List three phonemes that both English and Chinese have (exact matches) and three phonemes that Chinese has that English doesn't have, or that...

Before answering your question, I would like you to note that a language can have many dialects, and the phonology, or the sound system of a language, can change from one dialect to another. For instance, different dialects of English spoken in different parts of America and England often make use of different variants of the rhotic consonants or the class of r-sounds (the letter r as represented in the roman script). Also, sometimes this...

Before answering your question, I would like you to note that a language can have many dialects, and the phonology, or the sound system of a language, can change from one dialect to another. For instance, different dialects of English spoken in different parts of America and England often make use of different variants of the rhotic consonants or the class of r-sounds (the letter r as represented in the roman script). Also, sometimes this difference in phonology is so striking that, over time, it makes different dialects of the same language mutually unintelligible, although this is rare.  Since you are looking for “exact” phonemic matches and differences, I feel this distinction becomes important here. Nevertheless, for this answer, we can consider Mandarin Chinese and the standard British English dialect.

The following are some of the phonemes that are present in English, but not in Mandarin Chinese:

Voiced bilabial plosive /b/

Voiced alveolar plosive /d/

Voiced Velar plosive /ɡ/

Voiceless Dental Fricative /θ/

The following phonemes in Mandarin Chinese are not present in English:

Voiceless post-alveolar affricate (彳 chì) /ʈʂʰ/

Voiced post-alveolar affricate (之 zhī ) /ʈʂ/

Voiceless velar fricative (厂 hàn) /x/

The bilabial nasal /m/, voiceless labio-dental fricative (匚 fāng) /f/ and lateral approximant (力 lì) /l/ are present in both English and Mandarin Chinese.

Note that the symbols in round brackets are the "bopomofo" symbols. Their IPA equivalents are written within slanting lines, which is the conventional notation system of writing phonemic symbols in IPA.