was alive, he and Colonel Sartoris were in friendly terms. When Grierson died, it was generally accepted that the man was a well-known person of influence in the county, albeit not a very well-liked person. Yet, for reasons that are still not quite clear, Colonel Sartoris decides to concoct a story that Miss Emily is exempt from paying taxes as a way to repay back money that her father had presumably loaned the county. This is a tale that the townsfolk narrator does not believe. 

Only a man of Colonel Sartoris’s generation and thought could have invented it, and only a woman could have believed it.

As the story says, times did change. Colonel Sartoris died, and the people of Jefferson grew older, taking the place of those who left, and becoming now the new magistrates and aldermen of the town. When they realized that Miss Emily was not paying taxes, they did what any other normal magistrate body would: Go after Emily and demand that her taxes are paid. They had no "hold" or connection to the Griersons. They had no special friendship with Emily's family. Those times of kinship and camaraderie are gone. Emily has to pay her taxes. 

The conflict arises when Emily refuses to acknowledge that ten years have passed since the death of Colonel Sartoris. Moreover, she does not even consider the fact that, as times change, so do rules and regulations. Eternally trapped inside her house, Emily seems to have lost track of time and still insists that she has no taxes in Jefferson. She even tells the aldermen to go see Colonel Sartoris, themselves. 

"I received a paper, yes," Miss Emily said. "Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff . . . I have no taxes in Jefferson."

"But there is nothing on the books to show that, you see We must go by the--"

"See Colonel Sartoris. I have no taxes in Jefferson."

This is a clear conflict between Miss Emily and the society in which she is constrained to coexist with others. She is unable to fit in with society, but she has to try, nevertheless. 

I'm not doing so good in language arts; I have a D and I need to raise my grade. Any suggestions?

First of all, ask yourself a few questions.  Do you avoid doing the homework because you are not doing well?  Do you ask your teacher or tutor for help?  Then, ask your teacher why you have a D; is it because of poor test scores, homework not done, or because you don't understand.  Once you have a better understanding of WHY your grade is a D, you can begin to bring it up.

First of...

First of all, ask yourself a few questions.  Do you avoid doing the homework because you are not doing well?  Do you ask your teacher or tutor for help?  Then, ask your teacher why you have a D; is it because of poor test scores, homework not done, or because you don't understand.  Once you have a better understanding of WHY your grade is a D, you can begin to bring it up.

First of all, pay close attention in class and take notes.  Keep track of the words which indicate an assignment is being described such as for tomorrow, this project, due dates, etc.  Second, make sure you spend time on the assignment so that it doesn't look like you did it in the five minutes before class.  Third, make sure that you study for any tests.  If you have been paying attention and doing the daily work, studying for tests isn't so hard.  Maybe find a partner who also needs to study.  Use a memory method such as the first letter of each word in a quote you must memorize to help you remember.  Time not invested in studying is the biggest issue with low grades.

Show your teacher that you want to work and bring up your  grade.  Usually when they know that you are willing to work hard, they will do all they can to help you.  Good luck.

Miss Maudie tells Scout that “Mr. Radley was a foot-washing Baptist,” and goes on to say that some men worry so much about “the next world”...

Miss Maudie is suggesting that Mr. Radley's strict interpretation of the Bible had influenced the way he treated his son, Boo. Mr. Radley, who was a "foot-washing Baptist," believed that any type of pleasure was a sin. Mr. Radley kept Boo secluded inside the house as an extreme form of punishment for his youthful pranks. The "foot-washing Baptists" are so extreme in their beliefs that they view gardening as a sin. Mr. Radley's treatment of...

Miss Maudie is suggesting that Mr. Radley's strict interpretation of the Bible had influenced the way he treated his son, Boo. Mr. Radley, who was a "foot-washing Baptist," believed that any type of pleasure was a sin. Mr. Radley kept Boo secluded inside the house as an extreme form of punishment for his youthful pranks. The "foot-washing Baptists" are so extreme in their beliefs that they view gardening as a sin. Mr. Radley's treatment of Boo seems inhumane, but to Mr. Radley his actions were justified.

In my opinion, I do feel that Mr. Radley was a Christian. I feel that he was trying his best to keep his son from getting into more trouble. If one were to take the Bible literally, they would immediately become an outcast in society, much like Mr. Radley. In Luke 18:22, Jesus says, "sell all that thou hast, and distribute unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me." Out of all the Christians I've met throughout my life, I have never met one that has sold "everything" they owned and given it to the poor. Mr. Radley's views would be in alignment with this verse, and he would be an outcast if he followed Jesus' directive exactly. Studying hermeneutics is difficult because there are so many different ways to interpret the Bible. In the eyes of a liberal or moderate Christian, Mr. Radley is "not" following Christ's message, but a strict conservative would feel different.

How is Macbeth and Banquo's relationship affected by the prophecies of the witches?

Macbeth and Banquo have a good, positive relationship at the opening of the play. As generals in King Duncan's Scottish army, they fight together to defeat the Norwegians and rebellious Scots. Shortly after their victory, however, they encounter the witches, who make several prophecies. One is that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and king. When Banquo asks what the future holds for him, the witches say that he shall “. . . get 'kings,”...

Macbeth and Banquo have a good, positive relationship at the opening of the play. As generals in King Duncan's Scottish army, they fight together to defeat the Norwegians and rebellious Scots. Shortly after their victory, however, they encounter the witches, who make several prophecies. One is that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and king. When Banquo asks what the future holds for him, the witches say that he shall “. . . get 'kings,” which means that his descendants shall become kings.

At first, Banquo and Macbeth do not directly address the implied conflict here—if Macbeth is going to be king, but Banquo's descendants are going to become kings, something negative is going to have to happen to Macbeth's royal line.

Later in the play, after Macbeth has achieved the throne, Banquo, speaking alone on stage, expresses his suspicions of Macbeth's path to the kingship:

Thou hast it now; king, Cawdor, Glamis, all,

As the weird women promised, and I fear

Thou play'dst most foully for't:

Soon thereafter, Macbeth is alone on stage and relates this worry concerning Banquo:

To be thus is nothing;

But to be safely thus; our fears in Banquo

Stick deep; and in his royalty of nature

Reigns that which would be fear'd.

Macbeth means that even though he has become king, it doesn't mean anything unless he is safe, which he is not as long as Banquo is alive.

In the next scene Macbeth arranges for Banquo and his son Fleance to be murdered.

Thus, the witches' prophecies have shattered the relationship between Macbeth and Banquo by causing them to become suspicious and afraid of each other.

Describe the working conditions and roles of immigrants, women, and children in the New Age of American Industry.

First, the rapid industrialization that characterized the economy in the late nineteenth century was fueled by, among other things, immigrant labor. Millions of immigrants, many from Eastern and Southern Europe, toiled in American factories, sweatshops, and mills in Northern cities and in mines in the West. 

Immigrant labor was not widespread in the South, where textile mills came to dominate small-town life. But the labor of white women and children was. (Most mills refused to...

First, the rapid industrialization that characterized the economy in the late nineteenth century was fueled by, among other things, immigrant labor. Millions of immigrants, many from Eastern and Southern Europe, toiled in American factories, sweatshops, and mills in Northern cities and in mines in the West. 

Immigrant labor was not widespread in the South, where textile mills came to dominate small-town life. But the labor of white women and children was. (Most mills refused to employ African-American men and women). Women in particular made up a large segment of the textile labor force, just as they had in the Northeast before the Civil War. Many left the mills upon marriage, but many did not. Women were similarly employed in many industries throughout the nation, most prominently the garment industry. 

The almost total absence of regulation meant that children were employed alongside adults in almost every major industry in the United States. This was especially true in mining and textiles, where the small size of children was an advantage. Before child care was a valid option for most families, there was little choice but for children to work, often alongside their parents.

Whatever the industry, workers faced difficult working conditions. This was largely a result of the lack of legislation mandating work hours, workplace safety, and, for that matter, minimum wage. Thus the rapid industrialization of the United States was built on a large working class that toiled under very difficult circumstances for next to subsistence wages. 

What character traits are used to describe Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird?

One thing we learn early on in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird is that Scout Finch is very precocious, meaning that she's very advanced for her age. We see her precociousness in the fact that she taught herself to readwell before she started school. We learn this fact when Jem says to Dill, "Scout yonder's been readin' ever since she was born, and she ain't even started school yet" (Ch. 1). We...

One thing we learn early on in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird is that Scout Finch is very precocious, meaning that she's very advanced for her age. We see her precociousness in the fact that she taught herself to read well before she started school. We learn this fact when Jem says to Dill, "Scout yonder's been readin' ever since she was born, and she ain't even started school yet" (Ch. 1). We further see Scout prove she is precocious when she later says she's not sure how she learned to read and can't really recall a moment when she could never do it. According to Scout, "[R]eading was something that just came to [her], as learning to fasten the seat of [her] union suit without looking around, or achieving two bows from a snarl of laces" (Ch.2). Interestingly, most children need to be taught how to tie their shoelaces, which further proves how precocious Scout is.

A second character trait of Scout's is that she has a poor temper, which she usually unleashes in physical violence upon her victims. She has such a dominant tendency to get into physical fights that one of Atticus's main concerns is teaching her to control her temper and keep her head. The first example of her poor temper we see is when she attacks Walter Cunningham. When asked by Jem why she was attacking Walter, Scout responds, "He didn't have any lunch," which refers to the fact that she explained to the new teacher why he didn't have any lunch nor was willing to accept any money for lunch, an act that made her get into trouble as a know-it-all (Ch. 3). Scout's decision to unleash her wrath on Walter, though he is actually innocent, shows us just how foul her temper can be.

What do Buddy and his cousin do to upset the relatives?

In Truman Capote’s, “A Christmas Memory” Buddy and his cousin, who is his best friend, make Christmas fruitcakes for a number of acquaintances. In order to soak the cakes in whiskey they visit a local purveyor named Mr. HaHa Jones. Mr. Jones does not charge them for the whiskey but instead he requests that they deliver a cake to him. The pair returns to their house to make the cakes and soak them in whiskey...

In Truman Capote’s, “A Christmas Memory” Buddy and his cousin, who is his best friend, make Christmas fruitcakes for a number of acquaintances. In order to soak the cakes in whiskey they visit a local purveyor named Mr. HaHa Jones. Mr. Jones does not charge them for the whiskey but instead he requests that they deliver a cake to him. The pair returns to their house to make the cakes and soak them in whiskey but there is a bit left. The pair shares the whiskey, drinking it out of jelly jars. They respond to the alcohol by dancing and singing around the stove. Unfortunately, two of their relatives catch them and reprimand the cousin for giving the whiskey to a seven-year-old boy. The relatives are very angry at the situation and make the cousin so upset that she cries for a very long time while Buddy attempts to console her.

In Lord of the Flies, each death or near death on the island reflects the gradual descent of the boys into savagery. Based on the previously stated...

You could argue that each death or "near death" act of violence symbolizes a different aspect of the boys' descent into savagery. Simon is the peaceful and insightful boy on the island. At the end of Chapter 8, Simon imagines the Lord of the Flies (pig's head on a stick) talking to him. The Lord of the Flies tells him that he (the Beast) is a part of the boys. In Chapter 9, Simon goes to tell the others that there is no beast, that the only thing to fear is the potential beast in all of them. Simon's wisdom is never heard because they kill him in a savage frenzy. It seems that they don't even recognize him on the beach. They literally and symbolically fail to recognize the voice of reason and wisdom. With Simon's death, the model of peace and wisdom is lost. 

With Piggy's death, there is a symbolic loss of order, intelligence, and reason. Piggy and the conch are tragically but fittingly destroyed together. The conch was the symbol of order, the one object that brought the boys together. Piggy was the intellect on the island and the only one other than Ralph to insist upon keeping the fire going. This is their best hope for being rescued, their best link to the civilized world. When he and the conch are destroyed, order is just about completely lost. 

In the last chapter, Ralph is being chased by Jack and his tribe. Near the end of the chapter, Golding stops using their names (with the exception of Ralph's name). Ralph is being followed by "a savage." The violent pursuit of Ralph is marked by a loss of the other boys' English (civilized) names. Now, they are simply savages. Each act of violence (Simon's death, Piggy's death, the shattered conch, and hunting Ralph) shows a different aspect of their descent. By the end of the final chapter, the boys have completed the progression from civilized to savage. 

What is digital communication ?

Digital communication is communication through communication systems that first convert output into binary sequence and then convert that binary sequence into a form suitable for transmission over particular physical media such as cable, twisted wire pair, optical fiber, or electromagnetic radiation through space. (Robert Gallager, MIT OpenCourseWare)

Digital communication is the art of communicating via the onslaught of various technological advances, many in the for of "apps", or applications, for smart phone usage. ...

Digital communication is communication through communication systems that first convert output into binary sequence and then convert that binary sequence into a form suitable for transmission over particular physical media such as cable, twisted wire pair, optical fiber, or electromagnetic radiation through space. (Robert Gallager, MIT OpenCourseWare)

Digital communication is the art of communicating via the onslaught of various technological advances, many in the for of "apps", or applications, for smart phone usage.  Communication by computer in the form of email, power point presentations, or lesson presentation all fit within the parameter of digital communication.  So do texting, tweeting, instagramming, and veritable plethora of modern communication techniques employed by up to 90% of the public today.  Not only are we able to text each other, we are also able to video chat with each other, a concept that once only existed in the Sunday comic strips version of Dick Tracy, with his fancy "two-way wrist radio."  Applications like Facebook and the cloud have replaced more traditional methods of communication, such as the telephone and the telegraph.  Newspapers have even resorted to online digital versions, as subscriptions to "hard copy" newspapers have declined over the past decade.