Monday, 4 July 2016

Love Her But Leave Her Wild

Atticus never says this, but he does get accused of letting Scout run wild. 


This quote is sometimes misattributed to the character Atticus Finch because it was written by a poet who goes by the name "Atticus." However, though Atticus Finch never says this line, that does not mean it doesn't apply to Atticus Finch and Scout.


To Atticus, as long as his children grow up to respect and care about people, he is...

Atticus never says this, but he does get accused of letting Scout run wild. 


This quote is sometimes misattributed to the character Atticus Finch because it was written by a poet who goes by the name "Atticus." However, though Atticus Finch never says this line, that does not mean it doesn't apply to Atticus Finch and Scout.


To Atticus, as long as his children grow up to respect and care about people, he is satisfied.  He does feel the burden of raising two children on his own.



But the only time I ever heard Atticus speak sharply to anyone was when I once heard him say, “Sister, I do the best I can with them!” It had something to do with my going around in overalls. (Ch. 9)



Atticus Finch’s child-rearing methods are a bit unusual.  For one thing, his children call him by his first name.  Also, he lets Scout run around in overalls instead of dresses.  This is one of the reasons that so many people say that he is letting his daughter run wild. 



A lovelier lady than our mother never lived, she said, and it was heartbreaking the way Atticus Finch let her children run wild. I did not remember our mother, but Jem did—he would tell me about her sometimes—and he went livid when Mrs. Dubose shot us this message. (Ch. 11) 



Despite the criticism from his sister and the town, Atticus believes that some things are more important than what Scout wears.  He doesn’t even object to her swearing, because he assumes it is a phrase.  He lets his children explore the neighborhood, mostly on their own, but doesn’t let them act out stories about the neighbors like Boo Radley.


Scout and Jem demonstrate throughout the book that despite Atticus's unique parenting style, he has done fairly well by Scout and Jem.  His children have turned out to be good people.  Scout may be wild, but she is a good person.  She grows up to be intelligent, insightful, and compassionate.  Atticus is a loving parent, and as we learn from the examples of Mayella Ewell, Boo Radley, and Dill, that is very important.


Sunday, 3 July 2016

Discuss the significance of the title of the novel A TALE OF TWO CITIES.

The title A Tale of Two Cities is literally true as the plot involves action in both London and Paris. However, it is also significant with respect to the motif of dualities in people and in action.

Introducing the motif of dualities, the title of Charles Dickens' historical novel contains the narrative of two families during the French Revolution. There are events that occur involving these two families in both London and Paris; there are different identities of characters in each of the two cities, and there are social conditions that are similar in both of the two capital cities of England and France. In addition, subplots integrate with the main plot in intriguing ways by the end of the narrative, so, in a sense, there are more dualities.


  • Social Conditions

In his opening chapter and first famous lines, Dickens writes of the similarities between England and France within the time period of the setting:



...there were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face on the throne of England; there were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a fair face on the throne of France....



While the flames of revolution in France grow, Dickens notes, the burglaries and highway robberies increase the murdered count in England as the beheaded do in France. "In the midst of them [all the crimes in England], the hangman "was in constant requisition," just as in France, the men working the guillotines were in constant activity.


  • Dual Identities

Charles Darnay, who meets Lucie Manette on her passage to England, is actually Charles Evremonde. He has renounced his aristocratic position and come to England as a tutor. However, he is charged with treason by a dual spy and goes on trial in London. Later, after he is called back to Paris, he again is charged with a crime against the new government and taken to prison as an oppressive aristocrat.


John Basard, whose real name is Solomon Pross, is a scoundrel who works as a double spy.  He testifies against Darnay in Book I, later, he spies in St. Antoine and Paris; then in Book III he is the turnkey where Charles Evremonde/Darnay is imprisoned.


Dr. Manette, the French physician who is captured by the Evremonde brothers is falsely imprisoned in the Bastille. After the storming of the Bastille and the commencement of the Revolution in France, Manette is heralded as the prisoner who survived the aristocratic tyranny.


  • Character Doubles

Dickens also employs character doubles such as Dr. Manette and Mr. Lorry, who are similar. Also, there are opposing doubles such as Madame Lafarge and Lucie Manette/Darnay. While Dickens’s doubling functions to depict oppositions, it sometimes also reveals hidden parallels. For instance, Sydney Carton seems a foil to Charles Darnay in the early part of the novel, but as the narrative progresses, he becomes an even better and more heroic person than Darnay.

Saturday, 2 July 2016

In what chapter of Lord of the Flies does Ralph finally admit that Piggy is smarter than he is?

In chapter five, titled "Beast from Water," Ralph admits to himself that Piggy is smarter than he is. Ralph is about to call an assembly together, the first truly serious one, and he's trying to work out how to proceed appropriately. After spending some time thinking, while walking along the beach and noticing the changes that have occurred since they arrived on the island, Ralph begins to plot out how the meeting should go. It's...

In chapter five, titled "Beast from Water," Ralph admits to himself that Piggy is smarter than he is. Ralph is about to call an assembly together, the first truly serious one, and he's trying to work out how to proceed appropriately. After spending some time thinking, while walking along the beach and noticing the changes that have occurred since they arrived on the island, Ralph begins to plot out how the meeting should go. It's in this section where Ralph first admits that Piggy is gifted with a type of thinking that doesn't come naturally to Ralph. 



"Only, decided Ralph as he faced the chief’s seat, I can’t think. Not like Piggy." (110)



Ralph proceeds to acknowledge that Piggy can think, despite his girth. This adds value to Piggy, particularly since that skill, that of thought, is valuable in a chief. Ralph is struggling in this scene to come to the right decision and he worries that he might make the wrong one. As he continues to ponder the decision making process, wisdom, and how to best survive on this island, Ralph recognizes that Piggy doesn't seem to struggle to think in the way that Ralph does. This is an acknowledgement to Piggy's superior intelligence. 

With examples, explain how values influence our behavior.

Religious traditions are one group of values that influence behavior strongly. Many religions have dietary restrictions, for example. In both Muslim and Jewish communities, it is considered forbidden to eat pork, and thus eating pork is uncommon. Similarly, cattle are sacred in the Hindu religion, and therefore Hindus do not consume beef. Many Buddhists and Hindus are vegetarian, leading to lower levels of meat consumption.

Some people believe that all sentient beings should be treated with equal respect, and thus that to mistreat any creature, whether human or animal is mistaken. This has led to some people becoming vegan, and refusing to wear leather of fur or eat animal products or participate in any activity that deliberately causes pain or death to other sentient creatures. It has also led to no-kill animal shelters and the growth of cruelty-free personal care products. 

How did northerners feel about Reconstruction?

The northern attitudes about Reconstruction changed over time. After the Civil War ended in 1865, many Northerners believed that they had to rebuild the South to make sure it was reformed. They pushed for the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to, respectively, end slavery, confer citizenship on former slaves, and give all men the right to vote. In addition, the federal government established the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865 to help former slaves reunite with lost...

The northern attitudes about Reconstruction changed over time. After the Civil War ended in 1865, many Northerners believed that they had to rebuild the South to make sure it was reformed. They pushed for the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to, respectively, end slavery, confer citizenship on former slaves, and give all men the right to vote. In addition, the federal government established the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865 to help former slaves reunite with lost family members; over time, the Freedmen's Bureau tried to teach former slaves to read and write. However, Reconstruction did not generally involve providing most former slaves with land, and many southerners sought to overturn the gains that African-Americans had made during Reconstruction by instituting Black Codes. These laws often tied former slaves to plantations and did not permit them to work freely; the laws also limited the right of former slaves to vote and to exercise other rights.


In 1867, the federal government instituted Military Reconstruction, which carved the south (except Tennessee) into five military districts, each overseen by a Northern general. The southern states were required to pass the 14th Amendment and to create new state delegations and constitutions. The southern states were all permitted to rejoin the union by 1870.


By the 1870s, many northerners began to lose interest in Reconstruction for several reasons. First, some felt that they had done all they could to help former slaves with the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and the establishment of the Freedman's Bureau and Military Reconstruction. Second, violence in the south conducted by the KKK and other forces was weakening the power of the Freedman's Bureau, which was terminated in the early 1870s. Finally, the Panic of 1873, a financial crisis, lessened northerners' interest in spending more federal funds to reconstruct the south. Reconstruction ended in 1877 with the election of President Hayes. The 1876 election, between the Democrat Samuel Tilden and the Republican Rutherford Hayes, was disputed. In exchange for allowing Hayes to be President, the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the south, ending Reconstruction. This agreement is known as the Compromise of 1877.


Friday, 1 July 2016

Why aren't our bones grey when calcium is grey?

Our bones aren't made of pure calcium metal, they're made of compounds that contain calcium. Bones have a matrix made mostly of collagen, a protein. The matrix contains calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, both of which are white compounds that give bones their white appearance. Bones also contain living cells that produce new bone tissue.


Compounds usually have different properties than the elements from which they form. For example rust, which is iron oxide, is...

Our bones aren't made of pure calcium metal, they're made of compounds that contain calcium. Bones have a matrix made mostly of collagen, a protein. The matrix contains calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, both of which are white compounds that give bones their white appearance. Bones also contain living cells that produce new bone tissue.


Compounds usually have different properties than the elements from which they form. For example rust, which is iron oxide, is a different color than the iron and oxygen from which it formed. Sodium chloride, which is table salt, is white while sodium metal is gray and chlorine gas is greenish-yellow.


The elements that make up the human body are mostly in the form of compounds or aqueous ions. Besides calcium the body contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phophorous, sulfur, sodium, magnesium, potassium, chlorine, and many other elements that are part of compounds. Most of these are too chemically reactive to remain as free elements.

Which detail helps describe the primary setting of the story?

There is not any one detail that adequately describes the setting. The story is set in and around a small home in the rural south during the 1930s and we know this over the course of reading the story. 


If we had to choose a passage full of detail that adequately captures some of the setting, we might begin with the first paragraph. In it we are introduced to the kitchen which will appear many...

There is not any one detail that adequately describes the setting. The story is set in and around a small home in the rural south during the 1930s and we know this over the course of reading the story. 


If we had to choose a passage full of detail that adequately captures some of the setting, we might begin with the first paragraph. In it we are introduced to the kitchen which will appear many other times in the story, and which is the centerpiece of many of the main characters' interactions. 



"Imagine a morning in late November. A coming of winter morning more than twenty years ago. Consider the kitchen of a spreading old house in a country town. A great black stove is its main feature; but there is also big round table and a fireplace with two rocking chairs placed in front of it. Just today the fireplace commenced its seasonal roar" (Capote).



This sets up a cozy, welcoming, and rustic setting. The details in this paragraph that tell us this are the large round table (think big family gathering spot), the large roaring fireplace (warm and cozy) and the two rocking chairs (they can spend time sitting in front of the fire!). The setting is familial and warm.

Is there any personification in "The Tell-Tale Heart"?

Personification is a literary device in which the author attributes human characteristics and features to inanimate objects, ideas, or anima...