What passages in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird show that Tom Robinson was blamed for crimes he did not commit?

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, multiple passages proving Tom Robinson's innocence can be found in the testimonies given during the trail, Chapters 17 through 19. The most obvious and substantial passageproving Robinson's innocence is found during Mayella Ewell's testimony. During her testimony, Atticus asks Mayella to "identify the man who raped [her]" (Ch. 18). When Mayella points in the courtroom to Tom Robinson, Atticus has Robinson stand to reveal the fact...

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, multiple passages proving Tom Robinson's innocence can be found in the testimonies given during the trail, Chapters 17 through 19.

The most obvious and substantial passage proving Robinson's innocence is found during Mayella Ewell's testimony. During her testimony, Atticus asks Mayella to "identify the man who raped [her]" (Ch. 18). When Mayella points in the courtroom to Tom Robinson, Atticus has Robinson stand to reveal the fact that Robinson's left arm is crippled. As Scout describes in her narrative, Robinson's left arm is far shorter than his right and "hung dead at his side" (Ch. 18). His left hand is even so useless that, when it is his turn to testify, he can't get his hand to remain on the Bible long enough to be able to take the oath. As Jem phrases it, "Scout ... Scout, look! Reverend, he's crippled" (Ch. 18). The reverend further explains that Robinson's arm has been crippled ever since he was a boy and got it caught in the cotton gin of Mr. Dolphus Raymond, Robinson's employer. If Robinson's left arm is useless, then it is impossible for him to have been able to injure Mayella on the right side of her face while standing before her.

Atticus proved the importance of the culprit needing to be able to use his left arm earlier when questioning Bob Ewell. Atticus very cleverly asks Ewell to write his name before the court. When Ewell writes with his left hand, Judge Taylor asks Ewell if he is ambidextrous, to which Ewell very intelligently responds, "I most positively am not, I can use one hand good as the other" (Ch. 17). Proof that Ewell is able to use his left hand whereas Robinson cannot proves that Robinson is innocent and sheds suspicion on Ewell.