Can someone please write a summary for chapters 7 and 8 of the book Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell?

Gladwell's "Outliers" attempts to explain the reasons why some people excel way outside average success rates in various fields while others fail or only achieve minimal success. He does this through various theories explained in each chapter. In chapter 7, Gladwell focuses on the way that cultural norms can impact outcomes by using an example of airline pilot performance in the face of various obstacles. The main idea of his theory about success here is...

Gladwell's "Outliers" attempts to explain the reasons why some people excel way outside average success rates in various fields while others fail or only achieve minimal success. He does this through various theories explained in each chapter. In chapter 7, Gladwell focuses on the way that cultural norms can impact outcomes by using an example of airline pilot performance in the face of various obstacles. The main idea of his theory about success here is that cultural legacy can impact success. He theorizes that for example, if you are from a culture where no one questions authority, not only can this impede success because no one questions what the authority states is fact but that it can even lead to disasters. The plane crash is evidence of this when a copilot won't question the pilot even though the copilot knows he is right about events in the cockpit and the plane crashes. By comparison, living in a culture that questions authority, leads to questioning and critical thinking by all and so, more people take risks going against authority that can lead to above average success.

In chapter 8, Gladwell again ties the chance of succeeding above and beyond norms to culture by referencing the persistence and attention to detail of Chinese rice farmers. In general, many Chinese students outperform students from other countries in math. According to Gladwell's theory, this is due to a culture that because of the main way of producing income, rice farming, has internalized the importance of extreme persistence and hard work. The persistence and hard work learned on the rice farm he theorizes, carries over into all aspects of life including math.